Reuse,Recycle, Reduce (3R) – strategies for the calculation of transient magnetic fields

The discretization of transient magneto-dynamic field problems with geometric discretization schemes such as the Finite Integration Technique or the Finite-Element Method based on Whitney form functions results in nonlinear differential-algebraic systems of equations of index 1. Their time integration with embedded s-stage singly diagonal implicit Runge–Kutta methods requires the solution of s nonlinear systems within one time step. Accelerated solution of these schemes is achieved with techniques following so-called 3R-strategies (“reuse, recycle, reduce”). This involves e.g. the solution of the linear(-ized) equations in each time step where the solution process of the iterative preconditioned conjugate gradient method reuses and recycles spectral information of linear systems from previous stages. Additionally, a combination of an error controlled spatial adaptivity and an error controlled implicit Runge–Kutta scheme is used to reduce the number of unknowns for the algebraic problems effectively and to avoid unnecessary fine grid resolutions both in space and time. First numerical results for 2D nonlinear magneto-dynamic problems validate the presented approach and its implementation. The space discretization in the numerical examples is done by Lagrangian nodal finite elements but the presented algorithms also work in combination with other discretization schemes for the Maxwell equations such as the Whitney vector finite elements.     

A finite volume scheme for anisotropic diffusion problems

A new finite volume for the discretization of anisotropic diffusion problems on general unstructured meshes in any space dimension is presented. The convergence of the approximate solution and its discrete gradient is proven. The efficiency of the scheme is illustrated by numerical results. To cite this article: R. Eymard et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 339 (2004).     

A posteriori error estimation in the conforming finite element method based on its local conservativity and using local minimization

We present in this Note fully computable a posteriori error estimates allowing for accurate error control in the conforming finite element discretization of pure diffusion problems. The derived estimates are based on the local conservativity of the conforming finite element method on a dual grid associated with simplex vertices rather than directly on the Galerkin orthogonality. To cite this article: M. Vohralík, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 346 (2008).     

Residual error estimators for the time-dependent Stokes equations

We present a posteriori residual error estimators for the approximate time-dependent Stokes model Chorin–Temam (Chorin, Math. Comp. 23 (1969) 341–353) projection scheme using a conforming finite element discretization. We prove a global upper bound and local lower bounds for the error on the velocity field only. To cite this article: N. Kharrat, Z. Mghazli, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 340 (2005).     

Parallelization in time through tensor-product space–time solvers

In this Note, we extend the fast tensor-product algorithm for the simulation of time-dependent partial differential equations. We use the natural tensorization of the space–time domain to propose, after discretization, a set of independent problems, each one with the complexity of a single steady problem. This allows for an efficient parallel implementation that is already interesting on small architectures, but that can also be combined with standard domain-decomposition-based algorithms providing a further direction of parallelism on large computer platforms. Preliminary numerical simulations are presented for a one-dimensional unsteady heat equation. To cite this article: Y. Maday, E.M. Rønquist, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 346 (2008).     

Analyse de certains schémas de discrétisation pour des équations différentielles stochastiques contraintes

We study various discretization schemes for constrained Stochastic Differential Equations. We provide conditions for the two approaches “projection and discretization” and “discretization and projection” to commute with one another. In particular, we show situations when the latter approach yields numerical schemes that are not consistent with the continuous problem. To cite this article: T. Lelièvre et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 346 (2008).     

A parareal in time procedure for the control of partial differential equationsUne technique de contrôle d'équations aux dérivées partielles en temps pararéel

We have proposed in a previous note a time discretization for partial differential evolution equation that allows for parallel implementations. This scheme is here reinterpreted as a preconditioning procedure on an algebraic setting of the time discretization. This allows for extending the parallel methodology to the problem of optimal control for partial differential equations. We report a first numerical implementation that reveals a large interest. To cite this article: Y. Maday, G. Turinici, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 335 (2002) 387–392.     

Sur une variante de la méthode des boites pour la détermination numérique de la dimension fractale d'un sous-ensemble du plan

In this work, we propose a particular discretization of the size of the grids in order to compute numerically, by the box-counting algorithm, the fractal dimension of a subset in two-dimensional space. The efficiency of the associated method is successfully tested on various examples of fractal sets which are derived from discret dynamical systems. To cite this article: N. Akroune, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004).     

A three field stabilized finite element method for the Stokes equationsUne méthode d'éléments finis stabilisée à trois champs pour les équations de Stokes

We consider in this work the boundary value problem for Stokes equations on a two dimensional domain in cases where non-standard boundary conditions are given. We study the cases where pressure and normal or tangential components of the velocity are given in different parts of the boundary and solve the problem with a minimal regularity. We introduce the problem and its variational formulation which is a mixed one. The principal unknowns are the pressure and the vorticity, the multiplier is the velocity. We present the numerical discretization which needs some stabilization. We prove the convergence and the behavior of the a priori error estimates. Some numerical tests are also presented. To cite this article: M. Amara et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 334 (2002) 603–608.     

Domain decomposition for a finite volume method on non-matching grids

We are interested in a robust and accurate domain decomposition method with Robin interface conditions on non-matching grids using a finite volume discretization. We introduce transmission operators on the non-matching grids and define new interface conditions of Robin type. Under a compatibility assumption, we show the equivalence between Robin interface conditions and Dirichlet–Neumann interface conditions and the well-posedness of the global and local problems. Two error estimates are given in terms of the discrete H¹-norm: one in O(h^1/2) with operators based on piecewise constant functions and the other in O(h) (as in the conforming case) with operators using a linear rebuilding. Numerical results are given. To cite this article: L. Saas et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004).     

On the Boyd–Kadomtsev system for the three-wave coupling problem

The three-wave coupling system is widely used in plasma physics, specially for the Brillouin instability simulations. We study here a related system obtained with an infinite speed of light. After showing that it is well posed, we propose a numerical method which is based on an implicit time discretization. This method is illustrated on test cases and an extension to the problem with finite speed of light is proposed. To cite this article: R. Sentis, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 347 (2009).     

Numerical error for SDE: Asymptotic expansion and hyperdistributions

The principal part of the error in the Euler scheme for an SDE with smooth coefficients can be expressed as a generalized Watanabe distribution on Wiener space. To cite this article: P. Malliavin, A. Thalmaier, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 336 (2003).     

Comparison of two approaches for the discretization of elastodynamic contact problems

The purpose of this Note is to compare two approaches for the discretization of elastodynamic contact problems. First, we introduce an energy conserving method based on a standard midpoint scheme and a contact condition expressed in terms of velocity. The second approach consists in considering an equivalent distribution of the body mass so that the nodes on the contact boundary have no inertia. We prove that this method leads to an energy conservation for the space semi-discretized elastodynamic contact problem. Finally, some numerical results are presented in the two dimensional case. To cite this article: H.B. Khenous et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 342 (2006).     

Famille de schémas implicites uniformément contrôlables pour l'équation des ondes 1-D

We present a parameterized family of finite difference schemes for the exact controllability of the 1-D wave equation. These schemes differ from the usual centered ones by additional terms of order to $h^2$, where h denotes the discretization step in space. Using a discrete version of Ingham's inequality for nonharmonic Fourier series, the spectral properties and dispersion diagrams of the schemes, we determine the parameters leading to a uniform controllability property with respect to h and an optimal stability CFL condition. To cite this article: A. Münch, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 339 (2004).     

Influence coefficients for variational integral equations

We compute exact formulas for the influence coefficients deriving from the finite element discretization of integral equation methods. We consider the case of the Newtonian potential and plane triangles of the lower degree. To cite this article: M. Lenoir, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 343 (2006).     

Numerical analysis of semilinear stochastic evolution equations in Banach spaces

The solution of stochastic evolution equations generally relies on numerical computation. Here, usually the main idea is to discretize the SPDE spatially obtaining a system of SDEs that can be solved by e.g., the Euler scheme. In this paper, we investigate the discretization error of semilinear stochastic evolution equations in L^p-spaces, resp. Banach spaces. The space discretization may be done by Galerkin approximation, for the time discretization we consider the implicit Euler, the explicit Euler scheme and the Crank–Nicholson scheme. In the last section, we give some examples, i.e., we consider an SPDEs driven by nuclear Wiener noise approximated by wavelets and delay equation approximated by finite differences.     

Dynamique de la diffusion de l'erreur sur plusieurs polytopes

We discuss algorithms for scheduling, greedy for the Euclidean norm, with inputs in a family of polytopes lying in an affine space and the corresponding outputs chosen among the vertices of the respective polytopes. Such scheduling problems arise in various settings. We provide simple examples where the error remains bounded, including cases when there are infinitely many polytopes. In the case of a single polytope the boundedness of the cumulative error is known to be equivalent to the existence of an invariant region for a dynamical system in the affine space that contains this polytope. We show here that, on the contrary, no bounded invariant region can be found in affine space in general, as soon as there are at least two different polytopes. To cite this article: C. Tresser, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004).     

Self-averaging radiative transfer for parabolic waves

A systematic derivations of self-averaging scaling limits of parabolic waves in terms of the Wigner distribution function is presented. The convergence of the Wigner distribution to one of the six deterministic radiative transfer equations is established. One of the main contributions of this Note is a unified framework for space–time scaling limits that lead to radiative transfer. To cite this article: A.C. Fannjiang, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 342 (2006).     

The role of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the symmetrized gradient of velocity in the theory of the Navier–Stokes equations

In this Note, we formulate sufficient conditions for regularity of a so called suitable weak solution (v;p) in a sub-domain D of the time–space cylinder Q_T by means of requirements on one of the eigenvalues or on the eigenvectors of the symmetrized gradient of velocity. To cite this article: J. Neustupa, P. Penel, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 336 (2003).