部分相干圆偏振贝塞耳-高斯光束经高数值孔径透镜的聚焦

研究了部分相干圆偏振贝塞耳一高斯光束经高数值孑L径透镜的聚焦特性.基于德拜矢量积分理论,分别推导出了部分相十圆偏振涡旋光束经过高数值孔径透镜聚焦以后的光强和偏振度表达式.根据数值模拟的结果,比较了左旋和右旋圆偏振涡旋光束的不同深聚焦特性以及相关参量对涡旋光束深聚焦特性的影响.研究表明,入射光束的相关参数和聚焦透镜的数值孔径大小都会影响光束的聚焦特性.此外,还得出一个重要结论,部分相于圆偏振涡旋光束经高数值孔径透镜聚焦以后.光束本身带有的白旋角动晕会转化成轨道角动量,这一研究成果对于利用涡旋光束进行微粒操控等方面应用具有十分重要的意义.     

多孔径激光阵列光束排布模式及误差对相干合成效率影响的研究

多孔径激光阵列相干合束是获得高功率、高亮度激光束的有效方法。为了设计更有效的多孔径激光阵列相干合成系统,主要分析了三光束"品"字形、七光束六角形、十九光束大六角等工程应用中的典型激光阵列排布模式对合成功率的影响,并基于MATLAB模拟了不同阵列排布情况下的激光相干合成情况,讨论光束排列的位置误差、发射光束光轴角度偏移误差以及各个相干合成阵列激光器之间的活塞相位误差对合成效率的影响。结果表明,不同的激光阵排布在观察位置处的光强分布差别很大;各光束之间的角度偏差越小,初始相位差越小,相干合成的效率越高。这些结果将对于指导设计多孔径激光阵列相干合成系统有重要意义。     

轴对称矢量光束聚焦特性研究现状及其应用

轴对称矢量光束是一种空间非均匀偏振光束, 中心光强为零, 经物镜聚焦后能在焦点附近产生空间场分量. 在高变迹系数光学系统成像情况下, 与线偏光、圆偏光相比, 径向偏振光与光瞳滤波技术及图像复原技术结合, 能获得较小焦斑, 提高横向分辨力. 介绍了轴对称矢量光束的特性, 基于电偶极子辐射模型和矢量衍射理论研究了轴对称矢量光束经高数值孔径物镜聚焦后的特性, 系统介绍了基于轴对称矢量光束实现光斑紧聚焦的几种方法, 并简述了轴对称矢量光束在差动共焦超分辨成像领域的研究设想. 关键词： 差动共焦显微技术 紧聚焦 光瞳滤波 轴对称矢量光束     

离轴矢量光束的紧聚焦特性

基于理查德-沃尔夫矢量衍射积分理论,数值研究了离轴矢量光束经过高数值孔径透镜后的紧聚焦特性.通过对比分析偏振奇点离轴的径向、角向矢量光束紧聚焦后,焦点附近的强度和相位分布规律,提出了一种由广义柱矢量光束设计紧聚焦场的方法.此外,通过分析矢量光束自旋分量的聚焦行为和自旋轨道耦合所诱导的自旋角动量分布变化,讨论了偏振奇点离轴对称破缺对高阶矢量光束紧聚焦场空间结构,特别是其自旋角动量空间分布的影响.该研究结果不仅对矢量光场的紧聚焦特性进行了补充,也为改进和完善焦场分布提供了理论参考.     

不同数值孔径下调控矢量光束聚焦场的反向构建

根据电磁辐射理论和矢量光场积分理论,研究了矢量光束聚焦场特性与聚焦透镜数值孔径之间的关系。在透镜焦场区设定电偶极子阵列和磁偶极子阵列,收集其辐射场并反向聚焦,通过调控与优化偶极子阵列参数,反演不同数值孔径透镜下的聚焦光场,获得了聚焦光针场、三维衍射受限光管场随透镜数值孔径的变化规律。研究结果表明,随着数值孔径的减小,光针场的纵向分量纯度、边缘斜率以及光针长度递减,半峰全宽递增,光管场依旧保持纯方位角偏振分布,且中空区域的半峰全宽递增。研究结果对在不同数值孔径下矢量光束聚焦的应用研究具有重要意义。     

紧聚焦条件下相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射信号场的矢量分析

在相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射(coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering,CARS)显微镜中,共线传输的紧聚焦高斯光束激发具有不同形状和尺寸的待测样品所产生的CARS信号场的空间分布决定了整体系统的结构特点.建立了紧聚焦条件下球形样品产生CARS信号场的理论模型.利用矢量波动方程分析了紧聚焦条件下线偏振的高斯光束的光场强度和相位分布.利用格林函数求解该模型中CARS信号场的矢量波动方程,模拟计算得到了不同直径球形样品的远场CARS信号场的空间分布.理论分析和模拟计算结果表明,对于小体积的球形样品,前向和背向传输的CARS信号场强度接近,因此采用大数值孔径物镜背向探测方式即可获得高对比度图像.对于大体积球形样品,CARS信号场的强度大幅增强,且发射方向主要集中在前向的一定立体角内.因此,采用小数值孔径物镜即可有效收集前向传输的CARS信号.     

基于高阶角向偏振拉盖尔高斯涡旋光束强聚焦的三光链结构

依据角向偏振涡旋光束强聚焦有径向分量的结论,修正了角向偏振涡旋光束的强聚焦场公式,重新研究了高阶角向偏振拉盖尔高斯涡旋光束经过衍射光学元件和高数值孔径透镜后的强聚焦特性。结果发现,在焦平面附近获得了新的三维三光链结构(沿着光轴方向的一条三维主光链和对称的两条三维傍轴次光链),详细分析了入射光束缔合拉盖尔多项式的径向模数和光束的拦截比、衍射光学元件结构和聚焦系统的数值孔径对三光链的影响。结果表明,径向模数的改变会破坏三光链结构,通过调控衍射光学元件结构和拦截比可以重新获得对称性更高的三光链结构,从而实现对三光链结构的高自由度调控。     

柱矢量涡旋光束强聚焦特性的修正研究

对现有柱矢量涡旋光束强聚焦公式的不足进行修正,数值模拟了不同拓扑核柱矢量涡旋光束的强聚焦场分布.结果表明:调节偏振旋转角、数值孔径以及遮挡通光孔径可以有效地构造平顶光束与暗通道.调节偏振旋转角能改变涡旋光束径向部分与角向部分的相对强度,实现平顶聚焦;增加孔径遮挡值可以在相对较小的数值孔径下形成平顶光束.当孔径遮挡较大时可以在高数值孔径下实现更窄的暗通道.     

J0相干角向偏振涡旋光束的深聚焦

通过矢量德拜理论,研究了J0相干角向偏振涡旋光束深聚焦的性质。推导了在焦点区域的光强分布、光谱相干度和偏振度的表达式。数值模拟结果表明,光强分布、相干度和偏振度不仅依赖于相干长度和数值孔径最大角,而且依赖于拓扑电荷数。这种光束在焦平面还可获得非常小的焦点和焦洞。     

部分相干矩形阵列光束在自由空间中的谱移

根据广义惠更斯-菲涅尔衍射积分方法,推导出按矩形方式排布的部分相干高斯-谢尔模型阵列光束的光谱传输公式,定量分析了部分相干高斯-谢尔模型阵列光束在自由空间传输时轴上和离轴相对谱移的变化,并详细讨论了阵列参数和子光束的空间相干参数对相对谱移的影响。结果表明,部分相干高斯-谢尔模型阵列光束通过自由空间传输后,其相对谱移与光源处的谱密度、子光束的空间相干参数以及子光束数目和子光束间距等阵列参数有关,其中,阵列参数对相对谱移的影响非常显著。     

The focusing property of vector Bessel-Gauss beams by a high numerical aperture objective

The rich available transverse intensity structure of vector Bessel-Gauss beams make it important to probe into the focusing property by high numerical aperture objective. In this paper, we obtain the analytical expressions of azimuthally, radially and longitudinally polarized components in the focal area of the objective after tight focusing. Theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation show that, the transverse intensity distributions of the focused beams still have doughnut-like structure, two separate peak structure and circularly aligned array structure. The focused beam spots obtained by an objective with annular aperture usually have smaller spots than with circular aperture. The focused beam of the vector Bessel-Gauss beam with lowest mode number m = 0 is a radially and azimuthally polarized doughnut-like beam with no longitudinal component. These properties and results are useful in optical trapping and particle alignment.     

Sharper focal spot below λ/4 of azimuthally polarized illumination phase-encoded by the binary 0/π phase plate

The intensity distribution in the focal region for the azimuthally polarized beam phase-encoded by the binary 0/π phase plate is calculated on the basis of the vector diffraction theory. With the annular pupil aperture employed, the resolution of the focal spot will be improved remarkably. We demonstrate a sharper focal spot with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.223λ (below λ/4), significantly smaller that of linear, circular and radial polarization beam under the same condition. The focusing phenomena for illumination beam with various polarization status and beam shapes are analyzed explicitly. This analysis could have potential applications in confocal microscopy and two-photo microscopy for polarization difference imaging.     

Generation of an axially super-resolved quasi-spherical focal spot using an amplitude-modulated radially polarized beam

An axially super-resolved quasi-spherical focal spot can be generated by focusing an amplitude-modulated radially polarized beam through a high numerical aperture objective. A method based on the unique depolarization properties of a circular focus is proposed to design the amplitude modulation. The generated focal spot shows a ratio of x:y:z=1:1:1.48 for the normalized FWHM in three dimensions, compared to that of x:y:z=1:0.74:1.72 under linear polarization (in the x direction) illumination. Moreover, the focusable light efficiency of the designed amplitude-modulated beam is 65%, which is more than 3 times higher than the optimized case under linear polarization and thus make the amplitude-modulated radial polarization beam more suitable for a wide range of applications.     

Generation and tight-focusing properties of cylindrical vector circular Airy beams

Tight-focusing properties of cylindrical vector circular Airy beams [i.e., azimuthally polarized (AP) circular Airy beam and radially polarized (RP) circular Airy beam] passing through a high numerical aperture thin lens are investigated in detail. It is found that a super long subwavelength dark channel with full width at half maximum about 0.49λ and depth of focus (DOF) about 52λ can be achieved near the focal region for the case of tight focusing of an AP circular Airy beam, and a super long needle with DOF about 27.5λ of strong longitudinally polarized field can be obtained near the focal region for the case of tight focusing of a RP circular Airy beam. Furthermore, we report experimental generation of an AP circular Airy. Our results will be useful for atom guiding and trapping, particle acceleration and fluorescent imaging.     

Study on propagation properties of a radially polarized partially coherent dark hollow beam through a high numerical aperture lens

In recent years the partially coherent beams have attracted very much due to novel properties and its applications. In this paper the tight focusing properties of radially polarized partially coherent dark hollow beam (DHB) through a high numerical aperture lens are investigated numerically based on vectorial Debye theory in detail. The result shows that the optical intensity distribution in the focal region directly fluctuates due to small change in coherence length and high numerical aperture angle of the focused radially polarized partially coherent DHB.     

Intensity control of the focal spot by vectorial beam shaping

A vectorial beam shaping algorithm is presented for the design of a phase-only diffractive optical element to achieve a given target intensity profile in the focal plane under tight focusing conditions. The underlying iterative optimization scheme is based on the Richards-Wolf vectorial diffraction theory and the Gerchberg-Saxton method, and is suitable for an arbitrary incoming polarization distribution, since only the magnitudes of the field vectors in the focal plane are reshaped. The efficiency of the method is numerically demonstrated for flat-top beam shaping examples of linear and circular incoming beam polarizations and square and circular flat-top region shape. A diffraction efficiency of 97.1% and a uniformity error of 4.8% were achieved in the case of focusing a Gaussian input beam onto a 50λ × 50λ square flat-top region with a 1.4-NA lens.     

Tight parabolic dark spot with high numerical aperture focusing with a circular π phase plate

The properties of tight dark focal spot created using a simple circular π phase plate are presented. For focusing elements with low numerical aperture, the focal plane intensity has r⁴ dependence, while for focusing elements with high numerical aperture, vectorial diffraction effects become important, and the focal plane intensity surprisingly approaches r² dependence, indicating a much tighter dark spot.     

Tight focusing of J0-correlated Gaussian Schell-model beam through high numerical aperture

Based on the vectorial Debye diffraction theory, the tight focusing of a linearly polarized J₀-correlated Gaussian Schell-model (JGSM) beam through high numerical aperture (NA) is investigated. The components of intensity distributions as well as the 3D degree of polarization of light at the focal plane are depicted by numerical integrations, respectively. It is shown that intensity distributions as well as the degree of polarization of focused field not only strongly depend on the global correlation length of the JGSM beam but also relate to the focusing parameter of NA. It is also indicated that the weight of the longitudinal intensity component would enhance in the focal plane, as long as either the correlation length of the JGSM beam or the focusing parameter of NA increases.     

Manipulation of the overall polarization orientation in the focal volume of high numerical objectives

We propose an approach for tuning the three-dimensional polarization of a focusing subwavelength spot by a high numerical aperture objective. The incident beams are composed of a radially polarized beam, an azimuthally polarized beam, and a linearly polarized beam with three different weighting factors, respectively. A specially designed adjustable amplitude angular selector is also inserted at the back aperture of the objective for tuning the polarization azimuthally. It is shown that any desired overall polarization orientation can be obtained. We calculated the overall polarization orientation in the focal volume. It is found that the polar angle of the overall polarization orientation can be arbitrarily tuned by the combination of a radially polarized beam and a linearly polarized beam with different weighting factors, and the azimuthal angle can be tuned by rotating the orientation of the linearly polarized beam azimuthally.