TRANSCENDENTAL AND ALGEBRAIC EXTENSIONS OF COMMUTATIVE RINGS

Abstract

Transcendental and algebraic elements over commutative rings are defined. Rings with zero nil radical are considered. For a transcendental over R, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for elements of R[α] to be algebraic or transcendental over R. For R a ring with identity and a finite number of minimal prime ideals, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for any element in a unitary overring of R to be algebraic or transcendental over R. It is proved that if α is algebraic Over R, so is every element of R[α]. It is show that if R is Noetherian, β is algebraic over R[α] and α is algebraic over R, then, under certain conditions, β is algebraic over R. If R has a finite number of minimal prime ideals, P₁,…,P_k, which are pairwise comaximal, then if t is transcendental over R, R[t] can be obtained by adjoining k algebraic elements a_i over R to R whose defining polynomials are in P_i [x], and conversely, if such elements are adjoined to R, they generate an element transcendental over R.     

Dynamic feedback over principal ideal domains and quotient rings

Let R be a principal ideal domain. In this paper we prove that, for a large class of linear systems, dynamic feedback over R is equivalent to static feedback over a quotient ring of R. In particular, when R is the ring of integers Z one has that the static feedback classification problem over finite rings is equivalent to the dynamic feedback classification problem over Z restricted to a special type of system.     

K-Theory of Surfaces at the Prime 2

We prove that for smooth surfaces over real closed fields, and a class of smooth projective surfaces over a real number field, the map between mod 2 algebraic and étale K-theory is an isomorphism in sufficiently large degrees. For a class of smooth projective surfaces over a real closed field, including rational surfaces, complete intersections and K3-surfaces over the real numbers, we explicate the abutment of the mod 2 motivic cohomology to algebraic K-theory spectral sequence.     

The Witt ring of a Brauer–Severi variety

For a Brauer–Severi variety X over a field k of characteristic not two, every symmetric bilinear space over X up to Witt equivalence is defined over k. Received: 2 February 1998     

Quasideterminant Characterization of MDS Group Codes over Abelian Groups

A group code defined over a group G is a subset of Gⁿ which forms a group under componentwise group operation. The well known matrix characterization of MDS (Maximum Distance Separable) linear codes over finite fields is generalized to MDS group codes over abelian groups, using the notion of quasideterminants defined for matrices over non-commutative rings.     

Group Corings

We introduce group corings, and study functors between categories of comodules over group corings, and the relationship to graded modules over graded rings. Galois group corings are defined, and a Structure Theorem for the G-comodules over a Galois group coring is given. We study (graded) Morita contexts associated to a group coring. Our theory is applied to group corings associated to a comodule algebra over a Hopf group coalgebra. This research was supported by the research project G.0622.06 “Deformation quantization methods for algebras and categories with applications to quantum mechanics” from Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen. The third author was partially supported by the SRF (20060286006) and the FNS (10571026).     

A criterion for ample vector bundles over a curve in positive characteristic

Let X be a smooth projective curve defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a vector bundle over X to be ample. This generalizes a criterion given by Lange in [Math. Ann. 238 (1978) 193-202] for a rank two vector bundle over X to be ample.     

Lifting independence results in bounded arithmetic

We investigate the problem how to lift the non - - conservativity of over to the expected non - - conservativity of over , for . We give a non-trivial refinement of the “lifting method” developed in [4,8], and we prove a sufficient condition on a -consequence of to yield the non-conservation result. Further we prove that Ramsey's theorem, a - formula, is not provable in , and that - conservativity of over implies - conservativity of the whole over , for any . Received: 3 April 1997     

Algebraic models defined over Q of differential manifolds

Here we prove that every compact differential manifold has a smooth algebraic model defined over Q. In dimension 2 we find an algebraic model (may be singular) defined over Q and birational over Q to the projective plane.     

On the number of curves of genus 2 over a finite field

In this paper we compute the number of curves of genus 2 defined over a finite field k of odd characteristic up to isomorphisms defined over k; the even characteristic case is treated in an ongoing work (G. Cardona, E. Nart, J. Pujolàs, Curves of genus 2 over field of even characteristic, 2003, submitted for publication). To this end, we first give a parametrization of all points in , the moduli variety that classifies genus 2 curves up to isomorphism, defined over an arbitrary perfect field (of zero or odd characteristic) and corresponding to curves with non-trivial reduced group of automorphisms; we also give an explicit representative defined over that field for each of these points. Then, we use cohomological methods to compute the number of k-isomorphism classes for each point in .     

Tits' Constructions of Jordan Algebras and F4 Bundles on the Plane

In this paper, constructions of Jordan algebras over commutative rings are given which place, within a general set-up, the classical Tits constructions of exceptional central simple Jordan algebras over fields. These are used to exhibit nontrivial Jordan algebra bundles over the affine plane with a given exceptional Jordan division algebra over k as the fibre. The associated principal F₄ bundles are shown to admit no reduction of the structure group to any proper connected reductive subgroup.     

An elementary proof that rationally isometric quadratic forms are isometric

Let R be a valuation ring with fraction field K and 2 ∈ R ^×. We give an elementary proof of the following known result: two unimodular quadratic forms over R are isometric over K if and only if they are isometric over R. Our proof does not use cancelation of quadratic forms and yields an explicit algorithm to construct an isometry over R from a given isometry over K. The statement actually holds for hermitian forms over valuated involutary division rings, provided mild assumptions.     

Equivalence and the Brauer–Clifford Group for G-Algebras over Commutative Rings

The notion of G-algebra equivalence for a group G is generalized from the setting of G-algebras over fields to G-algebras over commutative rings. This leads to a formulation of Turull's Brauer–Clifford group for separable G-algebras over commutative rings, and to connections with Fröhlich and Wall's equivariant Brauer group.     

Models of Curves and Finite Covers

Let K be a discrete valuation field with ring of integers O _K .Letf : X ! Y be a finite morphism of curves over K. In this article, we study some possible relationships between the models over O K of X and of Y. Three such relationships are listed below. Consider a Galois cover f : X ! Y of degree prime to the characteristic of the residue field, with branch locus B. We show that if Y has semi-stable reduction over K,thenX achieves semi-stable reduction over some explicit tame extension of K.B/.WhenK is strictly henselian, we determine the minimal extension L=K with the property that X L has semi-stable reduction. Let f : X ! Y be a finite morphism, with g.Y/ > 2. We show that if X has a stable model X over O _K ,thenY has a stable model Y over O _K , and the morphism f extends to a morphism X ! Y. ! Y. Finally, given any finite morphism f : X ! Y, is it possible to choose suitable regular models X and Y of X and Y over O _K such that f extends to a finite morphism X ! Y ?As wasshown by Abhyankar, the answer is negative in general. We present counterexamples in rather general situ-ations, with f a cyclic cover of any order > 4. On the other hand, we prove, without any hypotheses on the residual characteristic, that this extension problem has a positive solution when f is cyclic of order 2 or 3.     

Classification of 9-dimensional trilinear alternating forms over GF(2)

Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space over a finite field and let f be a trilinear alternating form over V. For such forms, we introduce two new invariants. Together with a generalized radical polynomial used for classification of forms in dimension 8 over GF(2), they are sufficient to distinguish between all trilinear alternating forms in dimension 9 over GF(2). To prove the completeness of the list of forms, we computed their groups of automorphisms. There are 31 degenerate and 317 nondegenerate forms. We point out some forms with either small or large automorphism group.     

On absolute Galois splitting fields of central simple algebras

A splitting field of a central simple algebra is said to be absolute Galois if it is Galois over some fixed subfield of the centre of the algebra. The paper proves an existence theorem for such fields over global fields with enough roots of unity. As an application, all twisted function fields and all twisted Laurent series rings over symbol algebras (or p-algebras) over global fields are crossed products. An analogous statement holds for division algebras over Henselian valued fields with global residue field.The existence of absolute Galois splitting fields in central simple algebras over global fields is equivalent to a suitable generalization of the weak Grunwald-Wang theorem, which is proved to hold if enough roots of unity are present. In general, it does not hold and counter examples have been used in noncrossed product constructions. This paper shows in particular that a certain computational difficulty involved in the construction of explicit examples of noncrossed product twisted Laurent series rings cannot be avoided by starting the construction with a symbol algebra.     

On the enumeration of polynomials with prescribed factorization pattern

We use generating functions over group rings to count polynomials over finite fields with the first few coefficients and a factorization pattern prescribed. In particular, we obtain different exact formulas for the number of monic n-smooth polynomials of degree m over a finite field, as well as the number of monic n-smooth polynomials of degree m with the prescribed trace coefficient.     

Algebras generated by two idempotents

It is shown that a noncommutative simple algebra generated over a field F by two idempotents is necessarily the ring of 2×2 matrices over a simple extension of F, and that every matrix ring over a field K can be generated over K by three idempotents.     

Aspects of Dirac Operators in Analysis

We give a review of the analysis behind several examples of Dirac-type operators over manifolds arising in Clifford analysis. These include the Atiyah-Singer-Dirac operator acting on sections of a spin bundle over a spin manifold. It also includes several Dirac operators arising over conformally flat spin manifolds including hyperbolic space. Links to classical harmonic analysis are pointed out.

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Received: June 2007