Polysaccharide composition ofPolygonum aviculare

A polysaccharide isolated from the epigeal parts ofPolygonum aviculare has been fractionated. It has been shown that the initial polysaccharide consists of at least four fractions differing in their monosaccharide compositions and physico-mechanical properties.I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 619–622, September–October, 1985.     

Polysaccharides ofAloe arborescens

Summary An acidic polysaccharide belonging to the class of pectin substances has been isolated from the leaves ofAloe arborescens.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Academician A. B. Fomin Botanical Garden. T. G. Shevchenko Kiev State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–5, January–February, 1975.     

Plant polysaccharides. IX. Isolation and anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharides ofLagochilus usunachmaticus

A polysaccharide possessing pronounced direct-action anticoagulant activity has been isolated from the epigeal part ofLagochilus usunachmaticus.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 690–692, September–October, 1997.     

Carbohydrate-protein biopolymers fromPseudopterogorgia americana

A carbohydrate-protein biopolymer which has been called corallan has been isolated from the soft coralP. americana. It has been shown that corollan consists of a proteoglycan including a protein component and a polysaccharide component connected with one another by a fairly strong bond. The polysaccharide moiety is a sulfated glycuronoglycan containing residues of fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and a uronic acid and, possibly, also of aminosugars.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 677–680, November–December, 1982.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants XI. An investigation of the polysaccharides ofAcanthophyllum knorringianum

Polysaccharides have been isolated from the epigeal organs and roots ofAcanthophyllum knorringianum and their quantitative levels and qualitative compositions have been established. A neutral polysaccharide of the epigeal organs belongs to the mannoarabinoglucogalactan type, and a neutral polysaccharide from the roots, to the arabinoglucogalactans.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (371) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 169–170, March–April, 1999.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. X. An investigation of the carbohydrates ofAcanthophyllum pungens

Polysaccharides have been isolated from the epigeal and hypogeal organs ofAcanthophyllum pungens and their qualitative presence and quantitative compositions have been determined. A neutral polysaccharide from the epigeal organs is of the galactan type, while a neutral polysaccharide from the roots is a glucogalactan.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 693–695, September–October, 1997.     

A polysaccharide from the pith of the stems ofAlthea flavovirens

It has been established that a polysaccharide from the pith of the stems ofAlthea flavovirens Boiss et Buhse growing in Azerbaidzhan (environs of the village of Dzhul'fy) has a branched molecule consisting of residues of ribose, rhamnose, glucose, and glucuronic and galacturonic acids (3:6:3:7:2). Among the products of the methylation of the polysaccharide reduced at the carboxy groups the following sugar derivatives have been identified: 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-L-rhamnose, 3,4-di-O-methyl-L-rhamnose, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose, and 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose and 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-galactose (unresolved mixture), and also 2,6-di-O-methyl-D-glucose (2:10:24:7:2).V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 29–33, January–February, 1980.     

Preliminary investigation of the water-soluble polysaccharides from the leaves of the bambooSasamorpha chiisanensis

It has been shown that the water-soluble polysaccharides of the leaves of the bambooSasamorpha chiisanensis Nak., after the removal of starch, contain residues of D-galactose, D-glucose, mannose, arabinose, D-xylose, rhamnose, and glucuronic and galacturonic acids and form an involved polysaccharide complex. Eight polysaccharide fractions differing in their uronic acid contents and in the ratio of neutral sugars have been isolated with the aid of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 44–48, January–February, 1987.     

Lipopolysaccharides fromMastigocladus laminosus

A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been isolated by phenol-water extraction from the cells of the blue-green algaMastigocladus laminosus. It has been shown that the LPS contains polysaccharide and lipid components. The polysaccharide component includes a rhamnan fragment constructed of -1,3- and, possibly, -1,2-bound L-rhamnose residues. The lipid component is constructed of glucosamine, glucose, and fatty acid residues, among which palmitic acid predominates.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 700–703, November–December, 1984.     

Plant polysaccharides

IR spectroscopy has been used to detect a mannan inUngernia bulbs. The mannan was determined qualitatively and quantitatively directly in a preparation of ground bulbs, avoiding the process of extracting the polysaccharide.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 683–685, September–October, 1997.     

Structural investigation of the lipopolysaccharide ofYersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8

The lipopolysaccharide ofYersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8 (strain 161) isolated from the microbial mass by aqueous-phenol extraction contains residues of L-fucose-6-deoxy-D-gulose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D- and L-glycero-D-mannoheptoses, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO). The polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. On the basis of the results of monosaccharide analysis, methylation, Smith degradation, and partial hydrolysis the following structure is suggested for the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of the LPS ofYersinia enterocolitica, serovar 0:8:Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedenenii, No. 5, pp. 657–664, September–October, 1987.     

Chemical investigation of the polysaccharides of the leaves ofPlantago major L.

Summary 1. A polysaccharide has been isolated from the leaves ofPlantage major L. and its monosaccharide composition has been studied.2. It has been established that the polysaccharide investigated contains D-galacturonic acid, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, a partially methylated galactose, and two unidentified monosaccharides.3. The high content of galacturonic residues (68%) in the polysaccharide enables it to be classified as a pectin.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 297–302, 1965     

Fractionation of the hemicelluloses of the leaves ofPolygonum weyrichii and characterization of the structure of the arabinoxyloglucan isolated

The results are given of investigations of the polysaccharide complex of the leaves ofPolygonum weyrichii. The complex was isolated by alkaline extraction from the leaves. The water-soluble fraction of the alkali-soluble hemicelluloses has been characterized. It consists of an arabinoxyloglucan. Information is given on the isolation and characterization of the composition and properties of the xyloglucan. Structural features of the biopolymer have been investigated.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 12–15, January–February, 1984.     

Carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum

It has been shown that the carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum L. — a promising fodder plant — include water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, protopectin, hemicelluloses, a glucomannan, and cellulose. The quantitative amounts of the polysaccharide fractions in the raw material have been established and their characteristics are given. The protopectins of the leaves and stems ofSymphytum asperum L. have been characterized. Their macromolecules are based on a fragment constructed of D-galacturonic acid residues linked by -glycosidic bonds.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–20, January–February, 1984.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants VII. Study of the polyssaccharides of the roots ofAllochrusa paniculata

Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, and hemicelluloses have been isolated from the roots ofAllochrusa paniculata. According to the results of analysis, the neutral polysaccharide found belongs to the glucoarabinogalactan type and differs from the neutral polysaccharide of the roots of A. gypsophiloides by the presence of arabinose.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 549–551, July–August, 1995. Original article submitted October 24, 1994.     

Plant polysaccharides VII. Polysaccharides ofMorus and their hypoglycemic activity

Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, and hemicelluloses have been isolated fromMorus leaves, and their qualitative and quantitative compositions have been determined. The polysaccharides obtained by extraction with hot water have been investigated for hypoglycemic activity. A polysaccharide fromMorus alba proved to have the highest sugar-lowering activity.Materials presented at the IInd International Symposium of the Chemistry of Natural Compounds.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 789–791, November–December, 1997.     

Structure of the xyloglucan of the leaves ofHeracleum sosnowskyi

The results are given of investigations of the polysaccharide complex of the leaves ofHeracleum sosnowskyi. The complex was isolated from the leaves by extraction with alkali.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 282–284, May–June, 1984.     

N-hydroxy-N,N'-diphenylcinnamamidine (HDPCA) as a new reagent for extractive separation and photometric determination of vanadium(V)

N-hydroxy-N,N′-diphenylcinnamamidine (HDPCA) forms a blue-violet coloured 1:2 complex (metal:ligand) with vanadium(V), which can be quantitatively extracted into chloroform from 1.0–9.5M acetic acid medium. Based on this colour reaction, a sensitive and highly selective method for the spectrophotometric determination of microgram quantities of vanadium(V) has been developed. The complex shows maximum absorption at 570 nm and obeys Beer's law in the vanadium concentration range 0.6–12.5 μg/ml. The method has been applied to alloy steels.     

Extending the dynamic range of the determination of copper by adsorption differential pulse stripping method using a principal component artificial neural network

A principal component artificial neural network (PC-ANN) has been applied for the analysis of the voltammogram data of Cu(II) and Cu(II)–PAN complex for extending the dynamic range of the determination of Cu(II) (5–550 μg/l). A three layer back-propagation network (6:5:1) was used with learning rate (r=0.09) and momentum (m=0.9), with sigmoidal transfer function in the hidden layer and one bias node in the input layer. Overall, the application of PC-ANN enables the extension of the dynamic range of the determination of Cu(II) from its narrow linear range (5–50 μg/l) to the high dynamic range (5–550 μg/l).     

Polysaccharides of the protein-lipoid-polysaccharide complex of the mycelium ofVerticillium dahliae. I. Isolation and fractionation

A phytotoxic PLPC has been isolated from the mycelium of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb., strain 614. The polysaccharide component has been split out from the PLPC by mild acid hydrolysis. The polysaccharide has been fractionated and the monosaccharide compositions of the fractions have been determined. A phytotoxic polysaccharide homogeneous according to gel chromatography and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose has been isolated which consists of an -glucan containing a minor amount of D-glucosamine.Tashkent State University. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 774–777, November–December, 1979.