Particle-like configurations of the electromagnetic field: An extension of de Broglie's ideas

Localised configurations of the free electromagnetic field are constructed, possessing properties of massive, spinning, relativistic particles. In an inertial frame, each configuration travels in a straight line at constant speed, less than the speed of lightc, while slowly spreading. It eventually decays into pulses of radiation travelling at speedc. Each configuration has a definite rest mass and internal angular momentum, or spin. Each can be of electric or magnetic type, according as the radial component of the magnetic or electric field vanishes in the rest frame, and each has an antiparticle. Any such configuration, of electric or magnetic type, is characterized in part by a set of labels (, ₀, ,l, m), where ₀ is the mean of the angular frequencies of the plane waves making up the configuration, is the variance of those frequencies, is a positive constant with dimensions of action, andl, m are angular momentum quantum numbers withl a positive integer andm an integer such that ml. The rest energy of the particle is ₀, its spin is m, and its lifetime is of the order of 1/. Its antiparticle has ₀ replaced by –₀.     

A possible test of quantum electrodynamics by means of polarization effects in electron-nucleon scattering

The differential cross-section is given for the electromagnetic scattering of polarized relativistic electrons on polarized nucleons. The finite size of each particle is taken into account by means of two form-factors. The effect of the possible non-punctiform structure of the electron on the polarization effects in scattering is discussed. It is shown that the internal structure of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron would show itself in the cross-section by terms depending on the transversal polarization of the incident electrons.

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Summary of results of a diploma-thesis for the degree of graduate physicist.

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In conclusion the author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to prof. V. Votruba and J. Kvasnica for suggesting this problem, for helpful discussions and valuable advice.     

ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕ СКОГО ДИПОЛЯ НАД ГРАН ИЦЕЙ ДВУХ СРЕД

, , . , - - . - . -, - , . , - ; , , .     

КРУЧЕНИЕ ПРИЗМАТИЧЕ СКИХ СТЕРЖНЕЙ ШВЕЛЛЕ РНОГО ПОПЕРЕЧНОГО СЕЧЕНИЯ

- [3], [4], U(x, y) . - U(x, y) -, . B § 10 - . , - , - D, . - .     

Beitrag zum problem der Exo-Emission von festkörpern

Zusammenfassung Es sind die Versuchsergebnisse des Studiums der Photoerscheinungen bei verschieden bearbeiteten Metallen (Au, Al, Pt) angeführt. Die Metallfolien wurden an der Luft mit UV-Licht bestrahlt und gleichmä\ig erwärmt. Die Ergebnisse wurden vom Gesichtspunkt der neueren Kenntnisse über Adsorption, Katalyse und Oxydation diskutiert. Daraus sind Folgerungen gezogen worden, die in manchen Fällen zu Bedenken über die Klärung der Exo-Emissions-Glow-Kurven zu führen scheinen.

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Au, Al, Pt . , . , . , .

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Ich möchte auch an dieser Stelle meinen besten Dank Frau K. Listoová aussprechen für die mit gro\er Sorgfältigkeit durchgeführten Versuchsreihen und K. Huml für die Hilfe bei der Bearbeitung der Versuchsergebnisse.     

Ermüdungserscheinungen der infrarotbestrahlten Silber-Cäsium-Photokathoden

Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit werden die Erscheinungen der normalen und anomalen, durch Infrarotstrahlung verursachten und von uns schon früher an diesen Photokatoden beobachteten Ermüdung von Silber-Cäsium-Photokathoden untersucht. Diese Erscheinungen wurden an durchsichtigen sowie undurchsichtigen, durch verschiedene Technologien zubereiteten Photokathoden festgestellt. Es wurden Messungen der Strahlungsintensitäts-, Temperatur- und Spektralverteilungsabhängigkeit der normalen und anomalen Ermüdung durchgeführt. Es werden die Ursachen der Unübereinstimmigkeit im Vergleich mit Arbeiten von De Boer und Teves besprochen. Ferner wurden die Zeitverläufe der Ermüdung bei der Abwechslung der Bestrahlungs- und Dunkelzyklen studiert.

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ЗАТУХАНИЕ КОЛЕБАНИЙ ЧАСТИЦ В ОБЩЕМ ПОЛЕ С ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ I

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The damping of particle oscillations in a general field with periodic structure I

A liner theory is derived, discussing the dynamics of particles in the region of an equilibrium orbit in a general electromagnetic field, which forms a periodic system. The total particle damping is determined from the Hamiltonian found and from dissipative forces brought out by a classical reaction radiation. Relations for the damping of the synchrotron oscillations are derived from the study of the appropriate phase space.

     

The elastic coupling between longitudinal and transversal vibrations of isotropic rods I. Rods of square and rectangular cross-section

A new approximate method for theoretically calculating longitudinal vibration frequencies of isotropic homogeneous rods of square and rectangular cross-section is given. We divide a three-dimensional longitudinal vibration into three one-dimensional ones; the coupling between the principal strains in question is assumed to be linear, similarly as in the static case of simple tension. The coupling between the deformations is realized by variable coupling parameters or depending on the order of vibrations (contrary to Rayleigh's correction where Poisson's ratio is the coupling parameter). These parameters are defined by the condition that the corresponding frequency must be minimized (stationary).Up till now Giebe and Blechschmidt [2] have given the best approximate method of calculation. The series of their calculated frequencies corresponds to the measuredones nearly as well as the frequencies calculated by us. The theory described here, however, contains a richer spectrum of frequencies and at the same time explains the frequencies measured in the range of the so-called dead zone, which is the weak point of Giebe's and Blechschmidt's theory.

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. ; , . , ( , ). , ( ). [2]. , , . , , , , . . , .

     

Double quantum transitions in paramagnetic resonance

The theory of double quantum transitions of the M=±2 type, with regard to inhomogeneously broadened spin systems is studied in this paper with the approximation ²T₂T₃ 1. We suppose that the inhomogeneous broadening is formed by an inhomogeneous crystal field. The obtained results describe the magnitude of absorption as a function of the h.f. power and also describe the shape of the absorption curve. It is demonstrated that in inhomogeneously broadened spin systems the absorption curve of double quantum transitions has the form of the difference of two different Lorentz's curves and that at the saturation ( ²T₂T₁ 1) the absorption increases with the cube of the h.f. field intensity. The shape of the curves is expressed by means of phenomenological relaxation constants of the system.

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M=±2 ²T₂T₃ 1. , - . . , ( ²T₂T₁ 1) . .

     

A matrix method for estimating the Liapunov exponent of one-dimensional systems

Let : [0, 1][0, 1] be a piecewise monotonie expanding map. Then admits an absolutely continuous invariant measure. A result of Kosyakin and Sandler shows that can be approximated by a sequence of absolutely continuous measures _n invariant under piecewise linear Markov maps _itn. Each _itn is constructed on the inverse images of the turning points of . The easily computable measures _n are used to estimate the Liapunov exponent of . The idea of using Markov maps for estimating the Liapunov exponent is applied to both expanding and nonexpanding maps.     

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТ РОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКИХ СИС ТЕМ С ОСЕВОЙ СИММЕТРИЕЙ П РИ ПОМОЩИ СЕТИ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЙ

The paper explains the theory of modelling electrostatic fields by a resistance network. The conditions, which the resistance network must satisfy, are derived and the question of modelling electrodes of different shapes is solved. The finished network and the results obtained on it when modelling a jet for a linear h-f accelerator of electrons are described. Particular attention is paid to the influence of a space charge, the modelling of which is an advantage of this method.

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A contribution to the theory of the triple crystal diffractometer

The first part of the paper gives a general equation for triple-crystal arrangement with perfect crystals on the assumption that the third crystal is rotated. It is shown that in the case of perfect crystals the shape of the reflection curve is practically independent of the vertical divergence. The case of mosaic crystals is also solved and the possibility of rotation by other than the third crystal is considered. A method is proposed for investigating the imperfection of a crystal which is different from methods used up to now. The paper is supplemented by some experimental results.

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Steady temperature in a composite rectangle

The present paper solves the steady temperature problem in a rectangle consisting of any number of homogeneous isotropic parts. As usual with such questions, the results are very complicated and cannot be found in the literature.

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Configuration mixing and deviations of magnetic moments from Schmidt lines

Deviations of nuclear magnetic moments of oddA nuclei from the Schmidt lines are explained by configuration mixing. The general results obtained are applied to several nuclei and the magnitudes of the admixture coefficients necessary to explain the deviations are estimated. The results show that the deviations can be successfully explained only for those nuclei, in which possible configuration admixtures give contributions to the magnetic moment linear in the admixture coefficient.

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A . , . , , , .

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This work was done as a diploma thesis at the Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics, Technical University, Prague.

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In conclusion I want to thank Dr. L. Trlifaj for suggesting this subject and for his guidance in its realization.     

ДАЛЬНЕЙШИЕ ИССЛЕДОВ АНИЯ ФИЛЬТРА ДВОЙНОГ О ЛУЧЕПРЕЛОМЛЕНИЯ

, 4, (1954), 53. . .     

Die Abhängigkeit der Banddurchbiegung von der Lage der Stufenversetzung

Zusammenfassung Es wird die Lösung des Spanungszustandes im unendlichen Band mit einer lotrecht zur Bandebene stehenden Stufenversetzung und mit einem Burgerschen Vektor, der parallel mit der Bandachse verläuft, unter der Voraussetzung der klassischen mathematischen Elastizitätstheorie wiedergegeben. Weiter wird der Ausdruck für die Gesamtdurchbiegung des Bandes in Abhängigkeit von der Lage der Versetzung und für die Durchbiegung bei einer allgemeinen Verteilung der Versetzungen, die durch eine kontinuierliche Verteilung approximiert ist, abgeleitet.

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Für die wertvolle Diskussion und einige Hinweise danke ich dem Kollegen Jan Kaczér, für das Lektorieren der Arbeit dem Kollegen Bohdan esták.     

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДАВЛЕНИЯ НА Ч УВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ФОТОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ЭМУ ЛЬСИИ

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On practical calculations with reflection curves for perfect crystals

The application of the Prins function for practical calculations is rather laborious. In the present article it is shown by analysis of some of the properties of this function that in most experiments with perfect crystals one may use functions of a much simpler form. Such a function is proposed, its use is shown on some examples, a method of simplified calculation of the fundamental constants of the Prins function is given, and finally some numerical examples are added as illustration.

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These curves will be hereafter called Prins functions.

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The author is greatly indebted to M. Malkovská for the experimental data in Chapter VI. C and to V. Horáková for numerical computations of the integrals in Appendix 2.     

Lorentzian Warped Products and Singularity

We show that to any convex function f: ⁿ there correspondinfinitely many geodesically complete metricsds² such that Ric() 0 for anynonspacelike vector . These metrics are constructedas the warped products of the natural metric in and the inner metric of a convexhyperface (the graph of f) in ^{n + 1}.     

More inequalities for critical exponents

A variety of rigorous inequalities for critical exponents is proved. Most notable is the low-temperature Josephson inequalitydv +2 2–. Others are 1 1 +v, 1 1 , 1,d 1 + 1/ (for d),dv, ₃ + (for d), ₄ , and _{2m 2m+2} (form 2). The hypotheses vary; all inequalities are true for the spin-1/2 Ising model with nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic pair interactions.NSF Predoctoral Fellow (1976–1979). Research supported in part by NSF Grant PHY 78-23952.