Sensitive and Selective PET-Based π-expanded Phenanthrimidazole Luminophore for Zn2+ Ion

The novel photoinduced electron transfer (PET) chemosensor, 1-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)naphthalen-2-ol [MPPN] and its zinc complex were synthesised and characterized by electronic spectral and Frontier molecular orbital energy analysis. MPPN becomes efficient fluorescent chemosensor upon binding with metal ions and shows a strong preference toward Zn²⁺ ion. Density Functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that luminescence of free MPPN originates from its orbital structure in which two π-orbitals (HOMO and HOMO-1) of the imidazole ring are situated between two π-orbitals (HOMO-2 and LUMO) of the naphthyl fragment. Therefore the absorption and emission processes occur between the two π- orbitals (HOMO-2 and LUMO). The two higher energy imidazole orbitals (HOMO and HOMO-1 ) serve as quenchers for the excited state of the molecule through nonradiative processes. Upon binding with Zn²⁺ ion, MPPN becomes a highly luminescent with λ_emi???421 nm. The significant enhancement of luminescence upon binding with Zn²⁺ ion is attributed to the stabilization of HOMO-2 and HOMO-1 π-orbitals of imidazole ring upon their engagement in new bonds with Zn²⁺ ion. The affinity of MPPN to zinc ion is found to be very high [K?=?6?×?10⁶ M^?1] when compared with other metals ions. The nonlinear absorption coefficient γ for MPPN is 1.9?×?10^?12 m/W and 3.9?×?10^?11 m/W for MPPN-Zn complex.     

氢卟啉, N-/Neo-混杂卟啉结构和吸收光谱性质的密度泛函理论研究

卟啉类化合物是一类重要的光化学材料,其衍生物特殊的光电特性在各个领域中得到了广泛的应用。利用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了(free base porphyrin, FBP)及其异构体(neo-confused porphyrin, NECP)和(n-confused porphyrin, NCP)三种卟啉环的几何结构和分子轨道能级。采用TDDFT方法计算真空和溶剂场极化连续模型下三者的吸收光谱。计算表明由于N原子位置变化,FBP,NECP和NCP在Soret带和Q带两个特征吸收峰也有不同。按FBP,NECP和NCP顺序,分子轨道能级LUMO依次降低,HOMO轨道依次升高,从而造成吸收光谱红移。HOMO和HOMO-1轨道能级的分裂造成了FBP和NECP的Soret带的多个吸收峰,而NCP的LUMO和LUMO+1 的能级差与其HOMO和HOMO-1能级差几乎相等造成Soret带只有一个最高吸收峰。计算结果表明不同溶剂(苯、氯仿、乙腈和水)条件下三者的Soret带和Q带特征吸收峰均有显著变化。为此重点讨论了N原子位置的变化及在不同性质溶剂下FBP,NCP和NECP三类化合物Soret带/Q带吸收光谱性质的变化规律和机理。     

Catalytic active sites on sputtered metal interfaces

By the use of Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) cluster calculations, the symmetry of adatom induced electronic states and their possible role in catalytic processes have been investigated. For iron adsorbed on a close packed iron single crystal surface we find an increased density of occupied “π” as well as “σ” states at the Fermi level. Simple group theoretical arguments give that the “π” states, which represent the highest occupied molecular orbitais (HOMO) will mix with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of CO, 2π¹, assuming CO bound normal to the surface in a terminal position with respect to the adatom. Such a system with an adsorbed atom on a flat surface is a model for a sputtered surface and these “π” states may thus explain the experimentally observed high rate of dissociation for CO on sputtered iron surfaces. A comparative study shows that no such increased density of states (DOS) is found when the Fe adatom is replaced by potassium. Finally for Cu adsorbed on Cu(111) only 4s derived “σ” states are introduced close to the Fermi level.     

Chiral structures and tunable magnetic moments in 3d transition metal doped Pt₆ clusters

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of transition metal doped platinum clusters MPt 6 (M=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) are systematically studied by using the relativistic all-electron density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation. Most of the doped clusters show larger binding energies than the pure Pt 7 cluster, which indicates that the doping of the transition metal atom can stabilize the pure platinum cluster. The results of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gaps suggest that the doped clusters can have higher chemical activities than the pure Pt 7 cluster. The magnetism calculations demonstrate that the variation range of the magnetic moments of the MPt 6 clusters is from 0 μ B to 7 μ B , revealing that the MPt 6 clusters have potential utility in designing new spintronic nanomaterials with tunable magnetic properties.     

Quantum interference of multi-orbital effects in high-harmonic spectra from aligned carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide

We investigate experimentally multi-orbital effects in high-order harmonic generation(HHG) from aligned CO_2 and N_2O molecules by intense femtosecond laser fields with linear and elliptical polarizations.For either of the aligned molecules, a minimum in the harmonic spectrum is observed, the position of which shifts to lower-order harmonics when decreasing the intensity or increasing the ellipticity of the driving laser.This indicates that the minimum originates from the dynamic interference of different channels, of which the tunneling ionization and recombination are contributed via different molecular orbitals.The results show that both the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) and low-lying HOMO-2 in CO_2(or HOMO-1 in N_2O) contribute to the molecular HHG in both linearly and elliptically polarized strong laser fields.Our study would pave a way for understanding multi-electron dynamics from polyatomic molecules irradiated by strong laser fields.     

Synthesis and Properties of Diphenylcarbazole Triphenylethylene Derivatives with Aggregation-Induced Emission, Blue Light Emission and High Thermal Stability

New aggregation-induced emission materials derived from diphenylcarbazole triphenylethylene were prepared. The thermal, photophysical, electrochemical and aggregation-induced emissive properties were investigated. All the compounds had strong blue light emission capability and excellent thermal stability. Their maximum fluorescence emission wavelengths were between 450 to 460 nm in TLC plates, while their glass transition temperatures ranged from 162.2 to 182.4 °C. The decomposition temperatures of the synthesized compounds were all well over 500 °C. The synthesized compounds possessed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, which exhibited enhanced fluorescence emissions in aggregation states or in solid states. The HOMO energy levels estimated from the oxidation potentials were found in the range from 5.49 to5.52 eV. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital/highest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO/HOMO) energy gaps (ΔEg) for the compounds were estimated from the onset absorption wavelengths of UV absorption spectra and ranged from 3.04 to 3.20 eV.     

外电场下二氧化锆的分子结构及其特性

对O原子采用6-311++G*基组,Zr原子采用aug-cc-pVTZ-PP基组,利用密度泛函(B3P86)方法优化得到了ZrO2分子的稳定构型,并研究了不同外电场(0—0.025 a.u.)作用下ZrO2基态分子键长、能量、电荷分布、偶极矩和能级的变化规律.在优化构型的基础上,利用含时密度泛函(TD-B3P86)方法研究了ZrO2分子在外电场作用下前6个激发态的激发能、跃迁波长和振子强度的激发特性.研究结果表明:随着电场强度的增大,Zr—2O的键长增大,而Zr—3O的键长均匀减少,总能量降低,偶极矩增大;最高占据轨道能量基本保持不变,最低未占据轨道和能隙均减小.电场的增大使得激发能减小,各个激发态跃迁波长均发生不同程度的红移现象,因而,利用外电场可以控制ZrO2的发光光谱范围在可见-红外区域扩展.     

ZnSe在外电场下的基态性质和激发特性研究

以LANL2DZ为基组, 采用Hartree-Fock(HF)方法研究了不同外电场(-0.025–0.040 a.u.)对ZnSe分子的基态几何结构、电荷分布、能量、电偶极矩、最高占据轨道(HOMO)能级、最低空轨道(LUMO)能级、能隙、红外光谱特性的影响; 继而采用含时的TD-HF方法研究了ZnSe分子在外电场下前9 个激发态的吸收谱、激发能、振子强度等激发特性. 研究结果表明: 当电场从-0.025 a.u.变化到0.04 a.u. 时, 键长先减小后增加; 分子偶极矩先由正减小到0, 然后又反向增加; 体系总能量一直减小; 谐振频率先增加后减小, 红外光谱强度先减小后又增加. ZnSe分子的LUMO能级一直增加, HOMO能级先增加后又减小, 变化趋势较小, 而能隙一直增大. 外电场对ZnSe分子的激发特性影响较大, 当电场从-0.025 a.u.变化到0.04 a.u.时, 激发能增加, 相应的激发波长减小; 对应的振子强度也受到很大影响, 原来振子强度最强的激发态变得很弱, 而原来振子强度很弱的激发态变得最强. 因此, 可以通过改变电场来控制ZnSe的激发特性.     

二维电荷转移结构轮烯衍生物光学性质理论研究

以一系列轮烯衍生物为目标分子,运用MP2和TD-DFT方法在6-31G(d)基组水平上计算了分子一阶超极化率β和紫外吸收光谱, 研究了分子结构和非线性光学性能的关系. 研究发现, 本文中的二维电荷转移(2DCT)分子2—6均具有较大的β值, 且紫外吸收光谱最大吸收峰和相对应的一维电荷转移(1DCT)分子8和9相比发生蓝移, 这对解决"非线性效率-透光性的矛盾"给予了很大启示. 对于2DCT分子2—7, 分子一阶超极化率的大小和分子构型关系密切, 随着键长交替(BLA)的增加,分 关键词： 轮烯衍生物 二维电荷转移分子 一阶超极化率 紫外吸收光谱     

Studies of Luminescence Performance on Carbazole Donor and Quinoline Acceptor Based Conjugated Polymer

We report on the synthesis of conjugated polymer (CV-QP) containing carbazole (donor) and quinoline (acceptor) using Wittig methodology. The structural, optical and thermal properties of the polymer were investigated by FT-IR, NMR, GPC, UV, PL, cyclic voltammetry, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The polymer exhibits thermal stability upto 200 °C and shows good solubility in common organic solvents. The polymer has optical absorption band in a thin film at 360 nm and emission band formed at 473 nm. The optical energy band gap was found to be 2.69 eV as calculated from the onset absorption edge. Fluorescence quenching of the polymer CV-QP was found by using DMA (electron donor) and DMTP (electron acceptor). AFM image indicated that triangular shaped particles were observed and the particle size was found as 1.1 μm. The electrochemical studies of CV-QP reveal that, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the CV-QP are 6.35 and 3.70 eV, which indicated that the polymers are expected to provide charge transporting properties for the development of polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs).     

Electron–phonon coupling and vibrational modes contributing to linear electro‐optic effect of the efficient NLO chromophore 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐N‐methyl‐4′‐toluene sulfonate (DAST) from their vibrational spectra

The optimized geometry and structural features of the most prospective electro‐optic crystal 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐N‐methyl‐4′‐toluene sulfonate (DAST), and the vibrational spectral investigations have been comprehensively described with the near infrared Fourier transform (NIR FT) Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra supported by the density functional theoretical (DFT) computations to elucidate the contribution of vibrational modes to the linear electro‐optic (LEO) effect. Mulliken population analysis and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis have also been carried out to analyze the effects of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), intramolecular hydrogen bonding and hyperconjugative interactions on the geometries. The influence of CT interaction between the phenyl ring and the dimethylamino group of the nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore on the endocyclic and exocyclic angles, and the electronic effects such as hyperconjugation and back‐donation on the methyl hydrogen atoms have been examined. The concurrent intense activation of Raman and IR activities of the effective conjugation vibrational coordinate, which significantly contributes to the LEO effect resulting from the strong electron–phonon (e/ph) coupling, has been analyzed in detail. The effects of frontier orbitals, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), transition of electron density (ED) transfer and the influence of planarity in the stilbazolium ring on the first hyperpolarizability are also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Molecular structure, spectroscopic properties and DFT calculations of 2-(methylthio)nicotinic acid

The analyses of possible conformations, molecular structures, vibrational and electronic properties of 2-(methylthio)nicotinic acid molecule, C₇H₇NO₂S, with the synonym 2-(methylsulfanyl)nicotinic acid have been first presented theoretically. At the same time, FT-IR and micro-Raman spectra of 2-(methylthio)nicotinic acid were recorded in the regions 400–4000 cm^?1 and 100–4000 cm^?1, respectively. In our calculations, the DFTB3LYP method with 6–311G(d, p) basis set was used to have the structural and spectroscopic data about the mentioned molecule in the ground state and the results obtained were compared with experimental values. Furthermore, gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts in different solvents, UV-vis TD-DFT calculations, the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO-2, HOMO-1, HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), molecular electrostatic potantial (MEP) surface, atomic charges and thermodynamic properties of molecule have been theoretically verified and simulated at the mentioned level. The energetic behavior of title molecule in different solvent media was investigated by using DFT/B3LYP method with 6–311G(d, p) basis set in terms of integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model (IEFPCM). In addition, the calculated infrared intensities, Raman activities, reduce masses and force constants of the compound under study have been also reported.     

外场下SnS分子结构及其特性

对S原子采用6-311++G**基组,Sn原子采用SDB-cc-pVTZ基组,利用密度泛函(B3P86)方法对SnS分子进行了基态结构优化,并研究了外场作用下SnS基态分子键长、能量、能级分布、电荷布居分布、谐振频率和红外谱强度的影响规律.然后利用含时密度泛函(TD-B3P86)方法研究了SnS分子在外场下的激发特性.结果表明,在所加的电场范围内(-0.04 a.u.-0.04 a.u.),随着正向电场的增大,分子键长和红外谱强度均是先减小后增大;总能E,SnS基态分子的最高已占据轨道能量EH和谐振频率均是先增大后减小;分子的最低未占空轨道能量EL和能隙Eg均随正向电场的增大而减小.随着正向电场的增大,SnS分子由基态至前9个单重激发态跃迁的波长增大,激发能则减小.     

外电场下CdSe的基态性质和光谱特性研究

采用密度泛函(DFT)B3PW91方法在Lanl2dz基组下优化得到CdSe分子的基态稳定构型, 并研究了外电场对CdSe基态分子的总能量、HOMO能级、LUMO能级、能隙、电偶极矩μ、电荷布居、红外光谱的影响. 在相同的基组下用TD-DFT 方法计算了外电场下CdSe分子的前9个激发态的激发能、激发波长和振子强度. 结果表明: 无电场时CdSe分子的激发波长与实验结果符合较好, 相应的激发能也很接近. 随着电场增加, CdSe基态分子键长、偶极矩、红外谱强度先减小后增大; HOMO能级、LUMO能级、能隙随电场增加而减小; 总能量、谐振频率则是先增大后减小. 此外, 外电场对CdSe分子的激发能, 激发波长和振子强度均有较大影响.     

Low-bias negative differential conductance controlled by electrode separation

The electronic transport properties of a single thiolated arylethynylene molecule with 9,10-dihydroanthracene core,denoted as TADHA, is studied by using non-equilibrium Green's function formalism combined with ab initio calculations.The numerical results show that the TADHA molecule exhibits excellent negative differential conductance(NDC) behavior at lower bias regime as probed experimentally. The NDC behavior of TADHA molecule originates from the Stark effect of the applied bias voltage, by which the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) and the HOMO-1 are pulled apart and become localized. The NDC behavior of TADHA molecular system is tunable by changing the electrode distance.Shortening the electrode separation can enhance the NDC effect which is attributed to the possible increase of coupling between the two branches of TADHA molecule.     

对苯二甲酸-双(4-甲氧基苯酯)及其衍生物的结构与光谱

在密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31 G*水平上计算研究了对苯二甲酸-双(4-甲氧基苯酯)及其OH和F腰接取代化合物的几何结构与红外振动光谱和电子光谱性质。研究发现这类化合物的酯基碳氧原子与苯环形成不同的离域大π键,空间位阻效应和共轭效应使三个苯环位于不同平面上,二面角在53°～59°范围。含时密度泛函理论计算第一激发态的电子垂直跃迁能,表明最大吸收光谱全部源于分子中HOMO→LUMO的π→π*跃迁,对应的最大吸收波长数值位于370～384nm之间,属于紫外区。腰接基对这类化合物的几何结构影响不大,仅由于空间位阻效应,使苯环(1)和苯环(2)之间的二面角增大3°～4°,但对其所在苯环的变形及其氢的振动有一定影响。同时,腰接羟基使HOMO→LUMO的能隙略有减小,最大吸收波长略有增大。腰接氟时因弱的共轭效应使得HOMO→LUMO的能隙减小0.1209eV,导致最大吸收波长红移14nm。     

不同位置取代的三氰基乙烯基蒽的含时密度泛函研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)RB3LYP方法和ab initio HF单激发态相互作用(CIS)法分别优化了2-三氰基乙烯基蒽(2-TCVA)和9-三氰基乙烯基蒽(9-TCVA)分子的基态及最低激发单重态几何结构.系统分析了前线分子轨道特征,并探索了电子跃迁机理.应用含时密度泛函理论计算了分子的电子光谱,计算结果与实验值符合得较好.     

苯胺分子S_1态振动光谱及ab initio计算(英文)

利用紫外激光,结合超声速脉冲分子技术和飞行时间质谱仪,在287～296 nm波长范围内实验研究了苯胺分子的共振双光子电离光谱(R2PI).实验中观测到对应S_1←S_0跃迁的0-0带出现在293.86nm(3.4029 cm~(-1))处,并测得对应S_1态的若干振动模和来自S_0态的热带.为了对S_1态的振动模进行标定,分别在HF/6-31+G(d,p)和CIS/6-31+G(d,p)基组水平上对苯胺在S_0态的构型进行优化和在S_1态对其振动频率进行分析计算.另外,利用自然键轨道分析(NBO)讨论了电子激发过程.结果显示,来自氨基氮原子上的一个电子从对应的孤对电子轨道激发到苯环的π反键轨道上,恰好对应的是S_1←S_0跃迁.     

Electronic structure and molecular orbital study of hole-transport material triphenylamine derivatives

Recently, triphenylamine (TPA), 4,4′-bis(phenyl-m-tolylamino)biphenyl (TPD), 4,4′-bis(1-naphthylphenylamino)biphenyl (NPB) and their derivatives are widely used in the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices as a hole-transporting material (HTM) layer. We have optimized twenty different structures of HTM materials by using density functional theory (DFT), B3LYP/6-31G method. All these different structures contain mono-amine and diamine TPA derivatives. The energies of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) along with molecular orbitals for these HTMs are also determined. We have found that the central amine nitrogen atom and the phenyl ring, which is next to the central amine nitrogen atom, show significant contribution to the HOMO and LUMO, respectively. The sum of the calculated bond angles (α+β+γ) of the central amine nitrogen atom has been applied to describe the bonding and the energy difference for HOMO and LUMO in these TPA derivatives. Electronic structure calculations have been performed for these TPA derivatives. Again, the LCAO-MO patterns of HOMO and LUMO levels of these derivatives are used to investigate their electron density. A series of electron-transporting steps are predicted for these compounds employing these calculated results.