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1.
Abstract Experimental investigations of boiling in flow of a refrigeration medium under disturbances typically occurring in refrigeration units are conducted. The development and decay of boiling is stimulated by periodic changes of mass flux density in the coil tube. It is confirmed that the two-phase systems exhibit wave properties and the disturbances generated in the system propagate with finite velocities. An experiment-based correlation to describe the disturbance propagation velocity during the development and decay of boiling in the coil tube is elaborated. The investigations are carried out for an environment-friendly refrigerant R404A supplied under pressure to the heat exchanger. 相似文献
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Abstract The mechanisms of nucleate boiling on the outside of a horizontal tube differ fundamentally from those on a flat plate. In this experimental work the variation of heat transfer coefficient around the periphery of a tube is measured with the aim of clarifying these mechanisms. A specially designed tube is used in which local variations are not masked by conduction through the metal surface. The tube diameter is 27 mm, and the working fluid is R113 under saturated conditions at 1 atm. When there is no imposed velocity the peripheral variations are typically 10–20% with the maximum heat transfer coefficient at the base of the tube. At very low velocity of upward flow ( ? 0.1 m/s) there is a marked change in the variation, with the maximum coefficient occurring at a point about 70° from the base. At higher velocities there is a slight increase in angle to the maximum point with maximum peripheral variations in heat transfer coefficient of around 25%. The variations are explained in terms of nucleate boiling at the base and top and flow boiling at the sides. The thin layer of two-phase bubbly flow at the sides leads to the predominance of heat transfer caused by sliding bubbles aver other mechanisms in this region. The complex mix of mechanisms involved in boiling on tubes implies an inherent limit to the accuracy of predictive correlations. 相似文献
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为研究纳米流体微尺度沸腾传热流阻及压降特性,文中以体积浓度为0.2%的水基Al2O3纳米流体为试验工质,在尺寸为0.6mm×2mm矩形微槽道中进行沸腾传热实验,建立实验模型,分析纳米流体沸腾传热两相摩擦乘子的影响因素及进出口压降组成,并将本实验的两相摩擦压降值与现有理论模型及参数修正后理论模型预测值进行比较。结果显示,在本实验给定的条件下,实验段两相流压降中88.6%为两相摩擦压降。与L-M模型相比,M-H修正模型和Z-M修正模型都能较好地预测实验结果。其中经M-H修正模型能更好地预测本实验的实验值,使得平均误差减小为21.2%,大大降低了原L-M模型的误差。 相似文献
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A closed-loop two-phase mini-channel-based heat sink driven by a micro-gear pump was developed in this work. Using water as an example, experiments were performed in two micro-channel heat sinks under the conditions of initial pressure of Pin = 34–113 kPa, mass velocity of G = 19–468 kg/m2s, outlet quality of xe,out = ?14–66%, and heat flux of q″ = 0–230 W/cm2, which covered single-phase flow, subcooled flow boiling, and saturated flow boiling regions. The results showed distinctive differences between the subcooled and saturated boiling regime and revealed that the influence of the system pressure. The experimental data were also compared to a boiling mechanism demarcation map and assessed against some empirical correlations, which suggests some uniqueness of the current heat sink associated with flow boiling at the mesoscale. 相似文献
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《Revue Generale de Thermique》1997,36(7):562-572
The aim of the present work is to identify the mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement during natural convective boiling in confined spaces. The influences of gap-size (0.3 to 2 mm), of pressure (1 to 3 bar), of heating surface orientation (vertical or horizontal) and that of the number of nucleation sites (no site, single site or several sites) for boiling R-113 in a narrow channel are investigated. Results for unconfined boiling are also presented as a reference. It is shown that latent heat transfer is improved when the bubbles are squeezed against the heated wall. The heat transfer enhancement is greater for a vertical than for a horizontal orientation because the two-phase fluid velocity is increased when the gap-size decreases, which enhances the sensible heat transfer. Finally, the confinement reduces the effect of an increase in pressure, which limits the influence of confinement. Indeed, both parameters lead to contrary effects on the bubble diameter. 相似文献
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气液两相流压力波色散特性实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
设计了可调频式压力扰动源的气液两相流压力波实验装置,实验研究了垂直上升管内气液两相流泡状流、弹状流压力波的色散规律。实验结果表明,对泡状流,在实验范围内,压力波的传播速度及其衰减跟扰动频率有关,随着扰动频率的增加,波速及其衰减都增加;工质的流速对压力波的色散特性没有影响。结合数值模拟结果,验证了泡状流压力波色散特性的临界频率现象,即高于临界频率,压力波色散特性消失,本文分析了相应的物理机制。对弹状流,压力波同样具有典型的色散特性,已有研究结果还不能预测其色散规律。 相似文献
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Bubble dynamics is important in flow boiling of minichannel, and ultrasonic field effects bubble behaviors. However, flow boiling bubble movements in minichannels under ultrasonic field have received little research attention and are still poorly understood. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic field on bubble dynamics are experimentally studied by capturing the bubble motion behaviors of the flow boiling bubbles. The ultrasonic frequencies are set to 23, 28, 32, and 40 kHz. Bubble tracking algorithm, which studies the growth, trajectories, velocities, and traveled distances for bubbles, is created to qualitatively describe bubble motion behavior of flow boiling in minichannel. It is found that after the application of ultrasound, the detachment frequency, velocity, and travel distance of the bubbles significantly increases, and the growth behavior and trajectory are extremely complex, the two-phase gas-liquid flow is extremely unstable. The bubbles gain kinetic energy as the ultrasound frequency increases. Finally, numerical simulations are used to quantitatively investigate the mechanism of bubble motion in microchannels under ultrasonic fields. 相似文献
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A. N. Pavlenko E. A. Tairov V. E. Zhukov A. A. Levin A. N. Tsoi 《Journal of Engineering Thermophysics》2011,20(4):380-406
The paper presents results on experimentally investigated dynamics of boiling development and formation of film boiling zones
under stepwise heat generation on a horizontally and vertically oriented cylindrical surface in a large volume of Freon-21.
Experimental data on the expectation time and boiling temperature, the propagation velocity and structure of evaporation and
boiling fronts for different heat flux density both in saturated liquid and in subcooling conditions are obtained. Results
of experiments on investigating the nucleation forms under development of nonstationary heat release crisis caused by heat
loading on the vertical heater immersed into the volume of liquid (water, ethanol) subcooled to saturation temperature are
presented. A calculation ratio for determining the expectation time to the beginning of intense vaporization in water is proposed
and compared with experimental data obtained on surfaces with different-size roughness. Peculiarities of evolution of evaporation
fronts from incipient bubbles are investigated in the experiments with ethanol. Data on the evaporation front velocity as
a function of wall overheating are obtained. The obtained experimental data on the propagation velocity of self-sustained
evaporation fronts are compared with the known calculated data. 相似文献
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M. Piasecka 《实验传热》2013,26(3):231-255
The results of flow boiling heat transfer in a 1-mm-deep vertical minichannel are presented. The heating element for an FC-72 laminar flow in a minichannel is a single-sided enhanced foil with various depressions; liquid crystal thermography was used for measuring temperature distribution of the foil. The void fraction and vapor quality were determined for some cross-sections of two-phase flow images. Results presented in the form of boiling curves were analyzed. Both typical and untypical shapes of boiling curves were found. The suitability of classical methods of two-phase pressure drop determination using experimental verification was confirmed. 相似文献
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超流氦沸腾过程中的流态测量研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
超流氦的沸腾现象具有一般流体的沸腾现象所没有的特异性质。本文运用粒子示踪法对由不同沸腾状态所引起的流态进行了可视化测量并重构了由沸腾所引起的流态图,同时对沸腾过程中的压力振荡进行了测量;并对过渡沸腾状态出现的两种可能性和机理进行了分析. 相似文献
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风沙运动的DPM数值模拟 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用离散颗粒模型对风沙气固两相流动进行了数值计算.在该模型中,采用体平均的Navier-Stokes方程来描述气相的运动,对离散颗粒采用拉格朗日方法模拟,求解颗粒运动方程.采用硬球模型描述颗粒问碰撞作用.计算结果表明,沙粒平均水平速度廓线在0.02 m以上高度可以表示为按对数函数或幂函数规律增加,在0.02 m以下则发生偏离;在大于0.02 m的高度,输沙通量随高度按指数规律衰减,而在地面附近由于颗粒蠕移的影响发生偏离,这与已有文献结果一致。本文的模拟有助于风沙运动规律的研究与掌握。 相似文献
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流动沸腾系统中,压降振荡是系统不稳定性的主要型式之一。过载条件下流动沸腾压降振荡缺乏研究。本文采用数值仿真方法,对过载条件下管内流动沸腾的压降振荡特性进行了研究。建立了不同重力条件下压降振荡计算的数学模型,基于此,对过载条件下R134a在2.168 mm水平管内的压降振荡进行了仿真分析,得出了1.41 g、3.16 g(g=9.8 m/s^2)过载条件下的压降振荡特性及其引起的流量振荡、流体温度振荡和壁温振荡,并与对常重力(1 g)下的压降振荡特性进行了对比。结果表明,随着重力增加,流动特性N曲线的负斜率段缩短;一定条件下,当过载增加时,系统从稳定状态趋于不稳定状态。 相似文献
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Xue Dong Jie Yang David L.S. Hung Xuesong Li Min Xu 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2019,37(4):4921-4928
Higher engine efficiency and ever stringent pollutant emission regulations are considered as the most important challenges for today's automotive industry. Fast evaporation and combustion technique has caused unprecedented attention due to its potential to solve both of the above challenges. Flash boiling, which features a two-phase flow that constantly generates vapor bubbles inside the liquid spray is ideal to achieve fast evaporation and combustion inside direct-injection (DI) gasoline engines. In this study, three spray conditions, including liquid, transitional flash boiling and flare flash boiling spray were studied for comparison under cold start condition in a spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) optical gasoline engine. Optical access into the combustion chamber includes a quartz linear and a quartz insert on the piston. In separate experiments, we recorded the crank angle resolved spray morphology using laser scattering technique, and distribution of fuel before ignition employing laser induced fluorescence technology, as well as time-resolved color images of flame with high-speed camera. The spray morphology during the intake stroke shows stronger plume-plume and plume-air interaction under flash boiling condition, as well as smaller penetration. Then around the end of compression (before ignition), the fuel distribution is also shown to be more homogeneous with less cyclic variation under flash boiling. Finally, from the color images of the flame, it was found that with the increase of superheat degree, the diffusion rate of blue flame (generated by excited molecules) is higher, which is considered to be related with the larger fractal dimension of the flame front. Also, the combustion is more complete with less yellow flame under flash boiling. 相似文献
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This article describes the results of experimental studies into incipient surface boiling under forced convention of water in an electrically heated helical coil. The experiments were performed at a pressure p = (7-18) MPa, mass velocity ρw = (500-1S00) kg/ m2 s, and heat flux density q = (0.2-0.6) MW/m2. Critical heat fluxes in a helical coil heated nonuniformly on its circumference were investigated. Experimental results indicate that, to a first approximation, the boiling crisis can be calculated using the data for a helical coil heated uniformly on its circumference. 相似文献
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《Heat Recovery Systems and CHP》1991,11(6):533-540
The applications of closed two-phase thermosyphons are increasing in heat recovery systems because of their high effective conductivity. However, their range of application is limited by the need for some minimum temperature difference between the evaporator and condenser sections to initiate nucleate boiling. In the project described, the steady state heat transfer characteristics for vertical two-phase closed thermosyphons at low temperature differences with R11, R22, and water as working fluid were studied experimentally. From these experimental results, the minimum temperature differences required to initiate and sustain boiling in the low temperature thermosyphons have been established for the above working fluids. A method for improving the performance at low temperature difference was devised on the basis of a thermal triggering system. Triggering could also be achieved by mechanical vibration. 相似文献