Multi chaotic systems based pixel shuffle for image encryption

This paper proposes a novel pixel shuffling method for image encryption. The output trajectory of chaotic system is very unpredictable. Therefore, based on the unpredictable character, we use the chaotic sequences generated by chaotic systems as encryption codes and then implement the digital-color image encryption with high confidential security. The proposed method combined with four differential chaotic systems and pixel shuffling can fully banish the outlines of the original image, disorders the distributive characteristics of RGB levels, and dramatically decreases the probability of exhaustive attacks. The statistic methods involving FIPS PUB 140-1 and the correlation coefficient r are adopted to test on the security analysis. Also NPCR (Number of Pixel Change Rate) and UACI (Unified Average Changing Intensity) are proceeded for the proof of the distinguished characteristic of pixels in the encrypted image. Eventually, empirical images are conducted as illustrations and show that the proposed method has the great encryption performance and achieves the high confidential security.     

Wavelet-modified binary phase-only morphological correlation for color pattern recognition

This paper reports a morphological phase-only correlation technique based on bit-map representation for recognition of color as well as grey images in a hybrid digital-optical correlation architecture. The color image is decomposed into its R, G and B components, and each component is further decomposed into eight disjoint elementary images depending upon the bit-map representation of the color value at each pixel. Bit-map representation of the pixel values of an image reduces the required computational time. A set of twenty-four disjoint wavelet-modified binary phase-only filters (WBPOFs) are generated from these bit-map decomposed images. The target image is similarly decomposed into eight disjoint images each of R, G and B and their digital Fourier transforms multiplied with the corresponding WBPOFs. The product functions thus obtained are added up to form a single resultant product function, whose optical Fourier transformation gives the correlation peaks for the presence of R, G and B components in the image. The single product function overcomes the necessity of obtaining the final optical Fourier transformation of the R, G and B components separately. The novelty of this approach lies in the fact that the WBPOFs synthesized by this procedure are thus able to identify both colored as well as gray images and can tolerate salt-and-pepper noise to a considerable extent.     

Adaptive segmentation of magnetic resonance images with intensity inhomogeneity using level set method

It is a big challenge to segment magnetic resonance (MR) images with intensity inhomogeneity. The widely used segmentation algorithms are region based, which mostly rely on the intensity homogeneity, and could bring inaccurate results. In this paper, we propose a novel region-based active contour model in a variational level set formulation. Based on the fact that intensities in a relatively small local region are separable, a local intensity clustering criterion function is defined. Then, the local function is integrated around the neighborhood center to formulate a global intensity criterion function, which defines the energy term to drive the evolution of the active contour locally. Simultaneously, an intensity fitting term that drives the motion of the active contour globally is added to the energy. In order to segment the image fast and accurately, we utilize a coefficient to make the segmentation adaptive. Finally, the energy is incorporated into a level set formulation with a level set regularization term, and the energy minimization is conducted by a level set evolution process. Experiments on synthetic and real MR images show the effectiveness of our method.     

Transverse vibration of membranes of arbitrary shape by the method of constant-deflection contours

A method for approximate computation of the fundamental frequency of membranes of arbitrary shape vibrating harmonically is developed. The method is based upon the concept of contour lines of equal deflection on the surface of the membrane. A similar method for elastic plates has recently been developed by the author in a series of papers. As illustrations of the procedure, the method is applied to the calculation of the gravest mode of an annular, an elliptic, and a parabolic membrane.     

The influence of edge detection algorithms on the estimation of the fractal dimension of binary digital images

The boundary of a fractal object, represented in a two-dimensional space, is theoretically a line with an infinitely small width. In digital images this boundary or contour is limited to the pixel resolution of the image and the width of the line commonly depends on the edge detection algorithm used. The Minkowski dimension was evaluated by using three different edge detection algorithms (Sobel, Roberts, and Laplace operator). These three operators were investigated because they are very widely used and because their edge detection result is very distinct concerning the line width. Very common fractals (Sierpinski carpet and Koch islands) were investigated as well as the binary images from a cancer invasion assay taken with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The fractal dimension is directly proportional to the width of the contour line and the fact, that in practice very often the investigated objects are fractals only within a limited resolution range is considered too.     

图像分割中采用自适应三次B样条修饰轮廓线

大多数由像素灰度值或灰度相关参数获得图像轮廓线的方法由于受到图像噪声、量化误差以及灰阶的梯度分布等方面的影响 ,获得的边缘轮廓线是不光滑的 ,带有小而密集的不规则锯齿或毛刺 ,这不仅不符合实际情况 ,而且会给进一步的图像处理带来困难。为了获得连续光滑的轮廓线 ,提出了一种方法 :先以动态规划算法提取全局最优的轮廓线 ,然后用一种自适应三次B样条对获得的轮廓线进行修饰和平滑处理。该样条可根据轮廓线不同处的曲率变化情况 ,自适应地调整控制点的分布。在各类图像上的试验表明 ,该方法即有效的消除了轮廓线上的小锯齿 ,又保留了轮廓线的特征细节     

Reflective terahertz imaging of porcine skin burns

A reflective pulsed terahertz imaging system based on direct detection was developed and used to obtain high-resolution images of a porcine skin specimen with superficial partial-thickness (second-degree) burns. Images were also obtained of the sample through ten layers of dry medical (cotton) gauze with minimal image degradation. The burned and unburned regions of skin had large differences in terahertz reflectivity, displaying clear delineation [20 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) difference signal] between both regions in the images. The terahertz images also exhibited a "halo" surrounding the burn areas that may correlate to the extent of burn injury. The system operated at a center frequency of 500 GHz with 125 GHz of 3 dB bandwidth and used whiskbroom scanning to generate images with a spatial resolution of 1.5 mm. Each pixel was acquired with a 16 ms integration time, resulting in a 40 dB postdetection SNR. The simplicity and high SNR of the reflective terahertz system are promising steps toward real-time terahertz medical imaging.     

光折变晶体中间段空间电荷场强度特性研究

从Kukhtarev材料方程出发,在单载流子和不假定自由载流子线性复合情况下,推出了中间段非线性空间电荷场的表达式.对其强度特性进行了理论分析.用Ce:KNSBN晶体进行了两波耦合的强度特性实验研究.     

A novel active contour model driven by local and global intensity fitting energies

In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid active contour model for image segmentation. In our model, we define a new region-scalable fitting (RSF) energy functional which combines the local and the global image information. The RSF energy functional can not only attract the contour toward object boundaries, but also improve the robustness to initialization of the contours. In order to segment the image fast and accurately, the length term and regularization term is incorporated into the variational level set formulation. Finally, by adopting gradient descent method, the minimization of the energy equation can be given. Due to the new kernel function we defined, our model can cope with intensity inhomogeneity images and less sensitive to the initialization of the contour when compared with the other models. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model can also segment both the real and medical images accurately.     

Non-linear vibrations of elastic plates subjected to transient pressure loading

The large amplitude vibrations of elastic plates of arbitrary plan form subjected to transient pressure loading are analyzed in a relatively simple fashion by using the Berger method in conjunction with the iso-amplitude contour lines method. The analysis provides for both clamped and simply supported edge conditions. By way of illustration, the large amplitude response of elliptical plates under various types of dynamic loading, namely a step function, a sinusoidal pulse and an N-wave, is investigated and the results are presented graphically. Some comparison is made with previously obtained results for circular plates, as available in the literature.     

Holographic reconstruction with a 10- mum pixel-pitch reflective liquid-crystal display by use of a light-emitting diode reference light

We reconstructed an animation made from computer-generated holograms with a reflective LCD panel that had a pixel pitch of 10 mumx10 mum and resolution of 1400x1050 . Using a LED as the reference light, we could clearly observe three-dimensional images whose size was approximately 30 mmx10 mm x30 mm . Moreover, we reconstructed a color holograph by use of a simple system with a set of red, green, and blue LEDs as the reference light.     

Probability theory of intensity correlation in ghost imaging with thermal light

To well reveal the imaging mechanism of ghost imaging (GI) with thermal light, we propose a probability theory using more general assumptions than existing theoretical explanations that the reference patterns obey an arbitrary identical distribution and the objects are of grayscale. It is not limited to a specific correlation function, even multi-functional variants of reference patterns can be used in correlation calculation. We have proven in both theory and experiments that the reconstruction means are linear transformations of original object's gray values and the probabilities of recovered pixel values in the pixel region of the same original gray value follow a Gaussian distribution, whose variance explains the appearance of reconstruction noise. We also derive the relationship between pattern variance and contrast-to-noise ratio under noisy conditions, which will be instructive for better pattern construction. This work will deepen the understanding of GI and enrich intensity correlation forms.     

根据边缘梯度方向的十字丝目标快速自动检测

根据图像中直线轮廓边缘点的灰度梯度方向一致的特性,提出了有向线段的概念并给出了限制性定义,将直线检测转化为有向线段的检测提高了检测精度和可靠性。将十字丝轮廓抽象成两组相交的有向线段,提出了一种基于随机Hough变换(RHT)的十字丝自动检测算法。实验结果表明该算法对十字丝目标的灰度、大小、形状变化具有鲁棒性,达到了十字丝目标的快速识别。     

Determination of rotational temperature of AlO from the B2Σ+-X2Σ+ system

AlO molecule was excited in a DC arc in air running between two aluminium electrodes. Rotational structure of the (0,0) band of the B²Σ⁺-X²Σ⁺ system of AlO molecule was photographed in the first order of a 10.6 m concave grating spectrograph. Intensity distribution amongst the well-resolved rotational lines of R₁ and R₂ branches was recorded and the average rotational temperature calculated from these has been determined as 2880 ± 100 K.     

基于曲率多尺度的高精度角点检测

为了提高角点检测的精度,满足算法的稳定性与实时性,提出了一种基于曲率多尺度和局部迭代的亚像素角点检测算法。首先基于Canny算子和自定义边缘跟踪算法检测目标轮廓,然后利用多尺度曲率多项式得到像素级的角点,最后以像素级角点为中心,利用向量正交性原则,采用迭代算法及双线性插值得到子像素级角点。实际测试表明:该方法检测效率高,提取到的角点稳定,精度可以达到0.2pixel,可满足实际应用中的实时、高精度要求,目前已成功地应用于嵌入式机器视觉工业现场。     

A study on particle identification in PTV particle mask correlation method

An algorithm for particle identification in PTV, which is classified in the category?particle mask correlation method, is presented and tested. A typical brightness pattern of a particle image is referred to as a particle mask. The particle mask is centered on a pixel in the image plane and the cross correlation between the particle mask and a region of the image plane centered on the given pixel is calculated. The particle mask is scanned over the entire image plane and the cross correlation coefficient is calculated at each pixel location. Small subareas with high correlation coefficients indicate central areas of particle images.     

反射式电寻址红外切变聚合物网络液晶空间光调制器

为了给高帧频红外成像导引头半实物仿真提供高帧频、宽光谱、大动态范围的红外场景,利用切变聚合物网络液晶(SPNLC)电光调制机理制作了反射式电寻址SPNLC空间光调制器.通过LabView编写控制程序,利用计算机并口数据寄存器和控制寄存器为译码放大电路提供写入信号,驱动SPNLC盒各像素,实现红外图像的显示.实验得到厚度为13 μm的反射式电寻址红外SPNLC空间光调制器,当入射辐射的黑体温度为300℃,驱动电压为60 V时,测得样机所显示的几幅长波红外图像(8 μm～12 μm) 的帧频为100 Hz,输出最大温差大于15℃.     

Two methods for semi-automated quantification of changes in ventricular volume and their use in schizophrenia

Two semi-automated methods for quantification of ventricular volume change from baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans have been developed. Technique 1 employs direct segmentation of the ventricles from both the scans using thresholding and contour extraction. Technique 2 operates on difference images produced by voxel based intensity subtraction of the baseline from the registered follow-up images. Here, all voxels with intensities above a noise threshold and in a restricted area are monitored to compute volumetric changes. In phantom measurements the first technique was accurate to 0.0046%, the second to 0.167% of the phantom volume. Results from normal volunteers was that the average ventricular volume changed by 1.52% and 1.54% for images acquired within 9 months using techniques 1 and 2, respectively. With schizophrenic patients mean change of 10.78% and 9.43% were found employing the first and second procedures, respectively. All measurements agreed with a radiologist’s visual grading of the changes. Robust, objective, fast, easy-to-use, and fairly accurate procedures have been developed and validated to quantify volumetric changes.     

HeLa细胞突起中微丝束的纳米分辨荧光成像

在Matlab编程环境下模拟了单分子定位显微的纳米分辨成像,在传统实验参数条件下,对不同间隔分子带模型进行了模拟成像.模拟结果表明,单分子定位显微方法可以区分中心相隔20 nm的两个分子带.同时,也分析了不同像元大小对单分子定位精度的影响.此外,通过单分子定位显微方法在IX71倒置荧光显微镜上实现了纳米分辨,系统极限分辨率,即半高全宽为48 nm.在该系统上,获得了HeLa细胞突起中微丝束结构的纳米分辨图像.从重构获得的图像中可以看到微丝束的直径为75—200 nm.     

Reduction of coherent artifacts in dynamic holographic three-dimensional displays by diffraction-specific pseudorandom diffusion

An electroholographic display based on diffraction-specific computation can reduce speckle by electronic diffusion through selective addition of a pseudorandom sequence. Intensity fluctuation as a result of the introduction of pseudorandom noise does not affect three-dimensional (3-D) images significantly since spatial windows formed by diffused basis fringes do not widen noticeably at low pseudorandom spread, whereas the features of the fluctuation are much smaller than human visual resolution. Experimental results obtained on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology holographic video system confirmed that the diffusion smooths 3-D images and improves the intensity nonuniformity among horizontal holographic lines.