Improved TL-RLC model for terahertz circular split-ring resonators

Three geometries of split-ring resonators (SRRs) including circular geometry and two elliptical geometries were fabricated by modern photolithography process. The samples were measured by terahertz time-domain transmission spectroscopy. These spectra clearly revealed the lower-frequency LC resonances and the higher-frequency dipole resonances; meanwhile, the coupling effect between the LC and dipole resonance had played an important role in the overall response. Comparing the results shows that the LC resonance, dipole resonance, and the coupling effect can be designed. A simple transmission-line (TL) RLC circuit model was used to help us understand this coupling behavior and the extent of its effects. But the simple model has some disadvantage. For better matching TL-RLC model results with measured data, an improved model was introduced for the circular and y-direction stretched elliptical geometry SRRs. Other resonances and modes existing at higher frequencies except the typical LC and dipole resonances were revealed by the improved model.     

太赫兹频段开口环谐振器的可调谐振模式转换

在硅衬底上设计了一种单开口环谐振器,对其太赫兹频段内的透射性质进行了研究。假定通过光注入方式改变衬底硅的电导率,实现了谐振环的双谐振透射率可调。将砷化镓材料生长于该谐振环的开口处,通过光注入方式改变砷化镓材料的电导率,可以实现谐振环的双频LC共振和偶极子共振模式与单频闭合环共振模式之间的转换。这种通过光注入改变半导体材料电导率的方法,可以在不破坏原来谐振器件物理结构的前提下,实现谐振环谐振模式的可逆转换。     

太赫兹频段开口环谐振器的可调谐振模式转换

在硅衬底上设计了一种单开口环谐振器，对其太赫兹频段内的透射性质进行了研究。假定通过光注入方式改变衬底硅的电导率，实现了谐振环的双谐振透射率可调。将砷化镓材料生长于该谐振环的开口处，通过光注入方式改变砷化镓材料的电导率，可以实现谐振环的双频LC共振和偶极子共振模式与单频闭合环共振模式之间的转换。这种通过光注入改变半导体材料电导率的方法，可以在不破坏原来谐振器件物理结构的前提下，实现谐振环谐振模式的可逆转换。     

Effects of oblique incidence on terahertz responses of planar split-ring resonators

Effects of oblique incidence of terahertz waves on the response of planar split-ring resonators are investigated, both experimentally and by simulation. It is found that the incident angle dependent phase delay and coupling conditions of neighboring split-ring resonator(SRR) units play important roles and greatly change both the transmission and reflection spectra for the resonant feature of linear charge oscillations. Our results show that the SRR structure-supported magnetoelectric couplings at oblique excitation are trivial and can be ignored. A highly symmetric response is found in the cross-polarization effects, which may manifest the bianisotropic properties of the SRR system but this needs further study.     

Strong bonding magnetic plasmon hybridizations in double split-ring resonators

The complex magnetic dipole plasmon couplings in double split-ring resonators are investigated. Two split peaks in the absorption spectrum of these coupled systems are observed, but even the shorter-wavelength resonance peak can be redshifted compared to the peaks of individual rings. The magnetic plasmon fields outside rings are found to play an important role in these strong couplings. Because of them, both bonding and antibonding plasmon hybridizations occur at each split peak. When bonding coupling effects are stronger than those of antibonding ones, this abnormal splitting behavior appears. When the coupling between rings becomes weaker, the splitting phenomenon tends to be normal.     

Simulation investigation on waveguide properties of terahertz wave through subwavelength semiconductor gap

The waveguide propagation properties of terahertz wave through subwavelength semiconductor trench have been simulationally investigated. The effects of gap width, temperature, doping concentration and dielectric filling materials on waveguide property have been given and discussed. The results show that as temperature and doping concentration increases, the skin depth and the propagation constant decreases. In addition, the effective index increases and the propagation length decreases as the dielectric constant of filling materials increases.     

Near-field investigation of induced transparency in similarly oriented double split-ring resonators

We present near-field measurements of an induced transparency behavior using a double split-ring resonator geometry. Mapping the out-of-plane electric field component directly reveals that the induced transparency is linked to an asymmetric mode profile with the subunits oscillating in antiphase. The measurements are compared to complementary numerical simulations, and excellent agreement is found.     

Investigation of the propagation properties of terahertz waves through a semiconductor subwavelength slit

The propagation properties of terahertz (THz) waves through semiconductor conductor-dielectric-conductor (CDC) structure have been investigated. The influence of geometrical parameters, radiation frequencies and temperatures on the propagation properties have been shown and discussed. The contour results demonstrate that as the length of the dielectric filling materials increase, the effective indices of the propagation modes increase. Compared with the results of the metal structure, the effective indices of surface modes through semiconductor InSb slits increase, the propagation length decrease. The effective indices of the surface modes decrease, the propagation lengths increase with the increasing of the carrier concentration. It is expected that the numerical results may be very helpful to have better understand the propagation mechanism of THz waves through semiconductor subwavelength slit.     

基底对亚波长金属双环结构太赫兹透射性质的影响

太赫兹波通过人工金属亚波长结构开口共振环(SRRs)可以产生共振吸收, 目前普遍采用LC振荡电路和线性振子模型来解释. 利用太赫兹时域光谱系统测得并无开口的亚波长金属双环和反双环结构阵列透射的太赫兹波, 结果仍然观察到在太赫兹透射谱中存在吸收峰. 分析得出此吸收峰的出现可以用线性振子模型解释. 此外, 研究发现若将此结构制作到石英基底上, 当以样品表面法线方向为轴旋转样品时其太赫兹透射时域波形和频谱均会随旋转角度出现明显的周期性变化, 而以硅为基底并不出现此现象. 本文将其原因归结为石英基底的双折射效应对亚波长金属双环结构太赫兹透射性质的影响. 本文主要目的是分析造成这种影响的物理过程.     

Spectral imaging of individual split-ring resonators

We report on spectral imaging within individual silver split-ring resonators (SRRs) operating in the near infrared-visible range. We classified the optical eigenmodes from the measurement of their energies and nanometer scale spatial distributions. They are plasmonic standing waves that show great similarities with that of nanoantennas. We, however, evidenced marked differences in the near-field electric field lines' spatial distribution and the energies' dispersion. We also showed that the subwavelength defect's influence on the SRRs' eigenmodes spatial distribution is small.     

The polarizability matrix of split-ring resonators

The resonance behavior of electric and magnetic dipole moment amplitudes that are induced in metallic nanoparticles by the scattering of incident light was obtained by numerical simulation. For a split-ring resonator a full set of polarizability matrix components, including magnetoelectric coupling parameters (bianisotropy), were calculated.     

Nonlinear phenomena of left-handed nonlinear split-ring resonators

We theoretically analyze a two-dimensional periodic structure consisting of period nonlinear split-ring resonators (SRRs) with varactor diode. The diode is loaded into the slit of the SRRs. Then, we demonstrate nonlinear phenomena of left-handed nonlinear SRRs. This paper introduces nonlinear SRRs based on left-handed (LH) media and simulates self-tuning mechanisms, bistable effects in the microwave frequency range. In addition, with the increase of input power, the nonlinear response of the SRRs becomes multi-valued, paving a way for creating bistable tunable metamaterials.     

Extraordinary terahertz transmission through subwavelength spindle-like apertures in NbN film

We studied numerically the temperature dependent extraordinary terahertz transmission through niobium nitride(NbN) film perforated with subwavelength spindle-like apertures. Both the resonant frequency and intensity of extraordinary terahertz transmission peaks can be greatly modified by the transition of NbN film from the normal state to the superconducting state. An enhancement of the(±1, 0) NbN/magnesium oxide(MgO) peak intensity as high as 200% is demonstrated due to the combined contribution of both the superconducting transition and the excitation of localized surface plasmons(LSPs) around the apertures. The extraordinary terahertz transmission through spindle-like hole arrays patterned on the NbN film can pave the way for us to explore novel active tuning devices.     

太赫兹波段下金属狭缝的透射增强特性研究

用太赫兹时域光谱技术研究了具有不同宽度的金属狭缝透射光谱特征. 实验结果显示在实验测量有效光谱范围(02 THz—26 THz)内,当狭缝宽度小到一定程度,在频谱中出现了共振增强,具有明显的带通带阻现象,并在理论上分析了这种共振透射现象的原因. 关键词： 表面等离子体 太赫兹脉冲 时域光谱技术 金属狭缝     

亚波长分形结构太赫兹透射增强的机理研究

利用太赫兹时域光谱(terahertz time domain spectroscopy,简称THz-TDS),研究了亚波长金属分形结构在THz波段的透射增强特性.分别从实验和理论两个方面,研究了铜箔上各级分形结构THz透射增强现象的产生机理.结果表明,在低频区的透射增强主要是由低级分形线中电子运动的共振引起的,而高频区的透射增强则主要由高级分形线中电子运动的共振引起的.从而将这种透射增强效应归结为分形结构中电子的共振辐射,即分形结构的局域共振效应. 关键词： 分形 太赫兹 透射 共振峰     

Extended verification of scaling behavior in split-ring resonators

We present an expanded LC-model for nanoscale split-ring resonators (SRR), including the influence of dielectric host materials. The LC-model is experimentally verified by changing the geometry of the SRR unit cell as well as by optofluidic tuning, where the SRR samples are covered with index oil. The extended model can be used as a general guideline for metal SRR structures with arbitrary dielectric host materials.     

The rotation of polarization of a terahertz wave through subwavelength metallic structures

Structures consisting of a planar array of subwavelength metallic bars fabricated on a dielectric substrate are theoretically investigated in order to rotate the polarization of a normally incident terahertz wave in the resonance frequency band.We attribute this phenomenon to one component of the terahertz electric field parallel to inclined metallic bars which is reflected strongly due to the terahertz re-radiation from accelerated electrons in the metallic bars,while the other component perpendicular to the bars transmits almost entirely through the structures.By theoretical analysis,we obtain the transmitted-terahertz components polarized in the x-and y-directions,respectively.Further studies indicate polarization of a terahertz wave can be rotated within two specific frequency bands when the terahertz impinges on the double-bar sample.     

Thermal switching of the enhanced transmission of terahertz radiation through subwavelength apertures

We demonstrate that the extraordinary transmission of terahertz radiation through semiconductor gratings of subwavelength apertures can be switched completely by varying the temperature. The enhanced transmission, which is due to the resonant tunneling of surface plasmon polaritons that can be excited in semiconductors at terahertz frequencies, is controlled by thermally modifying the density of free carriers. The transmission through metal gratings cannot be switched in the same way since the carrier density is temperature independent. Thus semiconductors offer an interesting alternative to metals in enhancing the transmission of electromagnetic radiation.     

Effect of dielectric properties of metals on terahertz transmission subwavelength hole arrays

We study the influence of dielectric function of metals on the transmission properties of terahertz pulses through periodically patterned subwavelength holes. Because of a drastic increase in the value of dielectric constants, most metals become highly conductive at terahertz frequencies. Extraordinary terahertz transmission is observed in subwavelength hole arrays made from both good and poor electrical conductors. The measured transmittance of terahertz pulses is found to be enhanced with increasing ratio of the real to the imaginary dielectric constant of the constituent metals, for which the dielectric function follows the Drude model.     

Identifying magnetic response of split-ring resonators at microwave frequencies

In this study we provide experimental methods to identify the magnetic resonance of split ring resonantors (SRR) at the microwave frequency regime. Transmission measurements were performed on both single SRR unit cell and periodic arrays of SRRs. The magnetic response of the SRR structure was demonstrated by comparing the transmission spectra of SRRs with closed ring resonators (CRR). Effects of the changes in the effective dielectric constant of the SRR medium on the band-gaps of SRR are investigated experimentally. SRRs not only exhibit a magnetic resonance band gap but also a band gap due to the electric resonance. Finally, we present the effect of electric coupling to the magnetic resonance of bianisotropic SRRs by utilizing SRRs with different orientations, and incident electromagnetic wave polarizations.