接近非相干水声通信信道容量的信号处理算法

恶劣情况下的非相干水声通信信道模型为随机相位Rayleigh衰落,推导了该模型的信道容量曲线。为实现接近非相干信道容量的可靠通信,提出多进制低密度校验码(LDPC)和恒重码级联码的多进制非相干概率域迭代处理算法。在信道幅度和相位完全未知的情况下,根据矩估计得到信号和噪声频点幅度的统计参量,进而得到恒重码的码字后验概率,再对多进制LDPC码进行因子图迭代译码。仿真证明本算法与现有的最大能量检测非迭代译码算法相比,与信道容量曲线的差距从4.5dB缩小至1.5dB。给出了实际海试湖试通信效果,频段为6~10kHz,数据速率为357bps,海试时近似垂直通信距离为5km,湖试时水平通信距离近3km、多径超过50mS,两种情况下无差错通信的信噪比门限为2dB,验证了本算法的优势。      

A novel construction algorithm of the LDPC code for high-speed long-haul optical transmission systems

According to the transmission characteristics of high-speed long-haul optical transmission system, the main construction method of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code for optical transmission system is presented and a novel construction algorithm of LDPC code is proposed, the theoretical analysis shows that the parity check matrix of the LDPC code constructed by the proposed construction algorithm has no four-girth phenomenon, this is also theoretically proved out. Both the novel LDPC(3969,3720) code with 6.69% redundancy and the novel LDPC(8281,7920) code with 4.56% redundancy for optical transmission systems are constructed by using the presented construction method and proposed construction algorithm. The simulation results show that the net coding gain (NCG) of the two novel LDPC codes at the eighteenth iteration for the BER of 10^?12 are respectively 1.63 dB and 1.49 dB more than that of the RS(255,239) code in ITU-T G.975. Moreover, the decoding of the LDPC code in the hardware can parallel be implemented, so the decoding speed of the two novel LDPC codes are very rapid, the complexities of implementing the two novel LDPC codes, compared with the concatenated codes in ITU-T G.975.1, are relatively lower, furthermore, the hardware overhead and storage space can relatively be saved and the computation complexity can be reduced in implementing the hardware in the future. As a result, the two novel LDPC codes can better be suitable for high-speed long-haul optical transmission systems.     

低密度奇偶校验码在光通信中的性能

低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)不仅有逼近香农限的良好性能, 而且译码复杂度较低, 结构灵活, 是近年信道编码领域的研究热点, 在光通信系统中有广泛的应用前景。针对非规则Tanner图上构造的低密度奇偶校验长码具有良好的性能, 以及其在光通信系统中的应用, 构造了几种LDPC码, 并采用置信传播(BP)译码, 在加性高期白噪声(AWGN)信道、二相移相键空(BPSK)调制下进行了计算机仿真。根据规则LDPC码和非规则LDPC码的误码率(BER)和FER曲线, 对规则码和非规则LDPC码在编译码方面以及性能方面作了分析和比较, 进而对构造在光通信系统中具有实用价值的LDPC码提出了看法。通过理论分析与仿真结果表明LDPC 码型具有良好的性能, 可以节省硬件开销, 比较适用于光通信系统中, 可作为超强前向纠错码型的候选码。     

低密度奇偶校验码的性能分析与水下通信验证

在ADSP-BF561上实现了低密度奇偶校验码的编码算法。为解决编码复杂度高的问题,将校验矩阵变换后存入数据空间。为节省存储空间,采用压缩算法,并提出相应的编码算法,没有增加复杂度。对不同码率的低密度奇偶校验码在不同信道中的性能进行仿真分析。将不同码率的低密度奇偶校验码应用于水声通信系统进行浅海试验,结果表明低密度奇偶校验码能提高通信系统的鲁棒性,码率越低性能越好。当解码前符号信噪比在7～8dB时,可达到近似无误码的通信性能。     

Performance of concatenated codes over an APD-based optical system with estimated channel-state information

In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of serially concatenated codes using a BCH (32400, 32208) inner code and an LDPC (64800, 32400) outer code over a free-space optical communication (FSOC) system with APD detectors. Based on the experimental optical signals recorded from a FSO (free-space optical) link with the distance z = 11.8 km, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the concatenated codes is evaluated from the aspect of simulation under weak turbulence conditions (for which the scintillation index σ _I ² = 0.18) and strong turbulence conditions (for which σ _I ² = 1.49). The results indicate that the fade level P _T can be set much lower for the FSOC system using the concatenated codes, leading to shorter fade length and interleavers in smaller size. The concatenated codes are shown to even outperform the (4, 1, 7) convolutional code in both cases. In addition, we analyze the BER performance of these concatenated codes on the basis of pilot-aided channel estimation with different numbers of pilot symbols.     

连续变量量子密钥分发的数据逆向协调

基于多级编码/多级译码(MLC/MSD)系统实现了连续变量量子密钥分发的逆向数据协调。讨论了高斯连续变量量化过程中使互信息量最大时最佳量化区间的选取,并且通过理论计算给出了信噪比为4dB的情况下各级等价信道的最佳码率。协调方案中选择低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)作为信道编码,结合边信息译码原理最终通过LDPC迭代译码算法实现了数据的逆向协调。     

基于幅度相位联合校正算法的8-QAM自由空间相干光通信

提出了基于幅度相位联合校正算法的8阶正交幅度调制(8-QAM)自由空间相干光通信方案。与传统的自由空间光通信方案相比,本文提出的方案不仅无需信道状态信息(CSI)就可以实现对原信号的高精度还原,同时还具有较高的光谱效率。仿真实验表明,当接收端与发射端的频偏f 0=20 MHz、激光器联合线宽Δf=10 kHz、信噪比为20 dB时,该方案在归一化大气闪烁标准差σ=0.25、归一化相位噪声方差σΦ^2=0.07的对数正态湍流信道条件下,其误码率(BER)与未采用联合校正算法的8-QAM系统相比低4个量级。     

雾对大气激光通信系统的影响及克服方法

分析了雾产生的原因、相关数学模型及其对大气激光通信系统的影响.为了克服雾对无线光通信链路的影响,将LDPC码作为信道编码应用到大气激光通信系统中,并结合置信传播迭代译码算法和副载波PSK强度调制方案,在有雾的大气信道中进行了仿真.仿真结果表明：LDPC码具有优越的纠错能力,并获得了较大的编码增益,该方案可以满足大气激光通信系统的需要.     

雾对大气激光通信系统的影响及克服方法

分析了雾产生的原因、相关数学模型及其对大气激光通信系统的影响.为了克服雾对无线光通信链路的影响,将LDPC码作为信道编码应用到大气激光通信系统中,并结合置信传播迭代译码算法和副载波PSK强度调制方案,在有雾的大气信道中进行了仿真.仿真结果表明:LDPC码具有优越的纠错能力,并获得了较大的编码增益,该方案可以满足大气激光通信系统的需要.     

Power and rate control in wireless communication systems with energy harvesting and rateless codes

In this paper, for a wireless communication system with energy harvesting and rateless error correction codes, the joint optimization of transmit power, modulation scheme and code rate to maximize the long-term average achievable transmission rate under the constraint of available energy is studied. The method is given first to determine the codeword length (or code rate) for a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under the constraint of a pre-defined decoding error probability. Then the formula of the actual transmission rate is deduced with a specific modulation and code rate, and the optimization problem to maximize the long-term average actual transmission rate is constructed under the constraints of available harvested energy and the decoding complexity of the rateless code. Since energy harvesting and channel fading are both stochastic processes, the optimization problem is difficult to solve. By using the Lyapunov optimization framework, the original long-term optimization problem is transformed into a per time slot one. Then an efficient numerical method is proposed to obtain the solution to the problem. The proposed algorithm is verified by simulation, and the results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a higher average actual transmission rate than the comparison algorithms aiming at optimizing the channel capacity.     

Half-duplex relaying with serially concatenated low-density generator matrix (SCLDGM) codes

Recently, the integration of cooperation with coding has proven to be a very useful technique to enhance relay system performance. Relay systems based on low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have the potential to approach the theoretical information limits very closely. However, LDPC codes have a disadvantage in that the encoding complexity is high. To solve this problem, serially concatenated low-density generator matrix (SCLDGM) codes are attracting attention owing to their low encoding complexity. However, the performance of SCLDGM coded relaying has not been investigated. In this paper, we apply SCLDGM codes to relay channel with the motivation of lowering the encoding complexity. Since SCLDGM codes are concatenated codes, we cannot use the same method as LDPC coded relaying. We propose a new relaying system and three cooperation protocols suited for SCLDGM codes. Computer simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed system is equal to that of conventional LDPC coded relaying system.     

虚拟时间反转镜啁啾率键控的水声多用户通信

针对频率选择性衰落严重的浅海信道多用户通信问题,提出了一种虚拟时间反转镜(VTRM,Virtual Time Reversal Mirror)啁啾率键控(CRK,Chirp-Rate Keying)的水声多用户通信方式。该算法采用啁啾信号作为载波,接收端利用啁啾信号中心频率与分数阶傅里叶变换域的关系还原出原始信息,并使用虚拟时间反转镜技术减少了多径环境对系统的影响,采用啁啾调频率分集作为多址接入方式。在10 kHz的带宽内,可支持4个用户进行可靠通信,每用户通信速率425 bps。水池及海洋实验结果表明:该算法能够有效地传输数据,并且误码率在10-3数量级以下。      

Error Estimation at the Information Reconciliation Stage of Quantum Key Distribution

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a practical solution for secure communication between two distinct parties via a quantum channel and an authentic public channel. In this work, we consider different approaches to the quantum bit error rate (QBER) estimation at the information reconciliation stage of the post-processing procedure. For reconciliation schemes employing low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, we develop a novel syndrome-based QBER estimation algorithm. The algorithm suggested is suitable for irregular LDPC codes and takes into account punctured and shortened bits. Testing our approach in a real QKD setup, we show that an approach combining the proposed algorithm with conventional QBER estimation techniques allows one to improve the accuracy of the QBER estimation.     

大气信道对垂直发收模式紫外光散射通信性能影响的仿真

介绍了非直视单散射信道模型及其在椭球坐标系下的求解方法.在此基础上,针对垂直发收模式,研究了大气信道对紫外光通信系统的影响.对不同天气、不同通信距离条件下,大气信道所产生的能量损耗、时间延迟和脉冲展宽等进行了定量分析和仿真.仿真结果表明：能量衰减随能见度变化曲线存在拐点,即并不是天气越好,能见度越高,系统接收能量越大|通信距离1 km时,能见度18 km处出现能量衰减最小值|能量衰减随通信距离非线性递增,通信距离1 km时,能量衰减近100 dB|随着通信距离的增加,时间延迟和脉冲展宽都近似呈线性增长,通信距离1 km时,时间延迟接近5 μs,脉冲展宽大于10 μs.     

Error Exponents of LDPC Codes under Low-Complexity Decoding

This paper deals with the specific construction of binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We derive lower bounds on the error exponents for these codes transmitted over the memoryless binary symmetric channel (BSC) for both the well-known maximum-likelihood (ML) and proposed low-complexity decoding algorithms. We prove the existence of such LDPC codes that the probability of erroneous decoding decreases exponentially with the growth of the code length while keeping coding rates below the corresponding channel capacity. We also show that an obtained error exponent lower bound under ML decoding almost coincide with the error exponents of good linear codes.     

Performance analysis and design of quasi-cyclic LDPC codes for underwater magnetic induction communications

Magnetic induction (MI) communication is an effective scheme for underwater wireless communication. In this paper, we aim to design an underwater MI communication system based on Quasi-cyclic LDPC (QC-LDPC) codes. Firstly, for a given QC-LDPC code used in underwater MI communication, we propose a novel algorithm to evaluate its performance, which is named as underwater magnetic induction protograph (UWMIP) extrinsic information transfer algorithm. Furthermore, we present a differential evolution UWMIP (DE-UWMIP) algorithm, which incorporates the differential evolution method and the UWMIP algorithm. By this algorithm, we search the optimized QC-LDPC codes with best distance threshold. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and provide a good guidance to design the underwater MI communication system.     

猝发混合扩频水声隐蔽通信技术

针对常规的连续载波调制扩频通信方式容易通过能量检测的方法被截获的问题,提出了一种猝发的混合扩频水声隐蔽通信方式,该方法通过在时间上随机的发送脉冲混合调制扩频信号来降低截获概率,而且可以比较灵活的通过调整平均占空比来满足不同隐蔽性的要求,但是该隐蔽性是以牺牲通信速率为代价的。猝发信号中混合了二进制相位键控(BPSK)、循环移位键控(CSK)和多进制频移键控(MFSK)扩频调制方式,采用自同步和时频二维搜索算法实现码元和载波同步。通过仿真分析了猝发通信系统的隐蔽性能和多途信道下的误码性能,并且通过了南海海试验证了算法的性能,在5 km的通信距离上,4 kHz的带宽内,单个脉冲信号的通信速率可以达到317 bps,误码率达到10-3以下。      

基于三种调制模式下的turbo码光无线通信系统分析

从分析大气对光无线通信系统的影响出发,研究了大气信道特性,建立了大气信道信噪比和能见度的关系.为降低系统误码率,提出了基于OOK、BPSK、BPPM三种调制模式的turbo码的编码方案,推导出三种不同方案对应的turbo码迭代MAP算法.应用建立的信噪比关系,分析和计算了基于三种不同方案的系统的误码率.结果表明,基于BPSK的turbo码系统比OOK和BPPM系统的信噪比降低约3dB,且在高的信噪比情况下,BPSK系统能显著降低系统的误码率.因此,基于BPSK的turbo码方案较适合光无线通信系统.     

循环移位扩频水声通信

针对常规直接序列扩频水声通信数据传输速率低及M元扩频水声通信接收机复杂度高的问题,基于扩频序列优良的相关特性,提出循环移位扩频水声通信方法.在发射端,根据输入信息对基本波形进行循环移位编码;在接收端,利用快速相关技术进行时延估计及译码.进行了中远程湖上实验研究,在15 km距离,2 kHz带宽内,总数据传输速率可达438 bit/s, 误码率为10^-2—10^-5.实验结果表明该方法具有带宽利用率高、复杂度低的特点,适用于中远程及多用户水声通信. 关键词： 水声通信 扩频 循环移位 时延估计     

基于低密度奇偶校验码的MPPM比特符号映射及系统性能研究

建立了基于低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码和多脉冲位置调制(MPPM)的无线光通信系统模型,给出了相应系统模型下的解码算法,研究了(m,2)MPPM的比特符号映射方式,提出了用改进的遗传算法(GA)搜索的优化映射方法,最后在大气湍流信道下进行了仿真。仿真结果表明基于LDPC码和MPPM的无线光通信系统性能明显优于未编码的MPPM系统,结合LDPC码和多光束发射技术可以提高系统抗强大气湍流影响的能力;通过GA优化的映射方法在不增加系统复杂性的情况下能进一步提高系统的纠错性能,可以获得更大的编码增益。