Poincaré inequality and Palais–Smale condition for the <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Laplacian

An improved Poincaré inequality and validity of the Palais-Smale condition are investigated for the energy functional on , 1 < p < ∞, where Ω is a bounded domain in , is a spectral (control) parameter, and is a given function, in Ω. Analysis is focused on the case λ = λ₁, where −λ₁ is the first eigenvalue of the Dirichlet p-Laplacian Δ _p on , λ₁ > 0, and on the “quadratization” of within an arbitrarily small cone in around the axis spanned by , where stands for the first eigenfunction of Δ _p associated with −λ₁.     

On a spin conformal invariant on manifolds with boundary

Let M be an n-dimensional connected compact manifold with non-empty boundary equipped with a Riemannian metric g, a spin structure σ and a chirality operator Γ. We define and study some properties of a spin conformal invariant given by:

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript>-like solutions of certain second order differential equations

Via an integral transformation, we establish two embedding results between the Emden-Fowler type equation , t ≥ t ₀ > 0, with solutions x such that as , , and the equation , u > 0, with solutions y such that for given k > 0. The conclusions of our investigation are used to derive conditions for the existence of radial solutions to the elliptic equation , , that blow up as in the two dimensional case.      

Bounds on Variation of Spectral Subspaces under J-Self-adjoint Perturbations

Let A be a self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space . Assume that the spectrum of A consists of two disjoint components σ₀ and σ₁. Let V be a bounded operator on , off-diagonal and J-self-adjoint with respect to the orthogonal decomposition where and are the spectral subspaces of A associated with the spectral sets σ₀ and σ₁, respectively. We find (optimal) conditions on V guaranteeing that the perturbed operator L = A + V is similar to a self-adjoint operator. Moreover, we prove a number of (sharp) norm bounds on the variation of the spectral subspaces of A under the perturbation V. Some of the results obtained are reformulated in terms of the Krein space theory. As an example, the quantum harmonic oscillator under a -symmetric perturbation is discussed. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the Heisenberg-Landau Program, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.     

Sums of random symmetric matrices and quadratic optimization under orthogonality constraints

Let B _i be deterministic real symmetric m × m matrices, and ξ _i be independent random scalars with zero mean and “of order of one” (e.g., ). We are interested to know under what conditions “typical norm” of the random matrix is of order of 1. An evident necessary condition is , which, essentially, translates to ; a natural conjecture is that the latter condition is sufficient as well. In the paper, we prove a relaxed version of this conjecture, specifically, that under the above condition the typical norm of S _N is : for all Ω > 0 We outline some applications of this result, primarily in investigating the quality of semidefinite relaxations of a general quadratic optimization problem with orthogonality constraints , where F is quadratic in X = (X ₁,... ,X _k ). We show that when F is convex in every one of X _j , a natural semidefinite relaxation of the problem is tight within a factor slowly growing with the size m of the matrices . Research was partly supported by the Binational Science Foundation grant #2002038.     

Sur les anneaux tels que tout produit de copies d'un module quasi-injectif soit un module quasi injectif. — II

Résumé On étudie dans cet article les anneaux noethériens commutatifs tels que tout produit de copies d'un module quasi injectif soit un module quasi-injectif, un tel anneau est produit fini d'anneaux locaux vérifiant certaines propriétés. On étudie également des anneaux noethériens commutatifs un peu plus généraux: les C1-anneaux, qui sont caractérisés comme étant des produits finis d'anneaux locaux A_i,1≤i≤n tels que tout idéal ′ du complété R(A_i)-adique ?_i de A_i vérifie ′ = ( ′∩A_i)?_i. On donne des exemples de tels anneaux. Entrata in Redazione il 12 febbraio 1975.     

Limit Laws for Norms of IID Samples with Weibull Tails

We are concerned with the limit distribution of l _t -norms (of order t) of samples of i.i.d. positive random variables, as N→∞, t→∞. The problem was first considered by Schlather [(2001), Ann. Probab. 29, 862–881], but the case where {X _i } belong to the domain of attraction of Gumbel’s double exponential law (in the sense of extreme value theory) has largely remained open (even for an exponential distribution). In this paper, it is assumed that the log-tail distribution function is regularly varying at infinity with index . We proceed from studying the limit distribution of the sums , which is of interest in its own right. A proper growth scale of N relative to t appears to be of the form (). We show that there are two critical points, α₁ = 1 and α₂ = 2, below which the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem, respectively, break down. For α < 2, under a slightly stronger condition of normalized regular variation of h, we prove that the limit laws for S _N (t) are stable, with characteristic exponent and skewness parameter . A complete picture of the limit laws for the norms R _N (t) = S _N (t)^1/t is then derived. In particular, our results corroborate a conjecture in Schlather [(2001), Ann. Probab. 29, 862–881] regarding the “endpoints” , α→ 0.      

Some existence and nonexistence theorems for compact graphs of constant mean curvature with boundary in parallel planes

Given H≥0 and bounded convex curves α₁, ...,⇌_n, α in the plane z=0 bounding domains D₁, …, D_n, D, respectively, with if i ∈ j and with D_i ⊂ D, we obtain several results proving the existence of a constanth depending only on H and on the geometry of the curves α_i, α such that the Dirichlet problem for the constant mean curvature H equation: where may accept or not a solution.     

Sharp estimates for intrinsic ultracontractivity on C 1,α-domains

Let be the first Dirichlet eigenfunction on a connected bounded C ^1,α-domain in and the corresponding Dirichlet heat kernel. It is proved that where λ₂ > λ₁ are the first two Dirichlet eigenvalues. This estimate is sharp for both short and long times. Bounded Lipschitz domains, elliptic operators on manifolds, and a general framework are also discussed. Supported in part by Creative Research Group Fund of the National Foundation of China (no. 10121101), the 973-Project in China and RFDP(20040027009).     

A priori bounds and a Liouville theorem on a half-space for higher-order elliptic Dirichlet problems

We consider the 2m-th order elliptic boundary value problem Lu = f (x, u) on a bounded smooth domain with Dirichlet boundary conditions on ∂Ω. The operator L is a uniformly elliptic operator of order 2m given by . For the nonlinearity we assume that , where are positive functions and q > 1 if N ≤ 2m, if N > 2m. We prove a priori bounds, i.e, we show that for every solution u, where C > 0 is a constant. The solutions are allowed to be sign-changing. The proof is done by a blow-up argument which relies on the following new Liouville-type theorem on a half-space: if u is a classical, bounded, non-negative solution of ( − Δ) ^m u  =  u ^q in with Dirichlet boundary conditions on and q > 1 if N ≤ 2m, if N > 2m then .      

A quantitative analysis of Oka’s lemma

In this paper, we will examine a strong form of Oka’s lemma which provides sufficient conditions for compact and subelliptic estimates for the -Neumann operator on Lipschitz domains. On smooth domains, the condition for subellipticity is equivalent to D’Angelo finite type and the condition for compactness is equivalent to Catlin’s condition (P). As an application, we will prove regularity for the -Neumann operator in the Sobolev space W ^s , , on C ² domains.     

Operator space tensor products of <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>*-algebras

For C*-algebras A and B, the identity map from into A _λ B is shown to be injective. Next, we deduce that the center of the completion of the tensor product A⊗B of two C*-algebras A and B with centers Z(A) and Z(B) under operator space projective norm is equal to . A characterization of isometric automorphisms of and A _h B is also obtained. Dedicated to Ajit Iqbal Singh on her 65th birthday.     

Continuous spectrum for a class of nonhomogeneous differential operators

We study the boundary value problem in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is a bounded domain in with smooth boundary, λ is a positive real number, and the continuous functions p ₁, p ₂, and q satisfy 1 < p ₂(x) < q(x) < p ₁(x) < N and for any . The main result of this paper establishes the existence of two positive constants λ₀ and λ₁ with λ₀ ≤ λ₁ such that any is an eigenvalue, while any is not an eigenvalue of the above problem.     

Subwords in Reverse-Complement Order

We examine finite words over an alphabet of pairs of letters, where each word w₁w₂ ... w_t is identified with its reverse complement where ( ). We seek the smallest k such that every word of length n, composed from Γ, is uniquely determined by the set of its subwords of length up to k. Our almost sharp result (k~ 2n = 3) is an analogue of a classical result for “normal” words. This problem has its roots in bioinformatics. Received October 19, 2005     

Euler homology

We geometrically construct a homology theory that generalizes the Euler characteristic mod 2 to objects in the unoriented cobordism ring of a topological space X. This homology theory Eh _* has coefficients in every nonnegative dimension. There exists a natural transformation that for X = pt assigns to each smooth manifold its Euler characteristic mod 2. The homology theory is constructed using cobordism of stratifolds, which are singular objects defined below. An isomorphism of graded -modules is shown for any CW-complex X. For discrete groups G, we also define an equivariant version of the homology theory Eh _*, generalizing the equivariant Euler characteristic.     

A central limit theorem for convex sets

We show that there exists a sequence for which the following holds: Let K⊂ℝⁿ be a compact, convex set with a non-empty interior. Let X be a random vector that is distributed uniformly in K. Then there exist a unit vector θ in ℝⁿ, t₀∈ℝ and σ>0 such that

Skorohod representation on a given probability space

Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{A},P)Let be a probability space, S a metric space, μ a probability measure on the Borel σ-field of S, and an arbitrary map, n = 1,2,.... If μ is tight and X _n converges in distribution to μ (in Hoffmann–J?rgensen’s sense), then X∼μ for some S-valued random variable X on . If, in addition, the X _n are measurable and tight, there are S-valued random variables and X, defined on , such that , X∼μ, and a.s. for some subsequence (n _k ). Further, a.s. (without need of taking subsequences) if μ{x} = 0 for all x, or if P(X _n = x) = 0 for some n and all x. When P is perfect, the tightness assumption can be weakened into separability up to extending P to for some H⊂Ω with P ^*(H) = 1. As a consequence, in applying Skorohod representation theorem with separable probability measures, the Skorohod space can be taken , for some H⊂ (0,1) with outer Lebesgue measure 1, where is the Borel σ-field on (0,1) and m _H the only extension of Lebesgue measure such that m _H (H) = 1. In order to prove the previous results, it is also shown that, if X _n converges in distribution to a separable limit, then X _{n k} converges stably for some subsequence (n _k ).      

Additive Maps Preserving Local Spectrum

Let X be a complex Banach space, and let be the space of bounded operators on X. Given and x ∈ X, denote by σ_T (x) the local spectrum of T at x. We prove that if is an additive map such that

Congruence theorems for compact hypersurfaces of a riemannian manifold

Summary Let M^m, ^m be two m-dimensional compact oriented hypersurfaces of class C³ immersed in a Riemannian manifold R^m+1 of constant sectional curvature. Suppose that R^m+1 admits a one-parameter continuous group G of conformal transformations satisfying a certain condition (which holds automatically when G is a group of isometric transformations). Suppose further that there is a1 − 1 transformation T_τ ∈ G between M^m and ^m such that for each P ∈ M^m and each ^m. If the r-th mean curvature for any r, 1 ⩽ r ⩽ m, of M^m at each point P ∈ M^m is equal to that of ^m at the corresponding point , together with other conditions, then M^m and ^m are congruent mod G. This is a generalization of a joint theorem ofH. Hopf andY. Katsurada [5] in which G is a group of isometric transformations. Entrata in Redazione il 13 Giugno 1975. The first author was partially supported by the National Science Foundation grant GP-33944.     

Inequalities of the Brunn–Minkowski type for Gaussian measures

Let be an integer, let γ be the standard Gaussian measure on , and let . Given this paper gives a necessary and sufficient condition such that the inequality is true for all Borel sets A ₁,...,A _m in of strictly positive γ-measure or all convex Borel sets A ₁,...,A _m in of strictly positive γ-measure, respectively. In particular, the paper exhibits inequalities of the Brunn–Minkowski type for γ which are true for all convex sets but not for all measurable sets.