轻气炮加载下蓝宝石的辐射光谱特性

冲击压缩过程中透明晶体的发光现象与材料的微观损伤及其结构变化密切相关,利用轻气炮加载结合多通道辐射高温计以及ICCD瞬态光谱测量系统,在400~800nm的可见光波段获得了蓝宝石晶体的发光光谱;研究表明蓝宝石的冲击发光呈典型的热辐射特征,其热辐射温度与该压力下蓝宝石的熔化温度之间存在明显的关联性。最后,结合辐射温度和光谱分布形态研究了蓝宝石剪切带发光的机理。     

100 GPa以上冲击压力区蓝宝石的近红外发光

采用三层夹心靶结构,利用铜箔与抛光蓝宝石之间良好的接触条件,使用辐射式高温计观测到c取向蓝宝石在130～172 GPa冲击高压下的红外辐射。实验信号显示,位于近红外波段的蓝宝石冲击辐射随着压力的增加而变强;强度对比显示,蓝宝石的近红外发射强于界面发射。基于冲击作用下滑移带的温度高于冲击平衡温度的概念,将蓝宝石体内滑移带温度作为蓝宝石发射温度代入线性吸收公式,从而将蓝宝石发光强度的增加和界面冷却引起的发光强度下降相结合;将得到的界面一蓝宝石发射强度数值模拟结果与实验结果相比较,发现二者能够重合。由实验信号的上升趋势得到三个压力下0.85μm近红外波长处蓝宝石的冲击吸收系数数值。     

氟化锂和蓝宝石单晶冲击消光及其对辐射测温的影响

采用冲击波压缩原位光源技术结合时间分辨多波长高温计测量,研究了氟化锂和蓝宝石单晶样品的冲击消光现象,实验压力范围50～183了GPa,中心波长覆盖254～800 nm.结果表明,氟化锂单晶样品在实验压力下透过率变化不大,对界面温度的拟合值影响不明显,只是使表观发射率略有下降;当压力低于90GPa时,蓝宝石的消光情况同氟化锂接近,对界面温度的拟合影响也不明显;而当压力高于99 GPa时,蓝宝石呈现明显的消光衰减现象,实验测定的消光系数随压力增加而增加,与波长间呈反比关系,与文献报道250 0Pa高压消光特性一致.研究还发现,蓝宝石窗高压消光行为对界面温度的测量存在较大的影响,使得拟合温度明显偏低.本文研究对发展非透明材料冲击测温技术具有一定的参考价值.     

氟化锂和蓝宝石单晶冲击消光及其对辐射测温的影响

采用冲击波压缩原位光源技术结合时间分辨多波长高温计测量,研究了氟化锂和蓝宝石单晶样品的冲击消光现象,实验压力范围50~183GPa,中心波长覆盖254~800nm。结果表明,氟化锂单晶样品在实验压力下透过率变化不大,对界面温度的拟合值影响不明显,只是使表观发射率略有下降;当压力低于90GPa时,蓝宝石的消光情况同氟化锂接近,对界面温度的拟合影响也不明显;而当压力高于99GPa时,蓝宝石呈现明显的消光衰减现象,实验测定的消光系数随压力增加而增加,与波长间呈反比关系,与文献报道250GPa高压消光特性一致。研究还发现,蓝宝石窗高压消光行为对界面温度的测量存在较大的影响,使得拟合温度明显偏低。本文研究对发展非透明材料冲击测温技术具有一定的参考价值。     

蓝宝石动态损伤的时间演化特性

采用时间分辨的高温计技术和Doppler Probe System(DPS)系统,本文测量了冲击压缩下蓝宝石的光谱辐亮度历史和粒子速度波剖面,并对其隐含的动态损伤的时间演化特征进行了研究.当冲击压力为~52GPa时,r切蓝宝石的光辐亮度值随时间呈线性增长,而高达58GPa时,则呈现出两段不同的线性增长特征,并且后者增长速率明显高于前者,表现出急剧增长行为.结合蓝宝石的粒子速度历史剖面结果可得,在整个观测时间内,光辐射观察区域并未受到来自飞片自由面或样品边侧的稀疏波干扰,仅受到冲击压缩波作用.这表明实测光辐射信号仅与蓝宝石在冲击压缩下的动态变形有关.将光辐亮度历史变化特征与固体材料的失效破坏理论结合分析,蓝宝石中可能发生了剪切带的贯穿失效现象.进一步的压力和晶向相关性研究结果显示,此失效破坏现象出现的弛豫时间随压力的升高而变短,并且r切蓝宝石比m切样品更长.本文对理解蓝宝石动态损伤机理具有指导意义.     

蓝宝石动态损伤的时间演化特性

采用时间分辨的高温计技术和Doppler Probe System (DPS)系统,本文测量了冲击压缩下蓝宝石的光谱辐亮度历史和粒子速度波剖面,并对其隐含的动态损伤的时间演化特征进行了研究。当冲击压力为~52GPa时,r切蓝宝石的光辐亮度值随时间呈线性增长,而高达58GPa时,则呈现出两段不同的线性增长特征,并且后者增长速率明显高于前者,表现出急剧增长行为。结合蓝宝石的粒子速度历史剖面结果可得,在整个观测时间内,光辐射观察区域并未受到来自飞片自由面或样品边侧的稀疏波干扰,仅受到冲击压缩波作用。这表明实测光辐射信号仅与蓝宝石在冲击压缩下的动态变形有关。将光辐亮度历史变化特征与固体材料的失效破坏理论结合分析,蓝宝石中可能发生了剪切带的贯穿失效现象。进一步的压力和晶向相关性研究结果显示,此失效破坏现象出现的弛豫时间随压力的升高而变短,并且r切蓝宝石比m切样品更长。本文对理解蓝宝石动态损伤机理具有指导意义。     

苯冲击压缩光谱实验研究

给出了基于ICCD探测器的多波长强度定标方法.利用带模拟电开关的LD激光器精确测量信号传输延时,实现光谱系统同步触发.在25 GPa、35 GPa两个压力点成功测量了苯的冲击压缩光谱,摄谱时间严格限定在样品的一次冲击压缩状态.结果表明,谱线主要为苯的高温分解产物分子带状谱,随冲击压力升高,短波长一侧谱线强度变大,而最大单色辐射率基本不变.在实测波长范围内,C2的Swan(A3∏g-X3∏u)带系辐射较强,且随冲击压力升高而变强.     

冲击加载下NaCl单晶高压声速与温度的同步测量

基于二级轻气炮和多通道辐射高温计,测量了45~85GPa压力范围内NaCl单晶的B2相区、B2-液相混合相区和液相区的高压声速和温度。通过高压声速数据,确定了NaCl单晶的冲击熔化压力区间为58~67GPa。当压力为67GPa时,NaCl单晶的冲击熔化温度为3 740K。计算了NaCl单晶的等熵体模量、Grüneisen系数和定容比热容,对比分析了多种模型对Grüneisen系数高压演化特性的描述。结果显示,根据吴强模型计算的Grüneisen系数不但在液相区与冲击压缩实验结果吻合得非常好,而且在低压区也与金刚石压砧实验结果及有限应变计算结果吻合得非常好。     

金属冲击温度的辐射法测量问题

 金属的冲击温度及熔化温度测量对构建其完全状态方程具有重要意义。简要综述了用于金属冲击温度及熔化温度辐射法测量的一维热传导理想界面模型和非理想界面模型,并着重对模型中明示或隐含的关键假定的合理性、影响金属冲击温度与熔化温度结果的主要因素进行了分析、讨论,以期对实验数据有一个合理的评估。还讨论了求解理想和非理想界面模型一维热传导方程界面温度时所隐含的冲击压缩下热导率不随温度而变、冲击压缩下金属样品/窗口界面辐射的灰体假定,以及窗口材料的透明性、非理想界面模型中表观界面温度的修正、动载条件下金属高压熔化温度的测量、界面的非Flourier热传导等问题。分析结果表明,目前采用辐射法测量大致可以得到冲击温度,在发生熔化的情况下可获得熔化温度,但离精密测量的要求还有较大差距。     

无氧铜冲击熔化温度的辐射法测量

 在发生冲击熔化的情况下，金属样品/窗口界面压力下的熔化温度与卸载温度数值相等，且十分接近于界面温度值。根据这一结论，利用二级轻气炮加载手段和光辐射法测温技术，用氟化锂（LiF）单晶作透明窗口，获得了110~140 GPa压力范围内无氧铜的熔化温度。实验表明，无氧铜的高压熔化温度数据与文献发表的无氧铜高压声速实验结果是一致的，铜的高压熔化规律可用Lindemann熔化定律近似描述。采用的熔化温度测量方法不必反演出冲击温度，简化了冲击熔化温度的数据处理方法，为金属冲击熔化温度测量提供了一种潜在的技术途径。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.