N,N-dimethyl-selenobenzamide: two solid phases and low-temperature phase change

Two polymorphs (I: mp 49.0–50.0°C; II: mp 80.0–82.0°C) of N,N-dimethyl-selenobenzamide, (CH₃)₂NC(Se)Ph, have been observed. Both I and II can be prepared separately using the same reaction under different conditions. The phase change from phase I to phase II occurs at low temperatures and this has been confirmed by solid state NMR (¹³C), powder X-ray, and single-crystal structural studies. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study reveals that the lower melting point form (phase I) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with two conformations in the unit cell, while the higher melting point form (phase II) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with one conformation in the unit cell. Theoretical calculations on model clusters using the Universal Forcefield (UFF) show that the total energy of phase I (triclinic form) is 5.9 kcal per mol molecule higher than that of phase II (monoclinic form). Also, the immersion energy which is due to non-bonding interactions, namely Van der Waals and Coulombic (electrostatic) terms, has been calculated using UFF. The Van der Waals terms were very similar in the two crystalline forms (triclinic: −43.1 kcal mol⁻¹; monoclinic: −44.8 kcal mol⁻¹), but the Coulombic terms were significantly different (triclinic: −14.0 kcal mol⁻¹; monoclinic: −31.5 kcal mol⁻¹) and favor the monoclinic form. The triclinic form (phase I) is a kinetically favored metastable phase and upon cooling it changes to the monoclinic form (phase II), a thermodynamically stable phase.     

Electronic absorption study on acid–base equilibria for some pyrimidine derivatives containing semi- and thiosemicarbazone moiety

The UV–vis spectra of recently synthesized 5-benzoyl-1-(methylphenylmethyleneamino)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrimidine-2-one, (I), and 5-benzoyl-1-(methylphenylmethyleneamino)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrimidine-2-thione, (II) were studied in aqueous methanol (5%, v/v methanol). The nature of the electronic transitions and the roles of carbonyl oxygen of I and thiocarbonyl sulfur of II on the behavior of UV–vis spectra were discussed.Acid–base equilibria of the compounds against varying pH and pK_a values related equilibria were determined at an ionic strength of 0.10 M by using the Henderson–Haselbalch equation. The mean acidity constants for the protonated forms of the compounds were determined as pK_a1 = 5.121, pK_a2 = 7.929 and pK_a3 = 11.130 for I and pK_a1 = 4.684, pK_a2 = 7.245 and pK_a3 = 10.630 for II. The preferred dissociation mechanisms were discussed based on UV–vis data and a mechanism was proposed for each compound.     

Synthesis and characterization of new poly(ester-amide)s containing diarylidenecyclohexanone in the main chain. Part: II

A new category of poly(ester-amide)s based on diarylidenecyclohexanone in the main chain were synthesized via interfacial polycondensation of two monomers namely: 2,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone I and 2,6-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone II with diacid chlorides IIIa–c. The model compounds were synthesized by reacting one mole of compounds IVa–c with two monomers I and II. The structure of the model compounds was confirmed by correct elemental and spectral analyses. The various characteristics of the resulting polymers including: solubility, viscosity, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis were determined and discussed. The majority of the polymers were insoluble in most common organic solvents. The viscosity measurements in dimethylsulfoxide showed the values 0.58–0.79 dl/g. Thermal analysis showed that they were thermally stable up to 500 °C. X-ray analysis showed that the polymers had some degree of crystallinity in the region 2θ = 5–50°.     

Synthesis of open-framework iron phosphates, [C5N2H14]2[FeIII2F2(HPO4)4]·2H2O and [C5N2H14][FeIII4(H2O)4F2(PO4)4], with one- and three-dimensional structures

The hydrothermal syntheses and structures of two new open-framework iron phosphates, [C₅N₂H₁₄]₂[Fe^III₂F₂(HPO₄)₄]·2H₂O, I, and [C₅N₂H₁₄][Fe^III₄(H₂O)₄F₂(PO₄)₄], II, are presented. While the structure of I consist of FeO₄F₂ octahedra and HPO₄ terahedra linked to form one-dimensional structure, that of II consist of FeO₄(H₂O)₂, FeO₄(H₂O)F, FeO₄F₂ and PO₄ units connected to give rise to a three-dimensional structure. The structure of I resembles the naturally occurring mineral tancoite while II resembles the iron phosphate, ULM-12, [C₆N₂H₁₄][Fe₄(PO₄)₂F₂(H₂O)₃]. Magnetic susceptibility studies indicate anti-ferromagnetic behavior in both the compounds with T_N=200 and 175 K for I and II, respectively. Crystal data: I, monoclinic, space group=P2₁/n (no. 14). a=7.2261(6), b=16.5731(14), c=11.0847(10) Å, β=97.265(2)°, V=1316.8(2) Å³, Z=4, ρ_calc=1.952 g cm⁻¹, μ_(MoKα)=1.446 mm⁻¹, R₁=0.0448 and wR₂=0.1141 for 1882 data [I>2σ(I)]; for II, monoclinic, space group=P2₁/n (no. 14). a=9.9691(3), b=12.4013(3), c=17.3410(3) Å, β=103.762(1)°, V=2082.32(9) Å³, Z=4, ρ_calc=2.576 g cm⁻¹, μ_(MoKα)=3.162 mm⁻¹, R₁=0.0510 and wR₂=0.1064 for 2979 data [I>2σ(I)].     

New transition metal sulfates templated by 1,4-butanediamine, (C4H14N2)[MII(H2O)6](SO4)2·4H2O (MII: Co,Ni): Structure,reactivity and thermal decomposition

Two new hybrid materials, (C₄H₁₄N₂)[M^II(H₂O)₆](SO₄)₂·4H₂O (M^II: Co (I), Ni (II)), have been synthesised by slow evaporation method at room temperature and crystallographically characterized. They crystallise isotypically in the monoclinic system, space group P2₁/n, with the following unit-cell parameters a = 9.2285(3), b = 11.3333(4), c = 10.6693(4) Å, β = 109.004(2)°, Z = 2 and V = 1055.07(6) Å³ for I and a = 9.2127(2), b = 11.3182(2), c = 10.6434(2) Å, β = 109.094(1)°, Z = 2 and V = 1048.74(4) Å³ for II. The structure of the two supramolecular compounds consists of metallic cation octahedrally coordinated to six water molecules, sulfate anions, 1,4-butanediammonium cation and water molecules linked together via two types of hydrogen bonds, O–H?O and N–H?O. The two compounds are not stable at room temperature and their partial dehydration depends on the humidity of the environment. The thermal decomposition of precursors, studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (TDXD), shows successive intermediate hydrates and crystalline anhydrous compounds upon dehydration.     

Spin crossover behavior in two-dimensional bimetallic coordination polymer FeII(3-bromo-4-picoline)2[AuI(CN)2]2: Synthesis,crystal structures,and magnetic properties

A new novel 2D network bimetallic Fe^IIAu^I spin crossover coordination compound based on 3-bromo-4-picoline and bridged cyano ligands, {Fe^II(3-bromo-4-picoline)₂[Au^I(CN)₂]₂}_n (1), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and IR, using single-crystal X-ray analysis at 293 K and at 90 K and magnetic measurements. The Fe^II ions in 1 have octahedral FeN₆ coordination geometries, which are linked by a [Au^I(CN)₂]^? unit at the equatorial plane to form a polymeric 2D sheet architecture. The two pyridine rings coordinate at the axial positions. The structure of 1 comprises parallel 2D arrays and the layers interact by pairs, defining bilayers with strong binuclear aurophilic Au?Au interactions. Furthermore, intermolecular Au?Br and Br?Br distances in 1 are significantly smaller than the sums of the van der Waals radii. Variable-temperature (2–300 K) magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1 have been performed to determine behaviors of spin transition. The susceptibility data of 1 indicates that about 50% of the HS states are changed to LS states at 75 K. The Fe–N bond distances at 90 K show that ratio of high spin states agree with the SQUID data.     

Anisotropic exchange in a tetranuclear CoII complex

Very high-frequency (50–715 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of the tetranuclear Co^II complex [Co(hmp)(dmb)Cl]₄ (1), where dmb is 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol and hmp^? is the monoanion of 2-hydroxy-methylpyridine, reveal the presence of significant zero-field-splitting (ZFS) within the ground state spin multiplet. Meanwhile, low-temperature hysteresis measurements of 1 (and related Co^II₄ complexes) provide evidence for slow magnetization relaxation, suggesting that it could be a single-molecule magnet (SMM). However, EPR studies of a Zn analog of 1, doped with a small quantity of Co^II, show the ground state of the Co^II ions to be an effective spin S′ = 1/2 Kramers doublet with a highly anisotropic g-tensor. The question then arises as to the origin of the ZFS within the ground state spin multiplet of 1, as well as the slow magnetization relaxation. Here, we consider the effect of anisotropic exchange interactions between the effective spin S′ = 1/2 Kramers ions within the tetranuclear complex. Such exchange anisotropy arises naturally when one treats the ground state of high-spin Co^II as a Kramers doublet. Our model provides an explanation for the ZFS in the ground state observed via EPR, and can also account for qualitative features observed through magnetic measurements.     

Vibrational spectra and structure of methoxysilanes and products of their hydrolysis

Equilibrium geometries and force fields for the series of molecules (MeO)_nSiMe_4−n(I), (OH)_nSiMe_4−n(II), and (MeO)_nSi(OH)_4−n(III) with n = 1–4 are obtained at the DFT/B3LYP level of theory with 6-31G^* and aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets in order to predict the structural parameters and vibrational spectra of these molecules, the larger part of which was not characterized experimentally. The performance of these theoretical methods was assessed on the existing spectral data for series I. The B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ method, firstly applied to this class of molecules, demonstrates a fair agreement with experimental vibrational frequencies even without empirical scaling. For molecules of series II and III vibrational spectra are predicted in order to supply spectral data for monitoring the sol–gel processes at the hydrolysis stage. The hyperconjugative strengthening of SiO bonds with the number of oxygen atoms coordinated to silicon leads to the growth of their frequencies, but the larger increase of νSiO (due to kinematic factors) occurs at the SiOMe/SiOH substitution. The predicted distinctive feature of series II and III is the appearance of bands with high IR intensity in the 1000–900 cm⁻¹ spectral region that increase their frequencies with n. In series III it is accompanied with the steady increase of the ν_sSiO₄ frequency in the 700–600 cm⁻¹ range.     

Synthesis,characterization and thermal studies of new polyhydrazides and its poly-1,3,4-oxadiazoles based on dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene in the main chain

New interesting class of new polyhydrazides having inherent viscosities in the range 0.45–0.71 dI/g were prepared by polymerizing a series of diacid chlorides, e.g., sebacoyl, isophthaloyl or terphthaloyl with 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dihydrazide I in polar aprotic solvent and by the low-temperature polycondensation technique. In order to characterize the polymers, a model compound II was synthesized from I and benzoyl chloride. All the hydrazide polymers are semi crystalline in nature and are readily soluble in various polar solvents such as N-methyl pyrrolidine (NMP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Their T_gs were recorded in the range of 78–95 °C and could be thermally dehydrated into the corresponding polyoxadiazoles in the region of 310–20 °C, as evidenced by the DTA thermograms. The oxadiazole polymers showed a dramatically decreased in solubility and higher T_g when compared to their respective hydrazide prepolymers. The morphology of polyhydrazide V was examined by SEM.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and thermal behaviour of [La(hfa)3(Phen)2] (hfa = hexafluoroacetylacetonate,Phen = o-phenanthroline)

The mixed ligand complex [La(hfa)₃(Phen)₂] (I) was obtained by the interaction of La(hfa)₃ and Phen; its composition does not depend on the stoichiometry of the reagents. According to the X-ray single crystal analysis data, complex I crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n, with a = 13.583(3) Å, b = 16.959(3) Å, c = 18.860(4) Å, β = 94.71(3)° and Z = 4. The structure of I consists of isolated mononuclear molecules, the coordination number of La being 10. Thermal behaviour and composition of the vapor phase have been studied for I by thermal analysis and mass-spectrometry using a Knudsen cell. The mixed ligand complex I was found to sublime congruently in the temperature range 370–460 K: [La(hfa)₃(Phen)₂]_(s) = [La(hfa)₃(Phen)]_(g) + Phen_(g), Δ_rH⁰(T) = 316.2 ± 1.8 kJ/mol.     

Advanced procedure for the enzymatic ring opening of unsaturated alicyclic β-lactams

Enantiopure β-amino acids 1a–4a and β-lactams 1b–4b were prepared simultaneously through the lipolase-catalysed enantioselective ring opening of unsaturated racemic β-lactams (±)-1-(±)-4. High enantioselectivities (E>200) were observed when the reactions were performed with 1 equiv of water in iPr₂O at 70 °C. The resolved (1R,2S)-amino acids (yield⩾45%) and (1S,5R)-, (1S,6R)- and (1S,8R)-lactams (yield⩾47%) could be easily separated. The ring opening of lactam enantiomers 1b–4b with 18% HCl afforded the corresponding β-amino acid hydrochlorides 1c·HCl–4c·HCl (ee >95%).     

Thiazolylhydrazone dervatives as inhibitors for insect N-acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidase and chitinase

Insect chitinase and N-acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidases (Hex) are potential targets for developing new pesticides. Here, a series of thiazolylhydrazones I (with substituted group R₁ at N3) and II (with substituted group R₁ at N2) were designed, synthesised and evaluated as competitive inhibitors of OfHex1 and OfChi-h, from the agricultural pest Ostrinia furnacalis. Derivatives I-3d and II-3d, with phenoxyethyl group at R₁, demonstrated the best inhibitory activities against OfHex1 and OfChi-h. Molecular docking analysis indicated that the branched conformation compound II-3d (K_i = 1.5 μmol/L) formed more hydrogen bonds with OfHex1 than the stretched conformation compound I-3d (K_i = 5.9 μmol/L). The differences in compounds’ binding conformations with OfChi-h explained differences in inhibitory activity of compounds I-3d (K_i = 1.9 μmol/L) and II-3d (K_i = 4.1 μmol/L). This work suggests a novel scaffold for developing specific Hex and Chi-h inhibitors.     

Magnetic properties of nitric oxide adsorbed within channel crystals

The crystalline one-dimensional compounds, [M₂(bza)₄(pyz)]_n (bza = benzoate; pyz = pyrazine; M = Cu^II (1)) and [M₂(bza)₄(2-mpyz)]_n (2-mpyz = 2-methylpyrazine; M = Rh^II (2), Cu^II (3)), demonstrate gas absorbency of NO. The amounts of adsorbed NO gas are 0.61 for 1, 0.30 for 2, and 0.23 for 3 per M₂ unit at 195 K (800 Torr). The crystals of 1 adsorbed more NO molecules than did those of 2 and 3. The magnetic susceptibilities of the NO-inclusion crystals indicate that included NO molecules interact antiferromagnetically with neighboring guests without dimerization to N₂O₂. Magnetic behaviors indicated NO aggregation in the narrow 1D channels of 1–3 under unsaturated adsorption conditions.     

Long-distance electronic interaction in a molecular wire consisting of a ferrocenyl–ethynyl unit bridging two [(η5-C5H5)(dppe)M] metal centers

Several multinuclear ferrocenyl–ethynyl complexes of formula [(η⁵-C₅H₅)(dppe)M^II?CC–(fc)_n–CC–M^II(dppe)(η⁵-C₅H₅)] (fc = ferrocenyl; dppe = Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂; 1: M^II = Ru²⁺, n = 1; 2: M^II = Ru²⁺, n = 2; 3: M^II = Ru²⁺, n = 3; 4: M^II = Fe²⁺, n = 2; 5: M^II = Fe²⁺, n = 3) were studied. Structural determinations of 2 and 4 confirm the ferrocenyl group directly linked to the ethynyl linkage which is linked to the pseudo-octahedral [(η⁵-C₅H₅)(dppe)M] metal center. Complexes of 1–5 undergo sequential reversible oxidation events from 0.0 V to 1.0 V referred to the Ag/AgCl electrode in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ solution and the low-potential waves have been assigned to the end-capped metallic centers. The solid-state and solution-state electronic configurations in the resulting oxidation products of [1]⁺ and [2]²⁺ were characterized by IR, X-band EPR spectroscopy, and UV–Vis at room temperature and 77 K. In [1]⁺ and [2]²⁺, broad intervalence transition band near 1600 nm is assigned to the intervalence transition involving photo-induced electron transfer between the Ru³⁺ and Fe²⁺ metal centers, indicating the existence of strong metal-to-metal interaction. Application of Hush’s theoretical analysis of intervalence transition band to determine the nature and magnitude of the electronic coupling between the metal sites in complexes [1]⁺ and [2]²⁺ is also reported. Computational calculations reveal that the ferrocenyl–ethynyl-based orbitals do mix significantly with the (η⁵-C₅H₅)(dppe)Ru metallic orbitals. It clearly appears from this work that the ferrocenyl–ethynyl spacers strongly contribute in propagating electron delocalization.     

Synthesis and characterization of a tetranuclear copper(Ⅱ) complex with a chiral Schiff base ligand

The title complex l-[Cu^Ⅱ₄（Hvap）₂（vap）₂（MeOH）₂]（CIO₄）₂ 1 has been synthesized and characterized by EA. IR,TGA,solid-state CD spectra and X-ray single-crystal analyses（l-H₂vap’.a Schiff base ligand derived from the condensation of o-vanillin and l-2-amino-3-phenyl-l-propanol）.Complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system,chiral space group P2₁ with a =10.4257（18）.b = 21.695（4）,c = 15.721（3）A,β= 94.443（3）.V= 3545.1（11） ³,Z=2,Cu₄C₇₀H₇₈N₄O₂₂Cl₂.Mr= 1652.42,D_c= 1.548 g/cm³, F（000）= 1704 andμ（MoKα） = 1.338 mm^-1.The final R = 0.0682 and wR = 0.1420 for 6170 observed reflections with I > 2σ（I） and R = 0.1775 and wR = 0.1830 for all data.The structure of complex 1 contains a boat-shaped(Cu₄O₄} motif.The solid-state CD spectra confirm the chiral nature of complex 1.     

Thermodynamic studies on complexation of divalent transition metal ions with some zwitterionic buffers for biochemical and physiological research

The interaction between the zwitterionic buffers (3-[N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-hydroxy propane sulfonic acid, N-(2-actamido)-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid, and 3-[(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-hydroxy propane sulfonic acid) with some divalent transition metal ions (Cu^II, Ni^II, Co^II, Zn^II, and Mn^II) were studied at different temperatures (298.15 to 328.15) K at ionic strength I = 0.1 mol · dm⁻³ NaNO₃ and in the presence of 10%, 30%, and 50% (w/w) dioxene by using potentiometry. The thermodynamic stability constants were calculated as well as the free energy change for the 1:1 binary complexation. The protonation constants of the zwitterionic buffers were also determined potentiometrically under the above conditions.     

Crystal structures and magnetic properties of complexes of M(NO3)2; M = MnII,CoII, NiII,and CuII,with pyridine ligands carrying an aminoxyl radical

Four complexes of M(NO₃)₂(4NOPy-OMe)₂, (4NOPy-OMe = 4-(N-tert-butyloxylamino)-2-(methoxymethylenyl)pyridine, and M = Mn^II, 1; Co^II, 2; Ni^II, 3; Cu^II, 4), were prepared and fully characterized. X-ray single crystal analysis reveals that four complexes are isostructural. The molecular structures are distorted octahedral in which the methoxy oxygen atoms coordinate to the metal ion by trans-configuration while the pyridyl nitrogen atoms and the nitrate oxygen atoms coordinate by cis-configuration. The magnetic properties of all complexes were investigated by SQUID magneto/susceptometry. Temperature dependence of the molar magnetic susceptibilities in the temperature range of 2–300 K indicated that the magnetic coupling between aminoxyl radicals and metal ion was antiferromagnetic in the complex 1 and were ferromagnetic in the complexes 2–4. The quantitative analysis based on the spin Hamiltonian, H = −2J(S₁S_M + S_MS₂) yielded the best fit as J/k_B = −13.4 ± 0.1 K, g = 1.94 ± 0.002, and θ = −0.78 ± 0.02 K for the complex 1, J/k_B = 48.7 ± 2.1 K, g = 2.07 ± 0.02, and θ = −2.83 ± 0.41 K for the complex 3 (the data in the temperature range 300–50 K were used), and J/k_B = 57.0 ± 1.2 K, g = 2.002 ± 0.004, and θ = −9.8 ± 0.1 K for the complex 4.     

Hybrid inorganic–organic frameworks containing magnesium: Synthesis and structures of magnesium squarate,diglycolate, and glutarate,and potassium magnesium cyclobutanetetracarboxylate

Four new magnesium containing metal–organic hybrid compounds have been synthesized in an effort to prepare low-density materials for hydrogen storage. The compounds were prepared hydrothermally and characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Three of these compounds are analogs of known transition metal structures with squarate (I, Pn-3n, a = 16.276(5) Å), diglycolate (II, P2₁2₁2₁, a = 6.860(1) Å, b = 9.993(1) Å, c = 10.884(1) Å, R₁ = 0.0341), and glutarate (III, R-3, a = 10.744(2) Å, c = 28.677(5) Å, R₁ = 0.0554) ligands; the fourth is a novel structure using cyclobutanetetracarboxylate (IV, Pccn, a = 9.382(1) Å, b = 14.410(2) Å, c = 8.725(1) Å, R₁ = 0.0465) which contains potassium as well as magnesium cations.     

A family of dodecanuclear Mn11Ln single-molecule magnets

A series of four isostructural dodecanuclear complexes [Mn^III₉Mn^II₂Ln^III(O)₈(OH)(piv)₁₆(NO₃)(CH₃CN)]·xCH₃CN·yC₇H₁₆ (piv = pivalate; x = ½, y = ¾, Ln = Tb (1); x = 2, y = ½, Ln = Dy (2), Ho (3), and Y (4)) has been prepared for which the structural motif described as ‘a lanthanide ion nested in a large manganese shell’ is observed. All compounds show out-of-phase signals in their ac susceptibilities, and their single-molecule magnet behaviour was confirmed by single-crystal micro-SQUID studies of 1-3 which show hysteresis loops of molecular origin at T < 1.0 K. The SMM behaviour observed in compounds 1-3 is more pronounced than that for 4, which contains the diamagnetic Y^III ion. This is principally the result of ferromagnetic coupling between the paramagnetic anisotropic Ln^III ions (Tb^III, Dy^III and Ho^III) and the manganese shell, which enhances the total spin ground state of the complexes.     

The reaction of amidinato(pyridine) complexes of molybdenum and tungsten with triethylborane adduct of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC · BEt3): Investigation on the reactivity of NHC · BEt3 as carbene precursor toward transition metal complexes

The reaction of triethylborane adduct of N-heterocyclic carbene, NHC · BEt₃, (NHC = IⁱPr = 1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene (IⁱPr · BEt₃; 1a), NHC = IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMes · BEt₃; 1b)), which was prepared by the reaction of the corresponding imidazolium salt with one equivalent of LiBEt₃H, with amidinato(pyridine) complex, [M(η³-allyl){η²-(NPh)₂CH}(CO)₂(NC₅H₅)] (M = Mo; 2-Mo M = W; 2-W), was investigated. The reaction of compound 1 with complex 2 under toluene-reflux conditions resulted in the formation of carbene complex [M(η³-allyl){η²-(NPh)₂CH}(CO)₂(NHC)] (M = Mo, NHC = IⁱPr; 3a-Mo, M = Mo, NHC = IMes; 3b-Mo, M = W, NHC = IⁱPr; 3a-W, M = W, NHC = IMes; 3b-W). These complexes were characterized spectroscopically as well as by X-ray analyses. Complex 3a-Mo was formed in various solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,2-dichloroethane, and acetonitrile under refluxing conditions for 3 h. In toluene, 3a-Mo was obtained in a good yield by heating at 70 °C for only 20 min. Employment of NHC · BEt₃ (1) was found to afford convenient route for the introduction of the carbene ligand to the transition metal complexes.