三阶广义梁理论及其计算方法

一阶广义梁理论描述通过运用加入弯曲、扭转和畸变函数的普通非耦合微分方程组解决棱柱状结构行为.二阶广义梁理论,是添加上偏离力效果的微分方程. 通过引入纵向膜弯矩和膜剪应变虚功到广义梁理论系统当中,完全展开的三阶广义梁方程组将以一串大型离散迭代函数且能转化为可用于数值分析的若干切线刚度矩阵形式出现. 通过膜应力派生出三阶分项ijrkv_σ和ijrkv_τ并结合先进数值技术寻求全解,三阶广义梁理论提供了一种严谨和高效的数值工具用于调查薄壁结构后屈曲大变形行为.      

GBT pre-buckling and buckling analyses of thin-walled members under axial and transverse loads

This paper presents an analytical approach for pre-buckling and buckling analyses of thin-walled members implemented within the framework of the Generalised Beam Theory (GBT). With the proposed GBT cross-sectional analysis, the set of deformation modes used in the analysis is represented by the dynamic modes obtained for an unrestrained frame representing the cross-section. In this manner, it is possible to account for the deformability of the cross-section in both pre-buckling and buckling analyses. Different loading conditions, including both axial and transverse arrangements, are considered in the applications to highlight under which circumstances the use of the GBT deformation modes is required for an adequate representation of the pre-buckling and buckling response. The numerical results have been validated against those determined using a shell element model developed in the finite element software ABAQUS.     

Buckling behaviour of elliptical cylindrical shells and tubes under compression

This paper presents several issues that characterize the buckling behaviour of elliptical cylindrical shells and tubes under compression. First, a formulation of Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) developed to analyse the elastic buckling behaviour of non-circular hollow section (NCHS) members is presented. Since the radius varies along the cross-section mid-line, the main concepts involved in the determination of the deformation modes are adapted to account for the specific aspects related to elliptical cross-section geometry. After that, two independent sets of fully orthogonal deformation modes are determined: (i) local-shell modes satisfying the null membrane shear strain but exhibiting transverse extension and (ii) shell-type modes satisfying both assumptions of null membrane shear strain and null transverse extension. In order to illustrate the application, capabilities and versatility of the formulation, the local and global buckling behaviour of elliptical hollow section (EHS) members subjected to compression is analysed. In particular, in-depth studies concerning the influence of member length on the variation of the critical load and corresponding buckling mode shape are presented. Moreover, the GBT results are compared with estimates obtained by means of shell finite element analyses and are thoroughly discussed. The results show that short to intermediate length cylinders buckle mostly in local-shell modes, exhibiting only transverse extension, while intermediate length to long cylinders buckle mostly in shell-type modes (distortional and global modes), which are characterized by transverse bending and primary warping displacements. It is also shown that the present formulation is very efficient from the computational point of view since only three deformation modes (one local-shell, one distortional and one global) are required to evaluate the buckling behaviour of EHS cylinders for a wide range of lengths.     

A FULLY NONLINEAR BOUSSINESQ MODELFOR WAVE PROPAGATION BASED ON MUSTA SCHEME

建立了求解二维全非线性布氏（Boussinesq）水波方程的有限差分/有限体积混合数值格式. 针对守恒形式的控制方程,采用有限体积方法并结合 MUSTA格式计算数值通量, 剩余项则采用有限差分方法求解, 采用具有总变差减小（totalvariation diminishing, TVD）性质的三阶龙格-库塔法进行时间积分.该格式具备间断捕捉、程序实现简单、数值稳定性强、海岸动边界以及波浪破碎处理方便和可调参数少等优点.利用典型算例对数值模型进行了验证,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好.     

USING LAPLACE TRANSFORM TO SOLVE THE VISCOELASTIC WAVE PROBLEMS IN THE SHPB EXPERIMENTS

对分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB) 实验中试件的黏弹性波传播的控制方程组进行Laplace 变换,并结合恰当的初始-边界条件求解,得到变换域的应力、速度、应变等变量的像函数的精确表达式. 采用该方法处理SHPB 实验中涉及黏弹性试件内部应力非均匀性问题,并给出数值反变换解. 作为特例,对于弹性试件分别采用级数展开法和留数定理进行反Laplace 变换,从而给出弹性夹层介质中应力波传播问题的解析解.     

基于模态分解的轴对称超声速射流啸声产生位置数值分析

不完全膨胀超声速射流的势核中会产生准周期的激波栅格结构, 其与剪切层内拟序结构的相互作用会产生激波噪声. 啸声是主要向上游方向传播的、具有离散频率的高强度激波噪声, 其产生是受一种非线性的声反馈环机制驱动. 精确定位啸声的声源位置是定量理解啸声反馈环机制和发展准确的啸声预测模型的一个关键所在. 为了分析近场啸声, 本文采用高精度数值方法直接求解轴对称可压缩Navier-Stokes方程, 数值模拟了完全膨胀射流马赫数为1.10和1.15的圆形声速喷管欠膨胀超声速冷射流, 得到了A₁和A₂两种轴对称模态啸声. 通过傅里叶模态分解、本征模态分解和动态模态分解, 分析了射流时序压力场和速度场, 研究了啸声关联拟序流动结构的空间演化, 精确定位了轴对称模态啸声的声源位置. 研究表明: 啸声关联拟序流动结构存在饱和态区域, 啸声声波是在其饱和态区域产生并向外传播; 在本文所涉及的射流马赫数范围内, A₁和A₂两种轴对称模态啸声的有效声源位置分别是在第4和第3个激波栅格结构的尾缘.      

A theoretical analysis of piezoelectric/composite laminate with larger-amplitude deflection effect,Part II: Hermite differential quadrature method and application

Incorporating the effects of larger-amplitude deflection and electro-elastical properties of piezoelectric lamina, the Hamilton’s variation principle was used to deduce the fundamental formulations of smart anisotropic composite plate in Part I in terms of Reddy’s simple higher-order theory. In order to solve the five highly coupled nonlinear partial differential equations with complicated overlapping boundary conditions, a novel numerical method-Hermite differential quadrature (HDQ) method was developed to implement the differential equations with complicated overlapping boundary conditions. Based on the presently developed HDQ method, any orders derivatives of the unknown functions or any boundary conditions can be point-collocation-based discretized by a set of point-values along x- and y-direction. Then, a system of complete algebraic nonlinear equations can be constructed to calculate out the final point-values of the mid-plane displacements by using the governing equations and relative boundary conditions with HDQ method. Finally, some detailed numerical examples for the anisotropic piezoelectric/composite laminate with the distributed poling directions of piezoelectric layer and fiber orientations of composite layers were studied to validate the developed theoretical analysis model and HDQ numerical method.     

General steady-state solutions for transversely isotropic thermoporoelastic media in three dimensions and its application

This paper presents a set of 3D general solutions for thermoporoelastic media for the steady-state problem. By introducing two displacement functions, the equations governing the elastic, pressure and temperature fields are simplified. The operator theory and superposition principle are then employed to express all the physical quantities in terms of two functions, one of which satisfies a quasi–Laplace equation and the other satisfies a differential equation of the eighth order. The generalized Almansi's theorem is used to derive the displacements, pressure and temperature in terms of five quasi-harmonic functions for various cases of material characteristic roots. To show its practical significance, an infinite medium containing a penny-shaped crack subjected to mechanical, pressure and temperature loads on the crack surface is given as an example. A potential theory method is employed to solve the problem. One integro-differential equation and two integral equations are derived, which bear the same structures to those reported in literature. For a penny-shaped crack subjected to uniformly distributed loads, exact and complete solutions in terms of elementary functions are obtained, which can serve as a benchmark for various kinds of numerical codes and approximate solutions.     

A NEW SEMI-ANALYTIC ALGORITHM OF NEARLY SINGULAR INTEGRALS IN HIGH ORDER BOUNDARY ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF 3D POTENTIAL

分析了三维边界元法高阶曲面单元几何特征,定义接近度来表征源点与积分单元的接近程度.利用源点在积分单元上的垂足点建立局部极坐标系,构造与几乎奇异积分核函数具有相同奇异性的近似函数.从奇异积分核函数中扣除其近似函数,分离出积分核中主导的奇异函数部分,将奇异积分分解为规则核函数和奇异核函数两项积分.规则核函数积分应用常规Gauss数值积分计算,奇异核函数积分在局部极坐标系ρθ下分离积分变量ρ和θ,对ρ积分建立解析计算列式,对θ积分应用常规Gauss数值积分计算,从而对三维位势问题高阶边界单元几乎强奇异和几乎超奇异积分建立一种新的半解析算法.给出了若干温度场算例,采用边界元法高阶单元几乎奇异积分半解析法计算了近边界内点位势和位势梯度,并与线性单元正则化算法计算结果对比,结果证明提出的半解析法计算几乎奇异面积分和薄壁结构更加高效.     

ON SHOALING PROPERTY OF A SET OFFOURTH DISPERSIVE BOUSSINESQ MODEL

Boussinesq 类水波模型在港口、海岸以及海洋工程领域应用广泛,但以前对这类模型的变浅性能的研究不够充分. 针对Madsen 和Schäffer 提出的一组四阶Boussinesq 方程,从理论和数值两个方面对这一问题进行了探讨. 理论分析了其变浅性能,指出该文献中参数α₂ 和β₂ 的取值是不合理的,并重新确定其取值. 在交错网格下建立了基于混合4 阶Adams-Bashforth-Moulton 格式的预报-校正数值模型. 数值模拟了两个典型算例： 一是缓变平坡地形上波浪的传播变形,二是波浪在淹没梯形潜堤上的波浪演化过程. 计算结果分别与解析结果、物理模型实验结果进行了比较,发现变浅系数的取值对数值结果影响很大,新参数比原文参数模拟结果的吻合程度更高,这佐证了理论分析.     

On the relationship of the shear deformable Generalized Beam Theory with classical and non-classical theories

The possibility to establish clear relationships between the results of the Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) and those of the classical beam theories is a crucial issue for a correct theoretical positioning of the GBT within the other existing beam theories as well as for the application of the GBT in the current engineering practice. With this in mind, the recovery of classical and non-classical beam theories within the framework of the GBT is presented in this paper. To this purpose, a new formulation of the GBT with shear deformation is conceived. Particularly, the formulation recently proposed by the authors is here modified by introducing new definitions of the kinematic parameters and of the generalized deformations, and extended to the dynamic case. Firstly, it is shown that a suitable choice of the flexural deformation modes allows recovering the Vlasov beam theory, both with and without shear deformation. Also, the analytical solution of the non-uniform torsion problem with shear deformation is given. Then, the recovery of the Capurso beam theory using the nonlinear warping deformation modes is illustrated.     

On rubber disks under rotation or axisymmetric stretching

The governing equations for a class of axisymmetric problems under large elastic deformation, concerned with a circular rubber disk with body force as well as non-uniform initial thickness, are formulated in terms of two coupled first-order ordinary differential equations with explicit derivatives. The following two problems subjected to different boundary conditions are solved: (a) Rotating disks with uniform initial thickness (b) Circular disks with non-uniform initial thickness under axisymmetric stretching at the outer boundary. In problem (b), the rubber disk whose initial thickness contour is h₀ = crⁿ (where c and n are any constants), or whose final thickness is a constant, is considered. Highly elastic materials with a Mooney strain-energy function are used for numerical calculations.     

Stress state of compound polygonal plate

The constructions made of bars and plates with holes, openings and bulges of various forms are widely used in modern industry. By loading these structural elements with different efforts, there appears concentration (accumulation) of stress whose values sometimes exceeds the admissible one. The durability of the given element is defined according to the quantity of these stresses. Since the failure of details and construction itself begins from the place where the stress concentration has the greatest value.

Therefore the exact determination of stress distribution in details (bars, plates, beams) is of great scientific and practical interest and is one of the important problems of the solid fracture.

Compound details (when the nucleus of different material is soldered to the hole) are often used to decrease the stress concentration.

In the present paper, we study a stress–strain state of polygonal plate weakened by a central elliptic hole with two linear cracks info which a rigid nucleus (elliptic cylinder with two linear bulges) of different material was put in (soldered) without preload.

The problem is solved by a complex variable functions theory stated in papers [Theory of Elasticity, Higher School, Moscow, 1976, p. 276; Plane Problem of Elasticity Theory of Plates with Holes, Cuts and Inclusions, Publishing House Highest School, Kiev, 1975, p. 228; Bidimensional Problem of Elasticity Theory, Stroyizdat, Moscow, 1991, p. 352; Science, Moscow (1996) 708; MSB AH USSR OTH 9 (1948) 1371].

Kolosov–Mushkelishvili complex potential (z) and ψ(z) satisfying the definite boundary conditions are sought in the form of sums of functional series.

After making several strict mathematical transformations, the problem is reduced to the solution of a system of linear algebraic equations with respect to the coefficients of expansions of functions (z) and ψ(z).

Determining the values of (z) and ψ(z), we can find the stress components σ_r, σ_θ and τ_rθ at any point of cross-section of the plate and nucleus on the basis of the known formulae. The obtained solution is illustrated by numerical example.

Changing the parameters A₁, m₁, e, A₂, and m₂ we can get the various contour plates.

For example, if we assume m₁=0, A₁=r, then the internal contour of L₁ becomes the circle of radius r with two rectilinear cracks (for the nucleus––a rectilinear bulges).

Further, if we assume a small semi-axis of the ellipse b₁ to be equal to zero (b₁=0), then a linear crack becomes the internal contour of L₁ (and the nucleus becomes the linear rigid inclusion made of other material). For m₂=0; A₂=R, the external contour L₂ turns into the circle of radius R.

The obtained method of solution may be applied and in other similar problems of elasticity theory; tension of compound polygonal plate, torsion and bending of compound prismatic beams, etc.     

THE TRANSVERSE NONLINEAR FREE VIBRATION AND THE BUCKLING OF A COMPRESSIVE BAR ON AN ELASTIC FOUNDATION

基于Hamilton 原理,运用假设时间模态法,得到了弹性基础上压杆的横向非线性自由振动与屈曲的位移型常微分控制方程. 考虑一端固定另一端可移简支边界条件,采用打靶法得到了结构第一至第三阶结构频率与一阶屈曲载荷的数值结果. 结果表明：随轴心压力增加,结构频率减小;随弹性基础刚度增加,结构频率与屈曲载荷均增加;弹性基础刚度对结构频率的影响随振型阶数增加在减小;在小振幅的情形下,不同振型对一阶屈曲载荷的影响很小.     

Exact static analysis of a rotating piezoelectric spherical shell

This paper gives an exact analysis of a rotating piezoelectric spherical shell with arbitrary thickness. At first, three displacement functions are introduced to simplify the basic equations of a spherically isotropic, piezoelectric medium. By expanding the displacement functions as well as the electric potential in terms of spherical harmonics, the basic equations of equilibrium are converted to an uncoupled Euler type, second order ordinary differential equation and a coupled system of three second order ordinary differential equations. A general solution to the homogeneous equations of equilibrium is then derived. The static analysis of a rotating spherical shell is then performed and numerical example is presented. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, and the Japanese Committee of Culture, Education and Science.     

Finite element formulation of slender structures with shear deformation based on the Cosserat theory

This paper addresses the derivation of finite element modelling for nonlinear dynamics of Cosserat rods with general deformation of flexure, extension, torsion, and shear. A deformed configuration of the Cosserat rod is described by the displacement vector of the deformed centroid curve and an orthogonal moving frame, rigidly attached to the cross-section of the rod. The position of the moving frame relative to the inertial frame is specified by the rotation matrix, parameterised by a rotational vector. The shape functions with up to third order nonlinear terms of generic nodal displacements are obtained by solving the nonlinear partial differential equations of motion in a quasi-static sense. Based on the Lagrangian constructed by the Cosserat kinetic energy and strain energy expressions, the principle of virtual work is employed to derive the ordinary differential equations of motion with third order nonlinear generic nodal displacements. A cantilever is presented as a simple example to illustrate the use of the formulation developed here to obtain the lower order nonlinear ordinary differential equations of motion of a given structure. The corresponding nonlinear dynamical responses of the structures are presented through numerical simulations using the MATLAB software. In addition, a MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) device is presented. The developed equations of motion have furthermore been implemented in a VHDL-AMS beam model. Together with available models of the other components, a netlist of the device is formed and simulated within an electrical circuit simulator. Simulation results are verified against Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results for this device.     

THE MESHLESS SOLUTION FOR BENDING ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED BEAMS

利用全局薄板样条径向基配点法分析了功能梯度梁的弯曲问题,径向基函数的形状参数对近似精度有很大的影响,而薄板样条径向基函数的形状参数选取比其他径向基函数要容易. 利用高阶剪切变形理论推导了控制微分方程,将该文的计算结果与已有参考文献中的结果进行了对比,以验证该文方法的精度.     

INTERACTION MODEL OF THE ENCLOSED AIR AND THE OUTER MEMBRANE

将充气膜结构内充气体假定为势流,推导得到速度势表示的内充气体小幅波动方程,并采用Galerkin法离散得到内充气体的有限元动力学方程。引入界面协调条件,建立了内充气体结点速度势与外部膜材结点位移的关系,然后联立薄膜动力方程和气体动力学方程得到充气膜系统内充气体与外部膜材的共同作用理论模型。在该理论模型基础上,建立了两类典型充气结构的数值模型进行分析,通过将数值结果与试验结果对比,验证了共同作用理论模型的准确性和合理性。     

MOLECULAR SIMULATION OF DRIVEN CAVITY FLOWS WITH HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER

采用扩散信息保存(diffusive information preservation,D-IP)方法计算了雷诺数为10²~10⁴的二维方腔流动. D-IP方法是一种基于扩散运动观点的分子模拟方法, 克服了经典直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法对于时间步长和网格大小的严格限制.在计算中, D-IP方法的时间步长和网格大小分别为分子平均碰撞时间和平均自由程的几十倍乃至几百倍, 所得到的方腔流线分布和旋涡的精细结构, 均与Navier-Stokes方程数值解相符.