Comparative testing of the flammability of upholstery textiles

Flash ignition temperatures of upholstery textiles were measured with a modified derivatograph, and the TG, DTG, DTA and T curves were also recorded. The results obtained with the newly-developed system were compared with those of the ASTM D 1929 test procedure and with the simultaneously recorded thermal analysis curves.

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Zusammenfassung Der Flammpunkt von Upholstery-Textilien wurde mittels eines modifizierten Derivatographen gemessen. TG-, DTG-, DTA- und T-Kurven wurden registriert. Die mit diesem neuentwickelten System erhaltenen Ergebnisse wurden mit den nach dem ASTM D 1929 Testverfahren erhaltenen und mit den simultan registrierten thermoanalytischen Kurven verglichen.

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, -, -, - -. , ASTM 1929 .

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Paper presented at the World Conference on Thermal Analysis, Madeira (Portugal), 1986.     

Studies of vapor phase synthesis of pyridine bases on non-steady state catalysts

The reaction of NH₃ with R–CHO (R=CH₃, Ph) has been studied. Experimental data and parameters of the laboratory catalytic reactor are reported.

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NH₃ c R–CHO(R=CH₃, Ph). .

     

Study of hydrogen adsorption on iridium catalysts

The influence of dispersity on hydrogen adsorption on Ir black and Ir/C catalysts has been studied. It is shown that supported iridium reduces the heat of hydrogen adsorption as compared to Ir black. With decreasing catalyst dispersity, the amount of weakly bound hydrogen increases, while its adsorption heat decreases on all Ir catalysts.

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Ir- Ir/C-. , Ir-. C , Ir-.

     

Neue Reagentien zum papierchromatographischen Nachweis von Aminosäuren, 3. Mitt.: Reaktionen des 1,8-Trimethylenchinisatins mit primären Aminoverbindungen

Zusammenfassung 1,8-Trimethylenchinisatin-hydrat (TMCH) reagiert mit Aminosäuren zum farblosen Bis-(2-oxo-4-hydroxy-1,8-trimethylen-1,2-dihydro-3-chinolinyl)-amin (2). Da2 bei der Dehydrierung in das Farbsalz5 übergeht, welches eine dem Ruhemann-Purpur analoge Struktur aufweist, ergeben sich neuartige Aspekte zur Deutung des Mechanismus der Ninhydrin-Reaktion.

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1.8-Trimethylenequinisatin hydrate (TMCH) reacts with amino acids yielding the colorless bis-(2-oxo-4-hydroxy-1.8-trimethylene-1.2-dihydro-3-quinolyl)-amine (2). Upon dehydrogenation of2 the dye salt5 is obtained. Because of the close relationship between5 and Ruhemann's purple a re-interpretation of the mechanism of the ninhydrin reaction could be made.

     

Investigation of the redox properties of polynuclear “ladder” complexes containing Cr,Mn, and Fe

The redox potentials of new Cr, Mn, and Fe polynuclear ladder complexes, (⁵-Cp)Fe(CO)₂(¹,⁵-C₅H₄)Fe(CO)₂(¹,⁵-C₅H₄)Mn(CO)₃, (⁵-Cp)Fe(CO)₂(¹,⁵-C₅H₄)Mn(CO)₃, (⁵-Cp)Fe(CO)₂(¹,⁶-Ph)Cr(CO)₃, (⁵-Cp)Fe(CO)₂(¹,⁵-C₅H₄)Fe(CO)₂CH₂Ph, (⁵-Cp)Fe(CO)₂(¹,⁶-CH₂Ph)Cr(CO)₃, were measured and the mechanism of their electrochemical oxidation and reduction was suggested. It was shown that the - or -bonds of the bridging ligand can be cleaved selectively by applying cathodic or anodic potentials, respectively. On the basis of the obtained electrochemical data, a mechanism is suggested for the rearrangement observed when the complexes are metallated by butyllithium.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 362–366, February, 1995.This work was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No 94-03-08628a).     

Thermal stabilities of new complexes of magnesium nitrate,acetate and phosphate with amide ligands

The thermal decompositions of complex compounds of magnesium nitrate, acetate and phosphate with urea, acetamide and formamide ligands were investigated by means of simultaneous TG-DTA. The thermal stabilities of the complexes depend on the natures of the anions and the amide ligands.

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Zusammenfassung Die thermische Zersetzung der Komplexverbindungen von Magnesiumnitrat-,acetat und -phosphat mit Harnstoff, Acetamid und Formamid wurden durch simultane TG-DTA untersucht. Die thermische Stabilität der Komplexe hängt von den Anionen des Salzes und den Amidliganden ab.

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-,- , . , .

     

Self-Consistent Calculation of Activity Coefficients and the Diffusion Layer Capacitance in Asymmetric Electrolytes

It is shown that substituting activities of individual ions for their concentrations in the equation for the ionic strength of solution substantially extends application of the first approximation of the Debye–Hückel theory for electrolytes of different valence. The obtained relationship predicts a changeover from the square root law in the charge region where the average distance between ions lis smaller than the ionic-atmosphere thickness 1/, to the cube root law, at l> 1/. The increasing deviation from experimental data upon going from LaCl₃solutions to La₂(SO₄)₃is attributed to the formation of ionic pairs LaSO₄ ⁺.     

Change of selectivity of butadiene oxidation due to zeolitic support for phosphorus-vanadium catalyst

The effect of the OH groups of the zeolites HY, HZSM-5 and HZSM-11 on the selective behavior of the supported active component P–V–O (P/V=1) in the oxidation of butadiene is characterized in detail and discussed. It was shown that the change in the selectivity was caused by the interaction of the pure component with the protondonor centres of zeolite: on this type of catalysts with the supported active component only furan and not maleic anhydride is formed as a product.

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OH- HY, HZSM-5 HZSM-11 P–V–O (P/V=1) . , - : , .

     

2-Amino-4-[2-(5-nitro-furyl)vinyl]thiazole and its derivatives

The reactions of 4-bromo-1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)but-1-en-3-one and its 2-methyl and 2-chloro derivatives with thiourea and its N-allyl and N-phenyl derivatives have yielded 2-amino-4-[-5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl]thiazole and its - and N-substituted derivatives. 2-Amino-4-[-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]thiazole and its -methyl derivative have also been prepared by the direct reaction of the corresponding , -unsaturated ketones with bromine and an excess of thiourea in chloroform, as was shown by a comparison of UV spectra. A series of N-acyl derivatives of the aminothiazoles has been obtained. UV and IR spectra are given.     

Investigation of the effects of diethylene glycol on the hydration of C3S and C3A pastes

The effects of diethylene glycol on the hydration characteristics of tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate pastes were studied. Diethylene glycol acts as a retarder in the hydration of C₃S, and as an accelerator in the hydration of C₃A. The amount of Ca(OH)₂ found in pastes of C₃S treated with diethylene glycol was lower, the induction period increased and the formation of hydrates was retarded. For C₃A pastes, hydration in the presence of diethylene glycol accelerated the formation of the hexagonal aluminate hydrates and promoted the conversion to the cubic form.

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Zusammenfassung Der Einfluss von Diethylenglykol auf die Hydratation von Tricalciumsilicat- (C₃S) und Tricalciumaluminat- (C₃A) -Pasten wurde untersucht. Diethylenglykol verzögert die Hydratation des C₃S und beschleunigt die des C₃A.In C₃S-Proben, die mit Diethylenglykol hydratisiert wurden, ist der Gehalt an Ca(OH)₂ geringer, die Induktionsperiode länger und die Bildung von Hydraten verzögert. In C₃A-Pasten wird in Gegenwart von Diethylenglykol die Bildung des hexagonalen Calciumaluminathydrats beschleunigt und seine Umwandlung in die kubische Form begünstigt.

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. , . , , , , , . .

     

Investigation of propylene oxidation on multicomponent a Bi-and Mo-based oxide catalyst

It has been established that porpylene oxidation to acrolein on a multicomponent oxide catalyst containing Mo, Bi, Fe, Ni, Co, K, P and SiO₂ follows an alternating oxidation-reduction mechanism and involves the participation of lattice oxygen with the bond energy of about 280 kJ/mol.

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, Mo, Bi, Fe, Ni, Co, K, P SiO₂ 280 /.

     

Synthesis of pyrrolidines,pyrrolines, and pyrroles

As compounds of potential physiological activity, new sulfamide derivatives, Schiffs bases derived from N-arylpyrrolines, are obtained by reacting sulfanilamide, 2-(p-aminobenzenesulfamide) thiazole, 2-(p-aminobenzenesulfamido)-pyrimidine, and 1-phenyl-3-ethyl-4-methyl-5-(p-aminobenzenesulfamido) pyrazole with -(2-chloroethyl)--chlorocrotonaldehyde.For Part XIV see [1].     

Study of the heterogeneous decomposition of tertiary-butyl alcohol and di-tertiary-butyl peroxide on SiO2 by temperature programmed desorption

In the study of the interaction of tertiary-butyl alcohol and di-tertiary-butyl peroxide with SiO₂ treated with KCl by means of temperature programmed desorption, pulsation desorption (oscilatory behavior) is observed.

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- - SiO₂, KCl - , ( ).

     

Structure of ulososide A,a new triterpenoid glycoside from theUlosa sp. sponge

A new triterpenoid glycoside, (20S,22S,23R,24S)-3,22,23-trihydroxy-3-O-[O-(-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-(16)-(-D-glucopyranosyl)]-14-nor-24-methyllanost-8(9)-en-31-oic acid (ulososide A), has been isolated from the sponge Ulosa sp. and characterized.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1326–1329, July, 1994.     

Kinetics of thermal decomposition of MCO3 to MO (M=Ca,Sr and Ba)

The kinetics of the thermal decompositions of CaCO₃, SrCO₃ and BaCO₃ into their oxides were studied by thermogravimetry at constant and linearly increasing temperatures. The kinetics of the isothermal decompositions of calcium and strontium carbonates were described by the lawR _n =1–(1–)^1/n , wheren=1.8 and 1.2, respectively. The kinetics of the non-isothermal decompositions of the two carbonates, analysed by the Ozawa and Coats-Redfern methods, were in keeping with the isothermal kinetics. True kinetic compensation laws were established for each decomposition of the two carbonates, including the data under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.As concerns the decompositions of BaCO₃, however, there was some difference between the kinetic features relating the isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. A true kinetic compensation law was not established in this case.

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Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der thermischen Zersetzung von CaCO₃, SrCO₃ und BaCO₃ zu den Oxiden wurden durch Thermogravimetrie bei konstanter und linear ansteigender Temperatur untersucht. Die Kinetik der isothermen Zersetzung von Calcium- und Strontium-carbonat folgt dem GesetzR _n =1–(1 –)^1/n, won=1,8 bzw. 1,2. Die Kinetik der nichtisothermen nach den Methoden von Ozawa und Coats-Redfern analysierten Zersetzung der zwei Carbonate ist in Übereinstimmung mit der isothermen Zersetzung. Wahre kinetische Kompensationsgesetze wurden für die Zersetzung der beiden Carbonate erhalten, einschließlich der sich sowohl auf isotherme als auch auf nichtisotherme Bedingungen beziehenden Daten. Was die Zersetzung von Bariumcarbonat betrifft, so wurden einige Unterschiede im kinetischen Verhalten bei der Zersetzung unter isothermen und nichtisothermen Bedingungen festgestellt. Ein wahres kinetisches Kompensationsgesetz konnte in diesem Falle nicht ermittelt werden.

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, . R _n =1–(1–)^1/n , , , 1,8 1,2. , -, . « » , . , , . - «» .

     

The use of temperature to simplify formose sugar composition

Form ose reaction, the Ca(OH)₂ catalyzed condensation of HCHO to a complex mixture of sugars, does not lose its autocatalytic nature at 98°C. The induction period is 15 sec, and then, at 18% total HCHO conversion, there was a period of approximately 3 sec duration in which the reaction had produced C₆ sugars at 84.3 wt.% selectivity. Glucose amounted to 90% of those sugars, and no branched sugars were detected. Conversion was complete within 3 min. The simple nature of the product was lost at lower temperatures or higher conversions.

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— HCHO, Ca(OH)₂, 98°C. 15 , 38%- HCHO 3 , C₆ 84,3 . %. 90%, . 3- . .

     

The direction of elimination in the pyrolysis kinetics of 3-bromobutyronitrile

The gas phase elimination of 3-bromobutyronitrile, examined in a static system and seasoned vessel, follows a first-order rate law. The reaction in the temperature range of 370.0–420.1°C and pressure range of 54–198 torr, is homogeneous and unimolecular. The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient is given by the equation: log k₁ (s^–1)=(13.74±0.25)–(213.7±3.2) kJ mol^–1 (2.303RT)^–1. The cyano substituent has been found to retard the elimination process through its electronwithdrawing resonance effect. Most of the dehydrobromination product is cis-trans-crotonitrile, while very little of allyl cyanide is obtained. This result is rationalized in terms of electronic factors.

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3- , . . 370,0–420,1°C 54–198 . : log k₁ (cek^–1)=(13,74±0,25)–(213,7±3,2)(/)×(2,303 RT)^–1. - . --, . .

     

Synthesis of high-silicon zeolites in bialkaline systems

Rubidium and cesium zeolites (SiO₂Al₂O₃=4–9.2) of the faujasite, chabazite, erionite, offretite, phillipsite and pollucite type, L-zeolites as well as ZKF-2, ZKF-8 and ZKF-18 of unknown structure have been obtained. Their pore size is 4–10 Å and their thermostability is 1073–1223 K, which permits to use these zeolites as catalyst components.

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, , , , , , L, -2 -8 (SiO₂Al₂O₃=4–9,2). 4–10 Å 1073–1223 K, .

     

Adsorption of carbon monoxide and oxygen on Pt(110)

Adsorption of CO and O₂ on Pt(110) was studied by XPS, LEED and TDS methods to elucidate the role of O_ads states and structural rearrangements of the surface under the action of CO_ads in the appearance of self-oscillations in the rate of CO oxidation on Pt(110).

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, CO O₂ Pt(110) O CO CO Pt(110).