AB5型储氢合金及混合稀土的ICP—AES分析

对于制备镍氢电池负极材料的AB5型储氢合金，制备储氢合金的原材料混合稀土主体元素和杂质元素的分析方法进行了较为详尽的研究。利用仪器的功能软件初步选出各分析元素的多条谱线，通过综合考察各干扰元素对分析元素波长的干扰系数，确定出各元素的最佳分析波长，部分受干扰的元素用干扰系数校正法进行了校正。本法应用于实际产品分析，分析精密度为0．12％1．32％，回收率在94％－106％之间。     

富稀土元素合金中镧,铈,镨,钕,钐测定方法的研究

本文用美国Jarrell-Ash 9000型多道光量计,采用无基体匹配法对富稀土元素合金中镧、铈、镨、钕、钐进行了测定分析。对稀土元素较复杂的光谱干扰运用元素间干扰系数和自身干扰系数校正法进行校正。对其非光谱干扰采取加入内参比进行补偿。通过人工合成样分析和实际富稀土元素合金样品加标准回收实验,表明干扰系数内参比法是一种有前途的无基体匹配的定量分析法。     

ICP-AES中光谱干扰校正的计算方法

本文提出了ICP-AES中多元素共存且相互干扰时,对光谱干扰进行计算的校正方法。以三元系统为例,用下列联立方程式表达各元素间的相互影响, 其中X,Y,Z表示各元素实际含量,X′,Y′,Z′表示对应的实验值,A_b,A_c,B_a…等为干扰系数(A_b表示A对B的干扰系数,余类推)。利用高斯消去法求解,可得其中D=1+A_bB_cC_a+A_cB_aC_b-B_cC_b-A_bB_a-A_cC_a(3)将实验数据代入(2)及(3)式,可求出各元素的含量。一般情况下,干扰系数小于0.1,故若忽略其高次项,则得下式: 选取Ce(418.660nm),Pr(414.311nm),Nd(386.337nm)光谱线为分析线,对他们的五种不同配比的混合物进行实验及计算,用以校验上述公式。所得结果是可靠的。含量为1—5%时,相对误差在4%以内,含量10%—30%时,相对误差在2%以内,含量为～80%时,相对误差在1%以内。当分析物浓度在1%以上时,用(4)式计算的结果与用(2)式所得者基本一致。     

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定红景天中锌、铁、锰和钛

用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定红景天中锌、铁、锰和钛等元素。使用与分析样品基体相接近的标准样品和控制一致的测定条件,克服了物理干扰和基体效应的影响,选择波长为233.0,273.9,257.6,334.9nm4条谱线分别作为测定锌、铁、锰和钛的分析线,测得4种元素的检出限(3s)为0.004—0.05μg/mL。本法测定红景天中4种金属元素的含量,相对标准偏差(n=7)在2.2%—4.2%之间,加标回收率在96.4%—115.2%之间。     

ICP-AES同时测定镍锰钴硅铁铌硼合金中钴、铌、铁和硼

用全谱直读ICP-AES分析技术,对试样溶解方法、元素分析谱线、共存元素干扰、背景校正、仪器分析参数等进行了研究,综合确定了最佳实验条件。将镍锰钴硅铁铌硼合金试样用硝酸、氢氟酸溶解,ICP-AES直接测定钴、铌、铁、硼。测定范围为：Co0.5%—12%、Fe0.1%—3%、Nb0.1%—5%、B0.05%—1.0%。加标回收率为96.6%—103.7%,相对标准偏差为0.37%—4.56%。方法简便、快速、准确。     

聚氨酯人造革中Pb和Cd的ICP-AES测定

ICP- AES法测定聚氨脂人造革中 Pb、Cd两元素 ,研究了干扰情况 ,确定了各元素的检出限 ,方法回收率在 97%— 110 %之间 ,RSD均小于 5 .0 % ,该法用于样品测定 ,结果令人满意     

ICP-AES测定钛基复合材料中镍、钕和铁的研究

采用ICP－AES法对钛基复合材料中的合金元素镍、钕、铁的测定进行了研究，着重进行了基体元素及待测元素镍、钕、铁之间干扰试验及各元素在测定浓度范围内的线性相关性试验，进行了酸度试验，测定了钛基复合材料中3种元素的含量，得到了较好的精密度和准确度。方法简便、可靠，获得满意的分析结果。     

金属掺杂钨基合金阴极的二次电子发射系数研究

实验中制备了W-Re,W-Sc,W-Zr,W-Y合金阴极,其中Re,Sc,Zr,Y元素所占合金阴极材料的质量分数都为5%。二次电子发射系数测试结果显示,Re掺杂合金阴极对提高纯钨阴极二次电子发射能力显著,掺杂5%Re的W-Re合金阴极材料具有最大二次电子发射系数,其值为1.8,相比于纯钨阴极,能够提高80%。鉴于Re对提高纯钨阴极二次电子发射能力显著,对Re掺杂质量分数分别为20%,10%,6%,5%,4%,3%W-Re合金阴极材料二次电子发射系数进行了研究,发现随着Re在W-Re合金阴极材料中含量的降低,其二次电子发射系数在不断增大,仅当Re含量下降至5%左右时,合金阴极具有最大二次电子发射系数,继续下降至4%,合金阴极二次电子发射系数不但没有升高,相反下降至1.41,当下降至3%时,合金阴极二次电子发射系数值迅速降低为1.1。     

开放式微波消化-ICP-MS法快速测定食品中多种微量元素

开放式微波消解系统消化食品样品 ,以 45Sc、89Y、1 1 5In、2 0 9Bi作内标元素抑制分析信号的动态漂移 ,加入 1 %异丙醇消除 C元素对 As、Se等元素的干扰 ,建立食品中多种元素同时测定的ICP- MS方法。对 4类食品 (奶粉、鹅肝酱、水果片、燕麦片 )中的 1 2种元素 (Al、Cr、Ni、Ge、As、Se、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb、Hg)进行了直接测定 ,绝大部分回收率在 85 %— 1 1 0 %之间 ;线性相关系数均大于 0 .999;精密度 (RSD)值 <1 0 %。对国家标准物质 (SRM)进行了分析 ,测得值与标准参考值相吻合。该法灵敏度、精密度和准确度都能满足有关标准的要求 ,具有多元素同时分析、样品前处理简单、干扰少、测定快速准确 ,省事省力等优点。     

离子交换-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锆锡合金中痕量杂质元素

锆锡合金具有优异的核性能,被广泛应用于核工业领域,其中的杂质元素含量通常控制在很低水平。电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)是一种可进行多元素同时分析的无机质谱技术,已普遍应用于冶金分析领域。ICP-MS具有图谱简单、灵敏度高等优点,但也不可避免地存在质谱干扰问题,需要用其他辅助手段予以解决。ICP-MS测定锆锡合金中Cd含量时其所有同位素均被Zr和Sn的多原子离子或同质异位素干扰,需要进行基体分离。建立了ICP-MS测定锆锡合金中Cd, Al, B, Mg等11种痕量杂质元素含量的方法,其中Cd, Mg等6种元素经微型阳离子交换柱分离富集后测定,同时采用干扰校正方程校正了~(113)In对~(113)Cd的潜在干扰;其他杂质元素离子不经分离直接采用内标法测定。在稀氢氟酸介质中, Cd~(2+)等杂质离子被吸附在阳离子交换柱上,而Zr则形成络阴离子不被吸附,杂质元素与基体元素Zr分离并获得富集。杂质离子以盐酸洗脱后用ICP-MS检测,消除了测定Cd时Zr基体对其产生的干扰。主要研究了Cd元素与Zr基体的分离条件,包括上柱酸度、淋洗酸度、洗脱酸度、进样浓度和流速,同时考察了其他杂质元素在经优化实验获得的分离条件下的行为。结果表明, Mg, Mn, Co, Cu, Pb 5种元素具有与Cd类似的分离富集行为,可以同时进行测定。最终获得的分离条件为:流速2 mL·min~(-1),泵入2 mL浓度为50 mg·mL~(-1)的样品(上柱酸度为0.5%氢氟酸),用0.5%氢氟酸淋洗9 min,用10%盐酸洗脱4.5 min后测定。方法的分离周期约为15 min,各元素的检出限介于0.005 8～0.21μg·g~(-1)之间,回收率在85%～110%之间, RSD值小于5%。采用本方法测定了Zr-zirlo核级锆锡合金样品中11种杂质元素的含量,结果的精密度和准确度均满足相应产品标准的要求。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.