气相色谱中的超分子化学问题：Ⅰ.气相色谱与超分子化学的关系

超分子化学是有关超分子体系结构和功能的化学，超分子体系是由多个分子作用联系起来的实体，分子识别是形成超分本系的基本特征，本文从分子识别的角度，探讨了气相色谱学中超分子化学问题，并详细地评述了冠醚、液晶、环表固定液的分子识别机理的研究状况，最后，作者们大致展望了色谱研究超分子问题的前景，并且认为在多人工作基础上会产生一门新科学－超分子色谱学。     

光响应超分子聚合物

超分子聚合物是超分子化学、高分子化学和材料化学领域的研究热点.将光响应的功能基团以非共价作用构筑到超分子聚合物体系中,得到光响应型超分子聚合物,从而能够将超分子聚合物的独特性质与光化学反应的优势有效地结合起来,从而构筑新型的光功能材料.本文总结了近年来本课题组有关光响应超分子聚合物方面的研究工作:介绍了主链型的光响应超分子聚合物的光调控组装和解离,超分子聚合物和共价聚合物的光控可逆切换和光调控组装形貌;另外还举例介绍了具有自修复和室温磷光发射等功能的侧链型光响应超分子聚合物,并对刺激-响应的超分子聚合物领域的发展做了展望.     

多酸超分子化合物的合成及液晶性质

多酸是一类含有氧桥的无机多孩配合物,已有百余年的研究历史,现已在异构体化学、杂多蓝化学、高聚合度杂多阴离子的合成化学、多酸型层往超分子化合物、非线性光学功能特性、药物化学、催化、质子导电功能特性和磁特性等领域有了长足进展［“．由于杂多酸的高分子量及独特结构,研究者对杂多酸的研究兴趣不断增长．我们在有机液晶分子理论的指导下,首次发现了杂多酸超分子化合物溶于适当有机溶剂中可表现出近晶相液晶行为,对开发新型高性能材料和探索液晶态在生命过程中的作用将有重大意义［’j．1仪器与试剂PE－2400元素分析仪;美国…     

树枝状大分子液晶的分子设计及其自组织超结构

树枝状大分子或树枝体由于其完美的拓扑结构和周边表面大量反应性的端基,成为一类理想的可用于构筑结构新颖的大分子液晶材料的预组织骨架结构。本文按树枝状大分子骨架的化学结构分类,对侧链型树枝状大分子液晶的设计合成、液晶相行为及其自组织超结构的最新研究进展进行总结和评述,重点介绍了聚酰胺-胺、聚丙烯亚胺、聚碳硅烷、聚醚以及聚酯树枝状大分子液晶体系。近些年对树枝状大分子液晶的系统研究发现了许多新颖液晶介晶相,极大地丰富了热致液晶相态的内涵,拓展了液晶研究范畴。研究表明通过合理的分子设计,通过对介晶基元、树枝体的化学结构及其代数的选择与调控,可以实现丰富多样的液晶介晶相乃至多级有序的自组织超结构。     

离子自组装超分子液晶的研究进展

离子自组装超分子液晶是超分子体系中相对较新颖和引入注意的领域,它在新型功能材料的设计中占据非常重要的位置。本文主要介绍目前文献报道的由含铵离子的液晶分子或非液晶分子与含羧基的聚合物和含磺酸离子的聚合物自组装成超分子液晶及含金属离子(锌、铜、锂、氧钒基)的金属离子配位自组装超分子液晶两大类。     

非传统型液晶分子设计与工程研究进展

从液晶基元连接方式、液晶分子拓扑结构以及凝聚态自组织方式等方面扼要介绍和评述了非传统型液晶分子设计与工程研究进展,并重点介绍了可望引起液晶显示技术革命的双轴向列相香蕉形液晶研究的突破性工作,展望了非传统型液晶分子设计和复杂自组织超分子液晶领域今后的发展方向。     

两岸三地高分子液晶态与超分子有序态学术研讨会简报

由国家自然科学基金委员会支持、中国化学会主办、湖北省化学化工学会协办、华中科技大学承办的两岸三地高分子液晶态与超分子有序态学术研讨会 (暨第八次全国高分子液晶态与超分子有序体系学术论文报告会 )于 2 0 0 2年 10月 10 - 12日在武汉华中科技大学成功召开。大会开幕式由周其凤院士主持 ,华中科技大学校长樊明武院士、湖北省化学化工学会副理事长孙鸿涛副厅长出席并讲话。来自香港、台湾和大陆 4 4个单位的 10 8名代表参加了会议。国家自然科学基金委化学学部的董建华处长在大会闭幕式上作了发言。此次会议是我国高分子液晶态与超分…     

甲壳型液晶高分子的构筑、自组装及其功能化

甲壳型液晶高分子的发展很大程度上依赖于聚合物自组装的发展,而各种可设计、可预测、可调控的自组装策略的涌现,将甲壳型液晶高分子研究推向前所未有的高度,同时也极大地丰富了高分子化学与物理的内容,提升了研究水准.研究表明,侧链"甲壳效应"在调控甲壳型液晶高分子有序结构等方面有着重要作用.本综述从甲壳型液晶高分子设计合成、液晶相态调控、嵌段共聚物自组装和功能化应用等方面,总结和评述了近年来该领域国内的最新研究进展.最后,本综述总结了甲壳型液晶高分子在发展中所面临的主要问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.     

外场对聚肽三元体系相行为影响的研究

在前期建立的溶剂、聚肽、柔性高分子三元体系的理论模型上, 引入外场作用的自由能, 推导了液晶相与非液晶相中各物质的化学位, 研究了外场作用下的聚肽三元体系的相行为. 结果表明外场的作用可使液晶相与非液晶相的两相区域变小, 两相区向低浓度方向移动, 同时柔性高分子可进入液晶相. 此外还研究了外场作用下聚肽的分子链构象、链长和温度等对体系相行为的影响, 并对理论计算与实验结果进行了比较.     

《液晶高分子材料》专辑序言——老学科的新活力

正19世纪80年代后期,奥地利植物学家Reinitzer和德国物理学家Lehmann共同发现了液晶,创立了液晶科学。20世纪70年代,液晶显示技术实现了革命性突破,风靡全球。液晶高分子的研究始于1937年的生物高分子液晶,随即受到广泛关注,尤其是杜邦公司基于溶致液晶芳香族聚酰胺的液晶纺丝技术在1972年推出的Kevlar系列高性能纤维产品,极大地推动了液晶高分子的飞速发展。近几十年来,基于热致液晶芳香族聚酯的高性能工程塑料如雨后春笋般不断涌现,高性能液晶高分子结构材料也成为全球研究热点。同时,侧链高分子液晶、聚合物分散液晶、聚合物稳定液晶、全息聚合物分散液晶以及新型结构的高分子液晶、超分子液晶在显示、传感、防伪、数据存储和电子封装等领域的应用也成为高性能液晶高分子功能材料的研究亮点。其中让我们倍感骄傲的是,我国科学家周其凤院士于1987年设计、合成了甲壳型液晶高分子,为液晶高分子科学与材料的发展做出了原创性贡献。当前,液晶材料的高分子化、高分子材料的液晶化已成为化学、材料、光学工程和信息工程等相关学科的重要研究方向,尤其近期在光存储、5G通讯领域中的应用备受关注。     

Molecular Architecture and Function of Polymeric Oriented Systems: Models for the Study of Organization,Surface Recognition,and Dynamics of Biomembranes

The Part and the Whole. The principle of self-organization for the creation of functional units is not an invention of modern natural sciences. It was already a basic idea of the ancient philosophies in Asia and Europe: only the mutuality of the parts creates the whole and its ability to function. Translated into the language of chemistry this means: the self-organization of molecules leads to supramolecular systems and is responsible for their functions. Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals are such functional units, formed by self-organization. As highly oriented systems, they exhibit new properties. The importance of lyotropic liquid crystals for the life sciences has been known for a long time. They are a prerequisite for the development of life and the ability of cells to function. In materials sciences this concept of function through organization led to the development of new liquid-crystalline materials. From the point of view of macromolecular chemistry, this review tries to combine these two different fields and especially hopes to stimulate their interaction and joint treatment. To exemplify this, the molecular architecture of polymeric organized systems will be discussed. Polymeric liquid crystals combine the ability to undergo spontaneous self-organization–typical of liquid-crystalline phases–with the polymer-specific property of stabilizing these ordered states. As new materials, polymeric liquid crystals have already been investigated intensively. As model systems for biomembranes as well as for the simulation of biomembrane processes, they so far have been little discussed. The intention of this review article is to show that polymer science is able to contribute to the simulation of cellular processes such as the stabilization of biomembranes, specific surface recognition, or even the “uncorking” of cells. Polymer science, having an old tradition as an inter-disciplinary field, can no longer restrict itself to common plastics. Attempts to reach new horizons have already begun. The borderland between liquid crystals and cells will certainly play an important role. Basic requirements to work in this frontier area between organic chemistry, membrane biology, life science, and materials science will be the delight in scientific adventures as well as the courage to go ahead. The most important prerequisite will be the willingness to cooperate with disciplines which so far have not really accepted each other. From this point of view, this review does not aim at giving defined answers. It wants instead to encourage the scientific venture: too often we cling to painfully acquired knowledge, fearing adventures.     

The Halogen Bond: An Emerging Supramolecular Tool in the Design of Functional Mesomorphic Materials

Owing to their dynamic attributes, non-covalent supramolecular interactions have enabled a new paradigm in the design and fabrication of multifunctional material systems with programmable properties, performances, and reconfigurable traits. Recently, the “halogen bond” has become an enticing supramolecular synthetic tool that displays a plethora of promising and advantageous characteristics. Consequently, this versatile and dynamic non-covalent interaction has been extensively harnessed in various fields such as crystal engineering, self-assembly, materials science, polymer chemistry, biochemistry, medicinal chemistry and nanotechnology. In recent years, halogen bonding has emerged as a tunable supramolecular synthetic tool in the design of functional liquid-crystalline materials with adjustable phases and properties. In this Concept article, the use of halogen bond in the field of stimuli-responsive smart soft materials, that is, liquid crystals is discussed. The design, synthesis and characterization of molecular and macromolecular liquid crystalline materials are described and the modulation of their properties has been emphasized. The power of halogen bonding in offering a large variety of functional liquid crystalline materials from readily accessible mesomorphic and non-mesomorphic complementary building blocks is highlighted. The article concludes with a perspective on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging endeavor towards the realization of enabling and elegant dynamic functional materials.     

Applications of pillarenes,an emerging class of synthetic macrocycles

Synthetic macrocycles, a typical type of building block for molecular recognition and self-assembly, are crucial to supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Since 2008, a new generation of synthetic macrocyclic hosts, pillarenes and their abundant derivatives, which consist of hydroquinone units linked by methylene bridges at 2,5-positions, have been the focus of much research. Numerous studies on their host-guest properties and the fabrication of supramolecular assemblies have demonstrated that pillarenes and their derivatives possess many advantages that facilitate their applications in many research fields. Herein we summarize and classify the applications of pillarenes in terms of artificial transmembrane channels, controlled delivery systems, dispersion of carbon hybrid materials, extraction and absorption, liquid crystals, metal-organic frameworks, sensing and detection, stabilization of nanoparticles (Au/Ag/CdTe), and other typical biological applications. We also provide an overview of future developments in pillarene chemistry.     

From self-organizing polymers to nanohybrid and biomaterials

Block copolymers form a large number of superlattices with characteristic dimensions in the range of a few nanometers up to several micrometers by self-organization. The interplay of supramolecular physics and chemistry opens up new approaches to the production of inorganic, organic, and biological structures and to their integration into functional units. Possible applications in the fields of materials science and molecular biology are being investigated. Block copolymers find numerous applications from the production of inorganic nanoparticles (metals, semiconductors, magnets) and mesoporous materials up to take-up/release systems in chemo- and gene therapy.     

Unleashing chemical power from protein sequence space toward genetically encoded “click” chemistry

We propose the concept of genetically encoded “click” chemistry (GECC) to describe the “perfect” peptide-protein reactive partners and use SpyTag/SpyCatcher chemistry as a prototype to illustrate their structural plasticity, robust interaction, and versatile applications.     

Coordination motifs in modern supramolecular chemistry

In this paper we describe the contribution of coordination chemistry to the creation and development of supramolecular chemistry. Both discrete- and infinite buildups are examined. The first group comprises metal-containing host molecules and organic acceptors for metal cations; the second includes coordination polymers, ionic -and liquid crystals. Their potential- and practical applications are briefly explained.     

Biological soft materials

With one or two exceptions, biological materials are "soft", meaning that they combine viscous and elastic elements. This mechanical behavior results from self-assembled supramolecular structures that are stabilized by noncovalent interactions. It is an ongoing and profound challenge to understand the self-organization of biological materials. In many cases, concepts can be imported from soft-matter physics and chemistry, which have traditionally focused on materials such as colloids, polymers, surfactants, and liquid crystals. Using these ideas, it is possible to gain a new perspective on phenomena as diverse as DNA condensation, protein and peptide fibrillization, lipid partitioning in rafts, vesicle fusion and budding, and others, as discussed in this selective review of recent highlights from the literature.     

超分子构筑调控合成结构规整的梯形聚合物及其应用研究

综述了"超分子构筑调控的逐步偶联/聚合法",该方法将高分子化学与超分子化学相结合,利用多种类型的超分子弱键协同作用首先构筑预期的梯形超分子结构,再经聚合得到共价键梯形高分子.利用该方法合成了一系列结构规整的氧桥基和有机桥基梯形聚硅氧烷以及碳基梯形聚酯,并利用侧基间π-π叠加作用实现了对聚合物立体构型控制.扼要介绍了梯形聚合物在先进材料方面的应用,例如梯形聚硅氧烷液晶光致取向膜;由梯形聚硅氧烷合成的管状聚硅氧烷在高室温储存期微电子环氧塑封料方面的应用;以及基于梯形聚硅氧烷的拟筛板聚合物在二阶非线性光学材料方面的应用等.