On solvability of systems of polynomial equations

We study the computational complexity of the solvability problem of systems of polynomial equations over finite algebras. We prove a new dichotomy theorem that extends most of the dichotomy results which have been obtained over different families of finite algebras so far. As a corollary, for example, we get that if \mathbbA{\mathbb{A}} is a finite algebra of finite signature and omits the Hobby-McKenzie type 1, then the problem is solvable in polynomial time whenever \mathbbA{\mathbb{A}} is a reduct of a generalized affine algebra, and NP-complete otherwise.     

Solvability of Independent Systems of Equations in Finitely Generated Nilpotent Groups

Mathematical Notes - It is proved that the solvability problem for a finite independent system of equations in a finitely generated nilpotent group can effectively be reduced to a similar problem...     

On a generalization of the Neumann problem for the Laplace equation

We investigate solvability of a fractional analogue of the Neumann problem for the Laplace equation. As a boundary operator we consider operators of fractional differentiation in the Hadamard sense. The problem is solved by reduction to an integral Fredholm equation. A theorem on existence and uniqueness of the problem solution is proved.     

Topological multiple recurrence for polynomial configurations in nilpotent groups

We establish a general multiple recurrence theorem for an action of a nilpotent group by homeomorphisms of a compact space. This theorem can be viewed as a nilpotent version of our recent polynomial Hales-Jewett theorem (Ann. Math. 150 (1999) 33) and contains nilpotent extensions of many known “abelian” results as special cases.     

Dirichlet Problem for a Fractional-Order Ordinary Differential Equation with Retarded Argument

A solution of the Dirichlet problem for a fractional-order ordinary differential equation has been found. Green’s function has been constructed for the problem concerned. The problem solution has been written in terms of Green’s function. A theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the posed problem has been proved, and a condition for its unique solvability has been derived. It is shown that the condition of solvability may only be violated a finite number of times.     

On Solvability of Nonlocal Problem for Loaded Parabolic-Hyperbolic Equation

We study unique solvability of a nonlocal problem for equations of mixed type in a finite domain. This equation contains the partial fractional Riemann–Liouville derivative. The boundary condition of the problem contains a linear combination of operators of fractional differentiation in the sense of Riemann–Liouville of values of function derivative on the degeneration line and generalized operators of fractional integro-differentiation in the sense of M. Saigo. The uniqueness theorem of the problem is proved by a modified Tricomi method. The existence of solutions is equivalently reduced to the solvability of Fredholm integral equation of the second kind.     

Solvability of the problem of evolution of an isolated volume of viscous,incompressible capillary fluid

The initial boundary-value problem for the Navier-Stokes equation describing the flow of a viscous, incompressible capillary fluid bounded only by a free surface is considered. At the initial time the region occupied by the fluid and the velocity field of the fluid are given. A theorem is formulated regarding the unique solvability of the problem for a finite time interval, and a model linearized problem in a half space is obtained.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Sleklova AN SSSR, Vol. 140, pp. 179–186, 1984.     

Growth and homogeneity of matchbox manifolds

A matchbox manifold with one-dimensional leaves which has equicontinuous holonomy dynamics must be a homogeneous space, and so must be homeomorphic to a classical Vietoris solenoid. In this work, we consider the problem, what can be said about a matchbox manifold with equicontinuous holonomy dynamics, and all of whose leaves have at most polynomial growth type? We show that such a space must have a finite covering for which the global holonomy group of its foliation is nilpotent. As a consequence, we show that if the growth type of the leaves is polynomial of degree at most 3, then there exists a finite covering which is homogeneous. If the growth type of the leaves is polynomial of degree at least 4, then there are additional obstructions to homogeneity, which arise from the structure of nilpotent groups.     

Mixed problem for pseudoparabolic integro-differential equation with degenerate kernel

A mixed problem for a certain nonlinear third-order intregro-differential equation of the pseudoparabolic type with a degenerate kernel is considered. The method of degenerate kernel is essentially used and developed and the Fourier method of variable separation is employed for this equation. A system of countable systems of algebraic equations is first obtained; after it is solved, a countable system of nonlinear integral equations is derived. The method of sequential approximations is used to prove the theorem on the unique solvability of the mixed problem.     

Construction of polynomial solutions to some boundary value problems for Poisson’s equation

A polynomial solution of the inhomogeneous Dirichlet problem for Poisson’s equation with a polynomial right-hand side is found. An explicit representation of the harmonic functions in the Almansi formula is used. The solvability of a generalized third boundary value problem for Poisson’s equation is studied in the case when the value of a polynomial in normal derivatives is given on the boundary. A polynomial solution of the third boundary value problem for Poisson’s equation with polynomial data is found.     

On the blow-up of the solution of an equation related to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation

A new model three-dimensional third-order equation of Hamilton-Jacobi type is derived. For this equation, the initial boundary-value problem in a bounded domain with smooth boundary is studied and local solvability in the strong generalized sense is proved; in addition, sufficient conditions for the blow-up in finite time and sufficient conditions for global (in time) solvability are obtained.     

Tropical differential equations

Tropical differential equations are introduced and an algorithm is designed which tests solvability of a system of tropical linear differential equations within the complexity polynomial in the size of the system and in the absolute values of its coefficients. Moreover, we show that there exists a minimal solution, and the algorithm constructs it (in case of solvability). This extends a similar complexity bound established for tropical linear systems. In case of tropical linear differential systems in one variable a polynomial complexity algorithm for testing its solvability is designed.We prove also that the problem of solvability of a system of tropical non-linear differential equations in one variable is NP-hard, and this problem for arbitrary number of variables belongs to NP. Similar to tropical algebraic equations, a tropical differential equation expresses the (necessary) condition on the dominant term in the issue of solvability of a differential equation in power series.     

On generalized balanced optimization problems

In the generalized balanced optimization problem (GBaOP) the objective value \({\max_{e \in S}{|c(e)-k\max(S)|}}\) is minimized over all feasible subsets S of E = {1, . . . , m}. We show that the algorithm proposed in Punnen and Aneja (Oper Res Lett 32:27–30, 2004) can be modified to ensure that the resulting solution is indeed optimal. This modification is attained at the expense of increased worst-case complexity, but still maintains polynomial solvability of various special cases that are of general interest. In particular, we show that GBaOP can be solved in polynomial time if an associated bottleneck problem can be solved in polynomial time. For the solution of this bottleneck problem, we propose two alternative approaches.     

Polynomial Time Uniform Word Problems

We have two polynomial time results for the uniform word problem for a quasivariety Q: (a) The uniform word problem for Q can be solved in polynomial time iff one can find a certain congruence on finite partial algebras in polynomial time. (b) Let Q* be the relational class determined by Q. If any universal Horn class between the universal closure S(Q*) and the weak embedding closure S?(Q*) of Q* is finitely axiomatizable then the uniform word problem for Q is solvable in polynomial time. This covers Skolem's 1920 solution to the uniform word problem for lattices and Evans' 1953 applications of the weak embeddability property for finite partial V algebras.     

A problem with operators of fractional differentiation in boundary condition for mixed-type equation

We consider a question on unique solvability of a boundary-value problem with fractional derivatives for a mixed-type equation of second order. We prove first a uniqueness theorem. The existence theorem is proved by means of reduction to Fredholm equation of the second kind, and its unconditional solvability follows from the uniqueness of solution.     

On reachable states in boundary control for the heat equation,and an associated moment problem

We derive a new necessary and sufficient condition for solvability of a moment problem involving real exponentials, which arises in control theory for the heat equation; this allows one to identify some novel situations for which the moment problem is solvable. Moreover, we prove a theorem in the context of boundary control for the heat equation, which allows one to construct new reachable states from known reachable states; as a corollary this implies that all polynomial functions of the space variables are reachable. Finally, we show also that trigonometric polynomials (and certain related functions involving real exponentials) are also reachable.This author wishes to thank the Mathematics Department at McGill University for its support and hospitality during the period in which this paper was completed.This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant A7271.     

On the blow-up of the solution of an equation with a gradient nonlinearity

We continue the study of a nonlinear third-order equation of the Hamilton-Jacobi type. For this equation, we consider an initial-boundary value problem in a bounded domain with smooth boundary and prove the local solvability in the strong generalized sense; in addition, we derive sufficient conditions for the blow-up in finite time and sufficient conditions for the time-global solvability.     

On the solvability of nonlocal nonstationary problems with double degeneration

We study the solvability in Sobolev spaces of the first boundary value problem for a nonlinear evolution equation degenerating both on the solution and on the solution gradient. We consider the case in which the spatial operator can depend on a nonlocal characteristic of a solution, for example, on an integral characteristic. The theorem is proved with the use of the time discretization method. To study the solvability of the spatial problems arising in the course of the proof, we use the Galerkin method.     

Some applications of higher commutators in Mal’cev algebras

We establish several properties of Bulatov’s higher commutator operations in congruence permutable varieties. We use higher commutators to prove that for a finite nilpotent algebra of finite type that is a product of algebras of prime power order and generates a congruence modular variety, affine completeness is a decidable property. Moreover, we show that in such algebras, we can check in polynomial time whether two given polynomial terms induce the same function.     

Results on the equivalence problem for finite groups

The equivalence problem for a finite nilpotent group has polynomial time complexity, even when the terms have parameters from the group. The same result holds for the dihedral groups D_n.Received August 24, 2002; accepted in final form August 5, 2004.