Equilibrium isotherms and isosteric heat for CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> adsorption on nanoporous carbons from polymers

Four nanoporous carbons obtained from different polymers: polypyrrole, polyvinylidene fluoride, sulfonated styrene–divinylbenzene resin, and phenol–formaldehyde resin, were investigated as potential adsorbents for carbon dioxide. CO₂ adsorption isotherms measured at eight temperatures between 0 and 60 °C were used to study adsorption properties of these polymer-derived carbons, especially CO₂ uptakes at ambient pressure and different temperatures, working capacity, and isosteric heat of adsorption. The specific surface areas and the volumes of micropores and ultramicropores estimated for these materials by using the density functional theory-based software for pore size analysis ranged from 840 to 1990 m² g^?1, from 0.22 to 1.47 cm³ g^?1, and from 0.18 to 0.64 cm³ g^?1, respectively. The observed differences in the nanoporosity of these carbons had a pronounced effect on the CO₂ adsorption properties. The highest CO₂ uptakes, 6.92 mmol g^?1 (0 °C, 1 atm) and 1.89 mmol g^?1 (60 °C, 1 atm), were obtained for the polypyrrole-derived activated carbon prepared through a single carbonization-KOH activation step. The working capacity for this adsorbent was estimated to be 3.70 mmol g^?1. Depending on the adsorbent, the CO₂ isosteric heats of adsorption varied from 32.9 to 16.3 kJ mol^?1 in 0–2.5 mmol g^?1 range. Overall, the carbons studied showed well-developed microporosity and exceptional CO₂ adsorption, which make them viable candidates for CO₂ capture, and for other adsorption and environmental-related applications.     

Thermodynamic study of triclosan adsorption from aqueous solutions on activated carbon

The change in the thermodynamic properties of triclosan adsorption on three activated carbons with the different surface chemistry was studied through immersion calorimetry and equilibrium data; the amount adsorbed of triclosan (Q) during calorimetry was determined and correlated with the energy associated with adsorbate–adsorbent interactions in the adsorption process. It was noted that triclosan adsorption capacity decreases with an increase in oxygenated surface groups. For an activated carbon oxidized with HNO₃ (OxAC), the amount adsorbed was 8.50?×?10^?3 mmol g^?1, for a activated carbon without modification (GAC) Q?=?10.3?×?10^?3 mmol g^?1 and for a activated carbon heated at 1073 K (RAC1073) Q?=?11.4?×?10^?3 mmol g^?1. The adsorbed amounts were determined by adjusting the isotherms to the Sips model. For the activated carbon RAC1073, the immersion enthalpy (ΔH_imm) was greater than those of the other two activated carbons due to the formation of interactions with the solvent (ΔH_immOxAC?=?? 27.3 J g^?1?<?ΔH_immGAC?=?? 40.0 J g^?1?<?ΔH_imm RAC1073?=???60.7 J g^?1). The changes in the interaction enthalpy and Gibbs energy are associated with adsorbate–adsorbent interactions and side interactions such as the adsorbate–adsorbate and adsorbate–solvent interactions.

     

Kinetics,isotherm and thermodynamics for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions by crystalline hydrous titanium oxide

The synthetic crystalline hydrous titanium(IV) oxide (CHTO), an anatase variety and thermally stable up to 300 °C, has been used for adsorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from the aqueous solutions, the optimum pH-values of which are 5.0 and 1.5, respectively. The kinetic data correspond very well to the pseudo-second order equation. The rates of adsorption are controlled by the film (boundary layer) diffusion, and increase with increasing temperature. The equilibrium data describe very well the Langmuir, Redlich–Peterson, and Toth isotherms. The monolayer adsorption capacities are high, and increased with increasing temperature. The evaluated ΔG^° (kJ · mol^?1) and ΔH^° (kJ · mol^?1) indicate the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the reactions. The adsorptions occur with increase in entropy (ΔS^° = positive), and the mean free energy (E_DR) values obtained by analysis of equilibrium data with Dubinin–Radushkevick equation indicate the ion-exchange mechanism for Cr(III) and Cr(VI)-adsorptions.     

Phosphoric acid activated carbon as borderline and soft metal ions scavenger

Three activated carbons have been prepared, two from oil-palm shell and one from coconut shell, by the phosphoric acid activation process. Adsorption isotherms of copper(II) were determined to evaluate and compare the performance of experimental carbons. The obtained data are fitted very well to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. All prepared activated carbons show 4–7-fold high adsorption capacity (q_max 19.5–23/18.6–21?mg?g^?1) than that of the commercial ones (q_max 5.6/2.9?mg?g^?1) under the conducted experimental conditions. The mechanism of adsorption was evaluated from the competitive adsorption of copper(II) and calcium(II) in a binary solution depending on their behaviour as Lewis acid and assessed as inner-sphere complexation. The competitive adsorption of copper(II) with other borderline and soft metal ions was evaluated by the best scavenger using a solution of ternary solute of copper(II), nickel(II) and lead(II). The adsorption selectivity order is determined as follows: Pb?>?Cu???Ni.     

Immersion enthalpy and the constants of Langmuir model in the 3-chloro phenol adsorption on activated carbon

The adsorption process of 3-chloro phenol from aqueous solution on a activated carbon prepared from African palm stone and which presents a specific surface area of 685 m² g⁻¹, a greater quantity of total acid groups and a pH_PZC of 6.8 is studied. The adsorption isotherms are determined at pH values of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. The adsorption isotherms are fitted to the Langmuir model and the values of the maximum quantity adsorbed that are between 96.2 and 46.4 mg g⁻¹ are obtained along with the constant K_L with values between 0.422 and 0.965 L mg⁻¹. The maximum quantity adsorbed diminishes with the pH and the maximum value for this is a pH of 5. The immersion enthalpies of the activated carbon in a 3-chloro phenol solution of constant concentration, of 100 mg L⁻¹, are determined for the different pH levels, with results between 37.6 and 21.2 J g⁻¹. Immersion enthalpies of the activated carbon in function of 3-chloro phenol solution concentration are determined to pH 5, of maximum adsorption, with values between 28.3 and 38.4 J g⁻¹, and by means of linearization, the maximum immersion enthalpy is calculated, with a value of 41.67 J g⁻¹. With the results of the immersion enthalpy, maximum quantity adsorbed and the constant K_L, establish relations that describe the adsorption process of 3-chloro phenol from aqueous solution on activated carbon.     

Adsorption of methyl orange using activated carbon prepared from lignin by ZnCl2 treatment

Lignocellulosic materials are good and cheap precursors for the production of activated carbon. In this study, activated carbons were prepared from the lignin at different temperatures (200 to 500°C) by ZnCl₂. The effects influencing the surface area of the resulting activated carbon are activation temperature, activation time and impregnation ratio. The optimum condition, are found an impregnation ratio of 2, an activation temperature of 450°C, and an activation time of 2 h. The results showed that the surface area and micropores volume of activated carbon at the experimental conditions are achieved to 587 and 0.23 cm³ g^?1, respectively. The adsorption behavior of methyl orange dye from aqueous solution onto activated lignin was investigated as a function of equilibrium time, pH and concentration. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. A maximum adsorption capacity of 300 mg g^?1 of methyl orange by activated carbon was achieved.     

Optimizing adsorptive removal of malachite green and methyl orange dyes from simulated wastewater by Mn‐doped CuO‐Nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon using CCD‐RSM: Mechanism,regeneration, isotherm,kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

In the present work, Mn‐doped CuO‐NPs‐AC was prepared by a simple method, characterized using various techniques such as FESEM, EDX, XRD, PSD, and pH_pzc and finally used for the adsorption of malachite green (MG) and methyl orange (MO) in a number of single and binary solutions. A series of adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate and optimize the influence of various factors (such as different pH, concentration of MG and MO, adsorbent mass, and sonication time) on the simultaneous adsorption of MG and MO using response surface methodology. Under optimal conditions of pH 10, adsorbent dose of 0.02 g, MG concentration of 30 mg L^?1, MO concentration of 30 mg L^?1, and sonication time of 4.5 min at room temperature, the maximum predicted adsorption was observed to be 100.0%, for both MG and MO, showing that there is a favorable harmony between the experimental data and model predictions. The adsorption isotherm of MO and MG by Mn‐doped CuO‐NPs‐AC could be well clarified by the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 320.69 mg g^?1 and 290.11 mg g^?1 in the single solution and 233.02 mg g^?1 and 205.53 mg g^?1 in the binary solution by 0.005 g of adsorbent mass for MG and MO, respectively. Kinetic studies also revealed that both MG and MO adsorption were better defined by the pseudo‐second order model for both solutions. In addition, the thermodynamic constant studies disclosed that the adsorption of MG and MO was likely to be influenced by a physisorption mechanism. Eventually, the reusability of the Mn‐doped CuO‐NPs‐AC after six times showed a reduction in the adsorption percentage of MG and MO.     

A synthesis of porous activated carbon materials derived from vitamin B9 base for CO2 capture and conversion

CO₂ capture and conversion are still a favorable way to reduce CO₂ in the atmosphere. Herein, we have developed an environmentally friendly, low energy consumption porous activated carbon from vitamin B9 carbonaceous material for CO₂ capture and conversion materials. It is demonstrated that the KOH/vitamin B9 carbonaceous material impregnation ratio of 2 is the optimum condition for obtaining porous activated carbons with high specific surface area of 1903 m²g^-1, micropore surface area of 710 m²g^-1, total pore volume of 1.05 cm³g^-1 and micropore volume of 0.38 cm³g^-1. Among all the porous activated carbons prepared, the porous activated carbon synthesized with the KOH/vitamin B9 carbonaceous material impregnation ratio of 2 registers the most excellent CO₂ capture for 5.41 mmolg^?1 at 0 °C/1 bar and 3.66 mmolg^?1 at 25 °C/1 bar. They can also effectively catalyze the cycloaddition of CO₂ and epoxides under mild conditions (1 bar, 100 °C and 8 h) with a yield of 89–94%. The synthesized porous carbon materials from vitamin B9 is a promising candidate material for CO₂ capture and fixation.     

Adsorptive removal of phenol by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: Equilibrium,kinetics and thermodynamics

Present study deals with the adsorption of phenol on carbon rich bagasse fly ash (BFA) and activated carbon-commercial grade (ACC) and laboratory grade (ACL). BFA is a solid waste obtained from the particulate collection equipment attached to the flue gas line of the bagasse-fired boilers of cane sugar mills. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like initial pH (pH₀), contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration (C₀) on the removal of phenol. C₀ varied from 75 to 300 mg/l for the adsorption isotherm studies and the effect of temperature on adsorption. Optimum conditions for phenol removal were found to be pH₀ ≈ 6.5, adsorbent dose ≈10 g/l of solution and equilibrium time ≈5 h. Adsorption of phenol followed pseudo-second order kinetics with the initial sorption rate for adsorption on ACL being the highest followed by those on BFA and ACC. The effective diffusion coefficient of phenol is of the order of 10⁻¹⁰ m²/s. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of phenol on BFA, ACC and ACL were analysed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Redlich–Peterson, Radke–Prausnitz and Toth isotherm models using non-linear regression technique. Redlich–Peterson isotherm was found to best represent the data for phenol adsorption on all the adsorbents. The change in entropy (ΔS°) and heat of adsorption (ΔH°) for phenol adsorption on BFA were estimated as 1.8 MJ/kg K and 0.5 MJ/kg, respectively. The high negative value of change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) indicates the feasible and spontaneous adsorption of phenol on BFA. The values of isosteric heat of adsorption varied with the surface loading of phenol.     

Relation between immersion enthalpies of activated carbons in different liquids,textural properties,and phenol adsorption

The immersion enthalpies in benzene, cyclohexane, water, and phenol aqueous solution with a concentration of 100 mg L^?1 are determined for eight activated carbons obtained from peach seeds (Prunus persica) by thermal activation with CO₂ at different temperatures and times of activation. The results obtained for the immersion enthalpy show values between ?4.0 and ?63.9 J g^?1 for benzene, ?3.0 and ?47.9 J g^?1 for cyclohexane, ?10.1 and ?43.6 J g^?1 for water, and ?11.1 and ?45.8 J g^?1 for phenol solution. From nitrogen adsorption isotherms, the surface area, micropore volume, and average pore diameter of the activated carbons were obtained. These parameters are related with the immersion enthalpies, and the obtained trends are directly proportional with two first parameters in the nonpolar solvents, which is a behavior of microporous activated carbons with hydrophobic character. Phenol adsorption from aqueous solution on activated carbons is proportional to their surface area and their immersion enthalpy in the solution.     

Evaluation of an activated carbon from olive stones used as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal from aqueous phases

The performance of a microporous activated carbon prepared chemically from olive stones for removing Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from single and binary aqueous solutions was investigated via the batch technique. The activated carbon sample was characterized using N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and Boehm titration. The effect of initial pH and contact time were studied. Adsorption kinetic rates were found to be fast and kinetic experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption isotherms fit the Redlich–Peterson model very well and maximum adsorption amounts of single metal ions solutions follow the trend Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Cu(II). The adsorption behavior of binary solution systems shows a relatively high affinity to Cu(II) at the activated carbon surface of the mixture with Cd(II) or Pb(II). An antagonistic competitive adsorption phenomenon was observed. Desorption experiments indicated that about 59.5% of Cu(II) and 23% of Cd(II) were desorbed using a diluted sulfuric acid solution.     

Sol–gel derived ion imprinted thiocyanato-functionalized silica gel as selective adsorbent of cadmium(II)

A Cd(II)-imprinted thiocyanato-functionalized silica gel adsorbent with high adsorption capacity was prepared by surface imprinting technique combined with sol–gel process for the selective adsorption of Cd(II) ion in aqueous solution, and was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen gas sorption and thermogravimetric analysis. The influences of different conditions (such as the pH of solutions, the contact time and the initial concentrations of Cd(II) ions) on the adsorption capacity of Cd(II) were investigated. The optimum pH of adsorption was in the range of 4–8.5. The adsorption equilibrium could be reached in 20 min. The relatively selectivity coefficients of the imprinted silica were higher than those of the non-imprinted adsorbents. Ho’s pseudo-second-order model well described the kinetics of the adsorption reaction. The adsorption process of metals followed Redlich–Peterson isotherm model, and the experimental value of maximum adsorption capacity for Cd(II) was 72.8 mg·g^?1. The positive value of ΔH ^o suggested endothermic nature of Cd(II) adsorption on the imprinted silica adsorbent. Increase in entropy of adsorption reaction was shown by the positive value of ΔS ^o and the negative value of ΔG ^o indicating that the adsorption was spontaneous in nature.     

Optimization and mass transfer simulation of remazol brilliant blue R dye adsorption onto meranti wood based activated carbon

Remazol brilliant blue R dye (RBBR) brings toxicity to living organisms once it enters the environment. This study utilized response surface methodology (RSM) and Polymath software for optimization and mass transfer simulation purposes, respectively. RSM revealed that the optimum preparation conditions of meranti wood-based activated carbon (MWAC) were 441 W, 5.76 min, and 1.35 g/g for radiation power, radiation time, and KOH:char impregnation ratio (IR), respectively, which translated into 86.39 mg/g of RBBR uptakes and 31.94 % of MWAC’s yield. The simulation study predicted the mass transfer rate, r_m to be 112.20 to 1007.50 s^?1 and the adsorption rate, k₁ to be 3.96 to 4.34 h^?1. The developed model predicted the adsorption surface area, a_m to be 790.04 m²/g and this value is highly accurate as compared to the actual mesopores surface area of 825.58 m²/g. Mechanism analysis divulged that the interaction that occurred between RBBR molecules and MWAC’s surface were hydrogen bond (methylene and alkyne), dipole–dipole force (alkyl carbonate, terminal alkyne, and methoxy), and ion–dipole force (primary amine). The isotherm and kinetic studies found that the adsorption data obeyed the Freundlich model and pseudo-first-order (PFO) model the best, respectively. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity, Q_m was computed to be 327.33 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to be ?4.06 kJ mol^?1, 0.06 kJ mol^?1 K^?1, –22.69 kJ mol^?1, and 16.03 kJ mol^?1 for ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG°, and E_a, respectively, which signified the adsorption process studied was exothermic, spontaneous and governed by physisorption.     

Remediation of Cd2+ in aqueous systems by alkali-modified (Ca) biochar and quantitative analysis of its mechanism

Co-pyrolysis of straw and Ca(OH)₂ is a feasible modification method to improve the adsorption capacity of biochar for Cd. However, few studies have quantitatively analyzed the contribution of different adsorption mechanisms of alkali-modified biochar. In this study, the alkali-modified (Ca) biochar were prepared by co-pyrolyzing lime (Ca(OH)₂) and soybean straw (SBB) or rape straw (RSB) at 450 °C. The adsorption mechanism was investigated by a series of experiments and was provided by quantitative analysis. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cd²⁺ by Ca-SBB and Ca-RSB were calculated to be 78.49 mg g^?1 and 49.96 mg g^?1, which were 1.56 and 1.48 times higher than SBB (50.40 mg g^?1) and RSB (33.79 mg g^?1), respectively. Compared with the original biochar (SBB, RSB), alkali-modified biochar (Ca-SBB and Ca-RSB) were found to have faster adsorption kinetics and lower desorption efficiencies. The mechanism study indicated that Ca(OH)₂ modification effectively enhanced the contribution of ion exchange and decreased the contribution of functional groups complexation. After Ca(OH)₂ modification, precipitation and ion exchange mechanisms dominated Cd^2 + absorption on Ca-SBB, accounting for 49.85% and 34.94% of the total adsorption, respectively. Similarily ion exchange and precipitation were the main adsorption mechanism on Ca-RSB, accounting however for 61.91% and 18.47% of total adsorption, respectively. These results suggested that alkali-modified biochar has great potential to adsorp cadmium in wastewater.     

Hierarchically porous tobacco midrib-based biochar prepared by a simple dual-templating approach for highly efficient Rhodamine B removal

High volatile matter contents in the feedstock could promote the development of porous structures and the reactivity of biochar. Herein, tobacco midrib with high volatile matter contents was used to prepare biochar by a dual-templating approach with mild activators (K₂C₂O₄·H₂O, CaCO₃). The characterizations of textural properties indicated that tobacco midrib-based biochar possessed numerous meso-, micro-, and macro-pores, specific surface area reached 1841.9 m² g^?1. As a dye adsorbent, the adsorption capacity of this biochar towards Rhodamine B reached 588.7 mg g^?1. After recycling 5 times, it still retained over 90% of its initial adsorption capacity. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters assessed with full vańt Hoff equation confirmed that dye molecules replace water molecules connected on biochar surface during the adsorption according to negative heat capacity change (-3.9 kJ mol^?1 K^?1), ΔH⁰ (–22.1 kJ mol^?1) and ΔS⁰ (0.3 kJ mol^?1) revealed that the adsorption process of Rh B by TMB was exothermic and the disorder of the solid–liquid interface increased. Overall, this research provides a mild and effective approach to modifying biochar from special tissue of agriculture waste and an insight into the process of dye adsorption on biochar from thermodynamics.     

Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions using nanoporous ZnO prepared with microwave-assisted combustion synthesis

The adsorption of the uranyl ions from aqueous solutions on the nanoporous ZnO powders has been investigated under different experimental conditions. The adsorption of uranyl on nanoporous ZnO powders were examined as a function of the contact times, pH of the solution, concentration of uranium(VI) and temperature. The ability of this material to remove U(VI) from aqueous solution was followed by a series of Langmuir and Freunlinch adsorption isotherms. The adsorption percent and distribution coefficient for nanoporous ZnO powders were 98.65 % ± 1.05 and 7,304 mL g^?1, respectively. The optimum conditions were found as at pH 5.0, contact time 1 h, at 1/5 Zn²⁺/urea ratio, 50 ppm U(VI) concentration and 303 K. The monomolecular adsorption capacity of nanoporous ZnO powders for U(VI) was found to be 1,111 mg g^?1 at 303 K. Using the thermodynamic equilibrium constants obtained at different temperatures, various thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°, have been calculated. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° = 28.1 kJ mol ^?1, ΔS° = 160.30 J mol^?1 K^?1, ΔG° = ?48.54 kJ mol^?1) showed the endothermic and spontaneous of the process. The results suggested that nanoporous ZnO powders was suitable as sorbent material for recovery and adsorption of U(VI) ions from aqueous solutions.     

Contribution enthalpic in the interaction of activated carbon with polar and apolar solvents

A method is presented for calculating the contribution that enthalpies make for every component of mixtures of activated carbon–water and activated carbon–hexane to the immersion enthalpy using the concepts that are used in the solution enthalpies. The immersion enthalpies of microporous activated carbon in water and in hexane have values from ?18.97 to ?27.21 and ?25.23 to ?47.89 J g^?1, respectively. From the immersion enthalpies and mass relation of the activated carbon in each of the solvents, the differential enthalpies are calculated for the activated carbon in water, Hw_DIFac, with values between ?15.95 and ?26.81 J g^?1, as are the differential enthalpies for the activated carbon in hexane, ΔHh_DIFac, with values between ?6.86 and ?46.97 J g^?1. For a low mass relation of the mixture components the contributions to the immersion enthalpy of the activated carbon and water differ by 3.20 J g^?1, while the difference between the contributions of the activated carbon and hexane is 19.41 J g^?1.     

Isotherms,kinetics, and thermodynamics of boron adsorption on fibrous polymeric chelator containing glycidol moiety optimized with response surface method

A fibrous boron chelator containing glycidol moiety (PE/PP-g-PVAm-G) was prepared by radiation induced grafting of N-vinylformamide (NVF) onto polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP) non-woven sheet followed by hydrolysis and immobilization of glycidol moiety. The glycidol density was controlled by optimization of the reaction parameters using the Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). The properties of the PE/PP-g-PVAm-G were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). A maximum glycidol density yield of 5.0 mmol·g⁻¹ was obtained with 11.8 vol%, 78.9 °C and 109.4 min for glycidol concentration, reaction temperature and time, respectively. The isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic behavior of boron adsorption on the optimized chelator were investigated. The boron adsorption was pH-dependent and attained a maximum adsorption capacity of 25.7 mg·g⁻¹. The equilibrium isotherm proceeded by Redlich–Peterson model whereas the kinetics was best expressed by the pseudo-second-order equation. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that boron adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. The fibrous chelator demonstrated high boron selectivity and strong resistance to foreign ions with uncompromised regeneration efficiency after five adsorption/desorption cycles. The PE/PP-g-PVAm-G chelator seems to be very promising for boron removal from aqueous media.     

Insight from adsorption properties of Xylidyl Blue embedded hydrogel for effective removal of uranyl: Experimental and theoretical approaches

Applications of a hybrid material consisting of polyacrylamide (PAA) and Xylidyl Blue (XB) for the removal of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated with all details. Adsorption experiments were performed at batch mode and constant temperature. Experimental parameters affecting adsorption process such as pH, initial uranyl concentration, time and temperature were studied on the removal of the uranyl ions. The isotherms assays were carried out with synthetic solutions and adsorption data were evaluated by using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. Morphological and chemical characterizations of new synthesized material were investigated by UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and SEM/EDX techniques and pH_pzc experiments. The results of the kinetic experiments are consistent with pseudo-second-order models and intra-particle diffusion models with a slightly better fit to the latter. Equilibrium was achieved within 3 h. The value of rate constant for adsorption process was calculated as 1.055 mol⁻¹ kg min⁻¹ at 318 K. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) indicated that the adsorption of uranyl ions onto XB@PAA was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic nature under the studied temperature. The developed material has also a potential as a sensor because its color turn from pink to red by adsorption of uranyl ions.