Photochemical synthesis and crystal structure of two potentially useful metal carbonyl complexes: pentacarbonyl(η2-cis-cyclooctene)-tungsten(0) and tetracarbonylbis(η2-cis-cyclooctene)tungsten(0)

W(CO)₅(C₈H₁₄) and W(CO)₄(C₈H₁₄)₂ were synthesized photochemically from W(CO)₆ andcis-cyclooctene with a respective yield of 71% and 18%. The compounds were characterized by NMR, IR and single X-ray crystallography. The IR spectra of the two compounds exhibited characteristic bands for the mono- and bis-substituted metal carbonyl complexes. In W(CO)₄(C₈H₁₄)₂, thecis-cyclooctene ligands are in atrans configuration with the double bonds perpendicular to each other. The two crystal structures were refined toR=0.040 for W(CO)₅(C₈H₁₄) and 0.025 for W(CO)₄(C₈H₁₄)₂. Although the tungsten-carbon (of the carbonyl groups) distances are very similar in both structures, the distances between the tungsten atom and the olefinic carbons are shorter in W(CO)₄(C₈H₁₄)₂, 2.36 Å, than in W(CO)₅(C₈H₁₄), 2.51 Å.     

Role of n-alkoxy terminal end groups on mesomorphism

A homologous series RO-C₆H₄-CH:CH-COO-C₆H₄-CO-CH:CH-C₆H₄-OC₆H₁₃ (n) of novel liquid crystals (LC) has been synthesized and studied with a view to understanding and establishing the relation between molecular structure of a substance and the LC properties or behavior of thermotropic LC materials. Novel series consist of 11 homologues. C₁ and C₂ homologue derivatives are non-LCs and the rest of homologues (C₃ to C₁₆) are nematogenic without exhibition of smectic property. Transition temperatures were determined by an optical polarizing microscopy equipped with a heating stage. Transition curve Cr-N/I of a phase diagram behaved in normal manner. N/I transition curve partly deviated at C₆ and C₁₀ homologues from normal descending behavior, and exhibited very narrow and sharp odd-even effects. Textures of nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren. Thermal, analytical, and spectral data confirmed the molecular structures of novel chalconyl ester derivatives. Thermal stability for nematic is 95.77°C and the upper and lower mesophase lengths vary from 35 to 16°C at C₅ and C₈ homologues respectively. Group efficiency order derived for nematic on the basis thermal stability is -OC₁₀H₂₁ (n) > -OC₈H₁₇(n) > -OC₆H₁₃(n).     

Crystal and Molecular Structures of C6H5CH2SOCH2CONHCH2C6H5 and C6H5SOCH2CON(iC3H7)2

Abstract  The crystal structures for two of the ligands C₆H₅CH₂SOCH₂CONHCH₂C₆H₅ (1) and C₆H₅SOCH₂CON(ⁱC₃H₇)₂ (2) have been determined by X-ray diffraction. These compounds crystallize in orthorhombic system with space groups and cell parameters, Pca21(no. 29), a = 8.4600(5) ?, b = 5.3534(5) ?, c = 32.136(2) ?, V = 1455.42(15) ?³ and Pna21(no. 33) a = 17.5563(11) ?, b = 5.7902(4) ?, c = 14.2866(9) ?, V = 1452.30(16) ?³, respectively. These molecules are stabilized in solid state by various intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions to give polymeric structures. The reported IR spectra of these compounds in solid state could be explained on the basis of the observed intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. Index Abstract  The title compounds C₆H₅CH₂SOCH₂CONHCH₂C₆H₅ (1) and C₆H₅SOCH₂CON(ⁱC₃H₇)₂ (2) were prepared by the oxidation of corresponding sulfides with H₂O₂/SeO₂ in methanol and their structures were determined. The structures show that the SO and CO groups are having “anti” configuration in 1 and “syn” configuration in 2. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Molecular properties of local anesthetics: crystal structure of 2-diethylaminoethyl-p-nitrobenzoate hydrochloride

The crystal structure of 2-diethylaminoethyl-p-nitrobenzoate hydrochloride (C₁₃H₁₈N₂O₄, HCl) been has determined from three-dimensional diffractometer data. A detailed discussion of the molecular structure is presented, together with a comparison to other similar local anesthetic structures.     

Syntheses,Structures and Optical Properties of a Series of Lanthanide Complexes with Chelidamic Acid and 4,4′-Bipyridyl

Abstract  

The title complexes, (C₁₀H₈N₂)·[Y(C₇H₃NO₅)(C₇H₄NO₅)·2H₂O]·3H₂O (1), (C₁₀H₈N₂)·[Er(C₇H₃NO₅)(C₇H₄NO₅)·2H₂O]·3H₂O (2), (C₁₀H₈N₂)·[La(C₇H₃NO₅)(C₇H₄NO₅)·2H₂O]·4.5H₂O (3), (C₁₀H₈N₂)·[Sm(C₇H₃NO₅)(C₇H₄NO₅)·2H₂O]·4.75H₂O (4), (C₁₀H₈N₂)·[Pr(C₇H₃NO₅)(C₇H₄NO₅)·2H₂O]·4.75H₂O (5) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal structures of 1–2 reveal that they are isomorphous, among which the metal atoms are all eight-coordinate with a distorted dodecahedron coordination geometry. The structures of 3–5 are isomorphic, among which the metal atoms are all nine-coordinate with distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination geometries by two chelidamic acid ligands. Complexes 1–5 are formed into 3D networks by H-bonds. The optical properties of 1–5 were investigated in terms of fluorescent spectra, which all exhibit strong luminescence.     

Molecular and crystal structure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-hexyloxybenzoic anhydride at low and room temperatures

The crystal and molecular structures of n-hexyloxybenzoic anhydride, C₆H₁₃-O-C₆H₄-C(O)-O-C(O)-C₆H₄-C₆H₁₃, at low (120 K) and room (296 K) temperatures have been investigated. The molecule has an asymmetric bent structure. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring planes is 48.5°. The aliphatic chain on one side of the molecule has a transoid orientation with respect to the “internal” C4 atom of the closest benzene ring, whereas the aliphatic chain on the other side has a cissoid orientation with respect to the analogous C(4A) atom. The crystal packing does not exhibit any pronounced separation of the crystal space into closely packed aromatic or loosely packed aliphatic regions. No weak directional interactions are observed in the packing; this fact explains the absence of liquid-crystal properties for this compound.     

Crystal Structure of 2‐methyl cinnamanilide and 2‐methoxy cinnamanilide

The crystal structures of two cinnamanilide derivatives 2‐methyl cinnamanilide (C₁₆ H₁₅ N O – compound I) and 2‐methoxy cinnamanilide (C₁₆ H₁₅ N O₂ – compound II) are reported. In both crystal structures, the cinnamamide group is almost planar. The inter‐planar angle between the two phenyl rings are 71.6(1)° for compound I and 7.5(1)° for compound II. The N‐H…O and C‐H…O type of hydrogen bond interactions between the amide group and the carbonyl group stabilizes the molecular packing as chains in the crystal lattice.     

Crystal structures of S-benzylisothiouronium hexachloroplatinate (IV) and tetrachloroaurate (III)

The crystal structures of two S-benzylisothiouronium salts, [C₆H₅. CH₂. S. C (NH₂)₂ ]₂ PtCl₆ and C₆H₅. CH₂ S. C (NH₂)₂AuCl₄, have been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data obtained from integrated Weissenberg photographs. Both structures were refined by full-matrix least squares toR = 0.11. The packing in both structures occurs in alternating sheets representing polar and apolar regions. The ion pairs are held together by ionic forces and a large number of hydrogen bonds.     

Dependence of mesomorphism on geometrical shapes of isomeric and nonisomeric series of chalconyl esters

A meta substituted chalconyl ester homologous series: RO?C₆H₄?COO?C₆H₄(meta)?CO?CH?CH?C₆H₄?OC₁₂H_25(n)(para) is synthesized and studied with a view to understanding the effect of molecular substitution at meta position in a molecular structure on thermotropic liquid crystal properties. The novel homologous series consists of thirteen homologues (C₁ to C₁₈). All the homologues except the nonliquid crystal homologues C₁, C₂, C₃ are enantiotropic nematic with the absence of smectic properties. The transition and melting temperatures were determined by an optical polarizing microscopy (POM) equipped with a heating stage. Textures of a nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren. Transition curves (Cr-N/I and N-I) behave in normal manner except homologues between C₁₀ and C₁₄ of N-I curve, which show negligible deviation from normal and a smooth descending tendency. The N-I transition curve exhibits an odd-even effect up to C₁₀ homologue and then the odd-even effect disappears for higher homologues. Analytical and the spectral data support the molecular structures. Thermal stability for nematic is 107.3°C and the mesophase lengths range between 13.0°C and 35.0°C at the C₁₈ and C₁₂ homologues respectively. Group efficiency order for nematic is derived on the basis of thermal stability as ?OC₁₂H_25(n) (linear) > ?OC₁₂H_25(n) (nonlinear) > ?OC₁₆H₃₃ (nonlinear).     

Crystal Structures of 6-methyl-3-phenylsulfonylchroman-4-one and trans -6-methyl-3-phenylsulfonylchroman-4-ol

The crystal structures of (i) CH₃(C₉H₆O₂)SO₂C₆H₅ and (ii) CH₃(C₈H₈O₂)SO₂−C₆H₅ have been determined by X-ray diffraction. (i) crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c with unit cell parametersa=8.814(1)?,b=10.310(1)?,c=15.841(4)?, β=98.17(1)^o, andZ=4, and (ii) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupP2₁2₁2₁ with unit cell parametersa=6.206(1)?,b=11.752(5)?,c=19.865(3)?, andZ=4. The pyran ring in both of them is in the distorted half-chair conformation with differeing degrees of distortion from the ideal.     

The Zolmitriptan-Pyridine (1:1) and Zolmitriptan-Propiophenone (3:2) Inclusion Complex

Abstract  

The crystal structures of zolmitriptan with pyridine (I) and propiophenone (II) solvates have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compound (I) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁ with a = 8.5610(5) ?, b = 12.2709(7) ?, c = 19.6201(12) ?, V = 2061.1(2) ?³, and Z = 4, while compound (II) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁ with a = 15.085(1) ?, b = 19.656(12) ?, c = 21.0860(13) ?, β = 92.068(1)°, V = 6248(4) ?³ and Z = 4. The asymmetric unit of (I), C₁₆H₂₁N₃O₂·C₅H₅N, contains one zolmitriptan molecule and one pyridine solvate, while the asymmetric unit of (II), 3(C₁₆H₂₁N₃O₂)·2(C₉H₁₀O) comprises six zolmitriptan molecules and four propiophenone solvates. In both structures, the N–H···N hydrogen bonds, form an infinite helical chain and generate a C(11)-type motif in (I) and a D₂²(13)-type motif in (II). Both the complexes have layer structures, the layers being constructed from rings (cavity) of four zolmitriptan molecules, hydrogen bonded through N–H···N and N–H···O bonds, where the pyridine (I) and propiophenone (II) solvates are included in an R₄⁴(33) ring.     

X-ray mapping in heterocyclic design: VIII. Synthesis and X-ray diffraction study of dimethyl 3-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-chloroindolizine-1,2-dicarboxylate and the product of its cyclization 1,2-bis(carbomethoxy)-6-chloro-3H-isoquinolino[1,2,3-d,c]indolizine-3-one

Dimethyl 3-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-chloroindolizine-1,2-dicarboxylate, C₁₉H₁₃Cl₂NO₅, (2) and the product of its cyclization 1,2-bis(carbomethoxy)-6-chloro-3H-isoquinolino[1,2,3-d,c]indolizine-3-one, C₁₉H₁₂ClNO₅, (3) are synthesized, and their molecular and crystal structures are determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Crystals 2 are monoclinic, a = 9.627(3) Å, b = 6.646(2) Å, c = 28.500(9) Å, β = 98.72(2)°, Z = 4, and space group P2₁/c. Crystals 3 are monoclinic, a = 7.048(4) Å, b = 10.582(4) Å, c = 21.760(7) Å, β = 97.23(4)°, Z = 4, and space group P2₁/c. The structures are solved by the direct method and refined in the anisotropic approximation by the full-matrix least-squares procedure to R = 0.0504 and 0.0510 for 2 and 3, respectively. In both structures, the intramolecular and intermolecular contacts involving the C, H, and O atoms are observed.     

X-Ray Diffraction Studies of 4-n-Decyl(oxy)phenyl-4'-n'-butyl(oxy)benzoate and 4-n-Decyl(oxy)phenyl-4'-n'-hexyl(oxy)benzoate

Liquid crystal aromatic esters of compositions C₁₀H₂₁OC₆H₄C(O)OC₆H₄OC₄H₉ (1) and C₁₀H₂₁OC₆H₄C(O)OC₆H₄OC₆H₁₃ (2) have been investigated by X-ray structural analysis. On temperature rise, these compounds undergo phase transitions crystal-smectic (S_A)-nematic-isotropic (1) and crystal-smectic (S_C)-smectic(S_A)-nematic-isotropic (2) at temperatures 64.5, 80.7, 89.1°C and 62.0, 77.0, 82.5, 88.5°C, respectively. Crystal packing of the compounds consists of alternating loosely packed aliphatic and closely packed aromatic regions. The number of types of weak directional interactions in aromatic regions in both crystal packings was found to be equal to a number of phase transitions in crystal-mesophase-isotropic systems.     

Study of mesomorphism dependence on molecular flexibility of an azoester series containing a napthyl unit

A novel azoester homologous series of liquid crystalline (LC) compounds: RO?C₆H₄-COO?C₁₀H₆-N:N-C₆H₄?OC₄H₉(n) without lateral substitution has been synthesized and studied with a view to understanding and establishing the effects of molecular structure on thermotropic LC substances with reference to tailed-end group. The novel homologous series consists of 13 homologs (C₁ to C₁₈) whose nematogenic and smectogenic mesomorphism commences enantiotropically from C₆ and C₁₂ members of the series, respectively. The C₁₂–C₁₈ homologs are smectogenic and C₆–C₁₈ are nematogenic, of which C₁₂–C₁₈ homologs are smectogenic plus nematogenic. The C₁–C₅ homologs are nonmesogenic. Transition temperatures and the textures of the homologs were determined and identified by an optical polarizing microscope (POM) equipped with a heating stage. Textures of a nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of the smectic phase are of the type A or C. Transition curves Cr-M/I, Sm-N and N-I of a phase diagram behaved in normal manner except N-I transition temperature of C₁₀ homolog which deviated by 9°C–10°C from normal behavior. N-I transition curve exhibited odd-even effect. Analytical, spectral, and thermal data confirms the molecular structures of homologs. Thermal stability for smectic and nematic are 115.5°C and 138.5°C, respectively whose corresponding mesophaselengths are varied from 10.0°C to 16.0°C and 13.0°C to 24.0°C, respectively. Group efficiency order for smectic and nematic are derived from comparative study of structurally similar analogous series; as smectic: ?OC₄H₉ (n) > ?CH₃ > ?H; Nematic: ?H > ?OC₄H₉ (n) > ?CH₃     

X-ray mapping in heterocyclic design: 18. X-ray diffraction study of a series of derivatives of 3-cyanopyridine-2-one with annelated heptane and octane cycles

Seven new, previously unknown, bicyclic and tricyclic heterocycles based on derivatives of 3-cyanopyrid-2-ones are obtained: 2-oxo-2,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclohepta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile, C₁₁H₁₂N₂O (1a); 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethoxy]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5Н-cyclohepta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile, C₁₉H₁₇ClN₂O₂ (2a); (3-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[b]furo[3,2-e]pyridin-2-yl)(4- chlorophenyl)methanone, C₁₉H₁₇ClN₂O₂ (3); 2-oxo-1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carboxamide, C₁₂H₁₆N₂O₂ (4); 2-[2-(4-chorophenyl)-2-oxoethoxy]-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carboxamide, C₂₀H₂₁ClN₂O₃ (5a); 1-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carboxamide, C₂₀H₂₁ClN₂O₃ (5b); and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethoxy]-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile, C₂₀H₁₉ClN₂O₂, (6). All compounds are characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and their crystal structures are determined by X-ray diffraction.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Luminescence Property of Two Lanthanide Coordination Polymers with Diglycolic Acid

Abstract  Two new coordination polymers {[Tb₂(C₄H₄O₅)₃ · 4H₂O] · 2H₂O} _n (1) and {[La₂(C₄H₄O₅)₃ · 3H₂O] · 3H₂O} _n (2) (C₄H₄O₅ ²⁻ = diglycolato) were prepared by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The two complexes have different network structures through carboxylate oxygen atoms and ether oxygen atoms from diglycolato ligands linking lanthanide ions. The characteristic transition bands ⁵D₄ → ⁷F_J (J = 6 − 3) of Tb(III) ion are observed in complex 1. Graphical Abstract  Two new coordination polymers {[Tb₂(C₄H₄O₅)₃ · 4H₂O] · 2H₂O} _n (1) and {[La₂(C₄H₄O₅)₃ · 3H₂O] · 3H₂O} _n (2) (C₄H₄O₅ ²⁻ = diglycolato) have network structures through the carboxylate oxygen atoms and ether oxygen atoms from diglycolato ligands. The emission spectrum of complex 1 indicates the ⁵D₄ → ⁷F_J (J = 6 − 3) transitions of Tb(III) ion.      

Crystal and molecular structures oftrans-dichloro-(ethylene) (4-methylpyridine)platinum(II) andtrans-dichloro(ethylene) (2,4,6-trimethylpyridine)platinum(II)

The crystal and molecular structures oftrans-[PtCl₂(C₂H₄)(4-MeC₅H₄N)] (I) andtrans-[PtCl₂(C₂H₄)(2,4,6-Me₃C₅H₂N)] (II) have been determined by single-crystal x-ray methods.I crystallizes in space groupP2₁/c witha= 4.991(1), b=21.658(3), c=10.675(3) Å, =110.17(2) °,Z=4;II is orthorhombic (Pbca) witha=10.295(6),b=12.393(8),c=20.370(10) Å,Z=8.Full-matrix least-squares refinements have given finalR factors of 0.053 (1520 reflections) forI and 0.042. (1412 reflections) forII. The intensities were recorded by counter methods, and only those reflections havingI>3(I) were used in the analyses.In both complexes, platinum is four-coordinate with the two chlorine atoms, the double bond of the ethylene, and the nitrogen atom of the substituted pyridine. The two structures are discussed in terms of the arrangement of the pyridine ligand with respect to the PtCl₂(C₂H₄) moiety.     

Molecular and crystal structures of p-heptyloxyphenyl p-hexyloxybenzoate and p-butyloxyphenyl p-heptyloxybenzoate: Mesophase design

Two aromatic esters with the formulas C₆H₁₃-O-C₆H₄-C(O)O-C₆H₄-O-C₇H₁₅ (1) and C₇H₁₅-O-C₆H₄-C(O)O-C₆H₄-O-C₄H₉ (2) belonging to nematic liquid-crystal compounds were studied by X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in two modifications: monoclinic (1-m) and triclinic (1-tr). The crystal packing of 1 and 2 is built from alternating loosely packed aliphatic regions and closely packed aromatic regions. In crystal structures 1-m and 2, the aromatic regions are linked into chains by hydrogen bonds with the participation of the carbonyl oxygen atom of the ester group and the C-H fragment of the benzene ring, but these hydrogen bonds in 1-m are much weaker than in 2. In 1-m there are π-stacking interactions between the molecules, resulting in the formation of centrosymmetric dimers with an interplanar distance of 3.45 Å. In 1-tr, the aromatic fragments form a herringbone packing motif favorable for a two-dimensional network of directional C-H...π-system interactions.     

The Double Salts Cd(C6H5COO)2 · CdCl2 and Cd(C6H5COO)2 · CdBr2

The systems Cd(C₆H₅COO)₂ CdCl₂ H₂O and Cd(C₆H₅COO) ₂ CdBr₂ H₂O have been studied at 25 °C. Formation of the double salts Cd(C₆H₅COO)₂ · CdCl₂ and Cd(C₆H₅COO)₂ · CdBr₂(1:1:0) has been established and their chemical individuality has been confirmed by chemical, X-ray, and DT-analyses. Proceeding from data on the structure of Cd(C₆H₅COO)₂ · 2 H₂O and the composition of the 1:1:0 double salts as well as using Pauling's rules for the most probable spacial disposition of the ions, the crystal structure type of the double salts obtained are predicted.     

The crystal and molecular structure of three homologue 1,4-dialkanoyloxy-biphenyls (SYM-n)

The three homologue compounds with the general formula C_nH_2n+1 COO C₆H₄ C₆H₄ OOC C_nH_2n+1 (SYM-n) crystallize in the following space groups: SYM-1: triclinic, P1 , a = 7.400(6), b = 9.227(3), c = 10.579(3) Å, α = 85.97(3), β = 89.09(3), γ = 71.47(3)°; SYM-2; monoclinic, P2₁/c, a = 11.712(7), b = 5.648(1), c = 12.408(6), Å, β = 103.84(3)°; SYM-5: triclinic, P1, a = 5.505(4), b = 8.342(8), c = 24.79(2) Å, α = 86.67(3), β = 85.45(6), γ = 71.74(7)°. The structures have been solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.075, 0.061 and 0.053, respectively. The packing arrangements show a layer-like structure. The layers are almost separated for SYM-1 as well as for SYM-2 and interdigitated for the structure of SYM-5.