用环围功率法研究双曲正弦高斯光束的焦移

 从Collins公式出发研究了无光阑双曲正弦高斯光束的聚焦特性。研究发现聚焦双曲正弦高斯光束的轴上光强为零，因此Li和Wolf二人研究焦移的方法不再适用。使用环围功率法定义束宽和实际焦面，由此可以决定聚焦双曲正弦高斯光束的焦移。数值计算表明，聚焦双曲正弦高斯光束的焦移与偏心参数和菲涅耳数有关，焦移随偏心参数和菲涅耳数的减小而增大。此外，还分析了双曲正弦高斯光束的最佳聚焦问题。     

柱面球差透镜聚焦部分相干光束的焦移

通过定义聚焦光束的等效菲涅耳数,研究了部分相干光经柱面球差透镜聚焦后的轴上光强分布,得到了相对焦移的简单公式,即相对焦移反比于等效菲涅耳数的平方.结果表明,这种基于等效菲涅耳数的计算聚焦光学系统的焦移方法是计算部分相干光束经球差透镜聚焦相对焦移简单且有效方法.还讨论了一种特殊等效菲涅耳数为纯虚数情况.结果证明,在这种情况下,该相对焦移简单公式仍然有效.     

几何光学 光学系统、成像与分析

O435 2004053247 “飞行光学”焦移研究=Research on the focal shift in flying opttcs[刊,中]/赵全忠(中科院上海光机所,上海(201800))。程兆谷…∥中国激光。—2004,31(1)。—62-64 基于焦移传输理论,推导了“飞行光学”中焦移、相对焦移的表达式,分析了“飞行距离”、瑞利长度和聚焦镜焦     

会聚厄米-双曲余弦高斯光束的光强分布和焦移

 基于厄米-双曲余弦高斯光束通过无光阑限制薄透镜聚焦的解析传输公式，研究了厄米-双曲余弦高斯光束聚焦区域的光强分布，并对光束的焦移进行了分析，讨论了偏心参数对光强主极大位置的影响。结果表明：TEM₁₁模厄米-双曲余弦高斯光束的相对焦移（绝对值）随偏心参数和菲涅尔数的减小而增大，菲涅尔数较大时相对焦移趋于零。TEM₂₂模光束在偏心参数小于0.54时，轴外与轴上光强极大值的比值大于1，此时光强主极大在轴外，偏心参数大于0.54时则相反；在偏心参数等于0.54时比值为1，此时光束有两个主极大，偏心参数愈大光强愈集中于轴上。使用LW法和GH法得到的TEM₂₂模光束的相对焦移（绝对值）随偏心参数和菲涅尔数的变化规律与TEM₁₁模光束一致，但相同参数下使用这两种方法得出的具体结果不同。     

部分相干光被环形透镜聚焦而产生的焦移

 从理论上研究部分相干光被一环形透镜聚焦,在焦点附近的轴上点的光强分布。研究结果表明,当部分相干光被一环形透镜聚焦时,最大聚焦光强不在几何焦点,而是位于透镜与几何焦点之间,出现焦移现象。并且,焦移量不仅依赖于透镜外半径的菲涅耳数,还依赖于部分相干光的空间相干度和中心拦截比。透镜的菲涅耳数越小,焦移越大;部分相干光的空间相干度越低,焦移越大。当菲涅耳数一定时,环形透镜的中心拦截比越大,焦移越大;当空间相干度很小时,情况就变得比较复杂。     

拉盖尔-高斯光束通过光阑-透镜分离系统的聚焦特性和焦移

 使用Collins公式推导了拉盖尔-高斯光束通过光阑-透镜分离系统的光强分布。利用数值计算详细分析和说明了其聚焦特性。分析得出光阑-透镜分离程度的大小影响相对焦移的大小和光强的分布，并引起焦移可能相反或消失。而且发现满足一定条件时在一段较大的轴向距离上光强几乎等于光强极大值，从而可获得一个较大的光强极大范围。     

光束束宽概念和不同定义束宽的比较

对束宽的不同定义作了比较研究.结果表明,不同定义束宽的数值是不同的.在自由空间中传输时,二阶矩束宽遵守ABCD定律,熵束宽的传输曲线近似于双曲线,但环围功率束宽一般不满足ABCD定律.双曲余弦高斯光束按二阶矩束宽和熵束宽法所得焦移几乎相同,而环围功率法所得焦移则与之不同.     

自旋-轨道相互作用下X型涡旋光束的传播特性

研究了 X型涡旋光束在左旋/右旋圆偏振状态下在紧聚焦系统中的传播特性,讨论了 自旋-轨道相互作用下焦平面光强的横向焦移和传播方向旋转现象的特点及其调控方法.研究发现:相位分布因子c是X型涡旋光束产生横向焦移和光强旋转的主要原因,而半孔径角α、偏振态和拓扑荷数对光强分布均有调控作用;由于自旋-轨道相互作用,入射光为左旋圆...     

电控径向滤波器的横向超分辨与轴向焦移

提出一种光瞳滤波器来同时实现横向超分辨和轴向焦移效应的电控制.该光瞳滤波器由两偏光镜及包含有径向双折射元件的任意偏振态的电控旋光器组成.利用径向双折射元件对光偏振态的空间调制作用,结合旋光器对任意偏振态光的旋光作用,与两个偏光镜结合,实现了空间偏振态的重新分布.利用庞加莱球及琼斯理论进行了分析,结果表明,借助这种电致位相延迟来实现的偏振态调制效应,可同时实现横向超分辨与轴向焦移效应.对能够同时获得横向超分辨与轴向焦移的情况进行了分析,得到了系统各组成参量及电光调制范围.     

复变几何光学

本文在复平面上描述高斯光束的特性，并利用复数分式线性变换及其几何反演点对研究高斯光束的传输与变换，推导出几何光学的高斯光束类牛顿公式和类高斯公式，同时阐明了高斯光束菲涅耳数与焦移概念的本性．     

Focal shift of focused truncated random electromagnetic beams

The focal shifts of focused truncated random electromagnetic beams are investigated. Based on the complex Gaussian expansion method for a hard-edged aperture function, the analytical propagation formula of cross-spectral density matrix for a random electromagnetic beam focused by an optical system with a thin lens and a circular aperture is derived. The Fresnel numbers related with the beam and system parameters are defined and used to examine focal shifts. The dependence of the focal shifts on the different Fresnel numbers and polarization distribution are discussed in detail with numerical examples.     

Focusing of flattened Gaussian beams by an annular lens

Focusing properties of flattened Gaussian beams (FGBs) passing through an annular lens is studied based on the Collins formula. It is found that the on-axis irradiance distributions of focused FGBs are unsymmetrical with respect to the geometrical focal plane even for large values of Fresnel number F_w associated with the beam, so that there exist focal shifts in general. Detailed numerical results show the dependence of focal shifts on the beam and system parameters. Focal shifts of FGBs by a lens without central obscuration and focal shifts of Gaussian beams by an annular lens can be treated as special cases of the obscure ratio =0 and beam order N=0, respectively. Furthermore, focal shifts of plane waves by an annular lens can also be treated as a special case of N=0 and F_w→∞.     

Tightly focusing of linearly polarized vortex beams through a dielectric interface

Based on vectorial Debye theory, the tightly focusing properties of linearly polarized vortex beams through a dielectric interface are studied. Then the intensity distribution in the focal region is investigated in detail by numerical calculations. The focal shifts induced by the mismatch of the refractive indices across the interface has been found. And the dependence of focal shifts and spot size of the focused field on the probe depth and numerical aperture of the objective are presented. Furthermore, the characteristic of intensity pattern of the cross section of the focused field is illustrated, finding that the intensity pattern rotates with the propagation of beams.     

激光波带片衍射性质的数值模拟

根据亥姆霍兹-基尔霍夫积分,对菲涅尔波带片的高斯激光场在轴向、径向强度分布进行了理论分析,研究了高斯激光束照射下波带片的衍射场规律.数值计算表明：沿轴向光场呈系列焦点,各焦点附近光强分布有振荡现象,随焦点级次的增大光强迅速增大;有焦移现象,焦移量随焦点级次的增大而增大;焦深随焦点级次的升高按平方反比律减小,随波带数减小或焦距增大而增大.在焦平面上,光斑大小与最外环宽度成正比,与焦点级次成反比.     

湍流大气中高斯光束焦移的数值模拟研究

采用数值模拟方法对聚焦高斯光束在湍流大气中传输的焦移进行了研究.结果表明:湍流大气中高斯光束的焦点不再位于真空焦点位置,而是向发射点移动,且前移的幅度随湍流强度的增大而增大,这与理论预计结果一致.引用焦深概念描述光束在焦点附近的准直特性,结果显示:在弱起伏和中等强度起伏情况下,光束的焦深随着湍流强度的增大而增大,焦点附近光束准直度提高;在中等和强起伏情况下,光束在焦点附近高度准直.     

Focal shift of cylindrical vector axisymmetric Bessel-modulated Gaussian beam with radial variance phase wavefront

Axisymmetric Bessel-modulated Gaussian beam with quadratic radial dependence (QBG beam) has attracted much attention recently. In this paper, the focal shift of the cylindrical vector QBG beam with radial variance phase wavefront is investigated theoretically by vector diffraction theory. Results show that focus shifts considerably by changing the phase parameter C that indicates the radial phase variance speed. Under condition of small beam parameter μ of cylindrical vector QBG beam, there is one focal peak that shifts far away from optical aperture on increasing C. When μ increases, there may occur two focal peaks that also shift remarkably on increasing C. And it was found that the dependence of focal shift distance on increasing phase parameter is linear. Phase parameter adjusts the focal shift distance, while, polarization angle does not affect focal shift obviously.     

Spectral shifts of a partially coherent field after passing through a lens

A study of the spectral shifts of a well-known type of partially coherent field, namely, one formed by Gaussian Schell model beams, propagating beyond an optical system reveals that there are no shifts in the geometric-image plane, whereas the greatest (blue) shift occurs in the back focal plane. These results are relevant for spectroradiometric measurements.     

Diffraction correlators invariant to the shift of optical elements

Linear in intensity image processing systems based on the principles of diffraction optics are considered in the paper. Influence of optical element shifts on calculation accuracy in the systems is studied. It is shown that image processing in the diffraction intensity correlators (vignetting, partial coherence, etc. are not taken into account) is absolutely invariant to longitudinal shifts of a holographic filter and, to a great extent, invariant to longitudinal shifts of objectives. The experiments show that the correlators operate rather stable with the optical elements shifted within 10% from the focal lengths of the objectives used, which is higher by two orders than the analogous limits in the diffraction amplitude correlators.