Predicting solar cycle 24 with a solar dynamo model

Whether or not the upcoming cycle 24 of solar activity will be strong is being hotly debated. The solar cycle is produced by a complex dynamo mechanism. We model the last few solar cycles by "feeding" observational data of the Sun's polar magnetic field into our solar dynamo model. Our results fit the observed sunspot numbers of cycles 21-23 reasonably well and predict that cycle 24 will be about 35% weaker than cycle 23.     

Luminescence of biologically active 24-epicastasterone and a model compound

Biologically active brassinosteroid 24-epicastasterone, ring B of which contains a C=O group and has the nπ*-configuration for a low-lying electronic excited state, exhibits rapid fluorescence. The wavelengths of the fluorescence maxima of the steroid dissolved in hexane and acetonitrile are equal to 332 and 394 nm, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of the steroid dissolved in acetonitrile is τ = 9.9 nsec. Solutions of 24-epibrassinolide do not luminesce. The long-wavelength electronic absorption band λ_max^abs = 340 nm in the absorption spectrum of an ethanol solution of model compound 2, ring D of which contains a C=O group π*-conjugated with the C=C double bond of ring C, like in the spectrum of the steroid, has a low extinction coefficient. An ethanol solution of 2 does not fluoresce. 24-Epicastasterone at 77 K in ethanol solution exhibits phosphorescence with λ_max^phos = 447 nm. The phosphorescence decay is exponential with τ = 0.79 msec. Compound 2 also phosphoresces. The phosphorescence spectrum of its ethanol solution has a maximum at 490 nm. The phosphorescence decay is nonexponential in the early stage. The phosphorescence lifetime is 25 msec in the exponential decay region. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 182–186, March–April, 2008.     

Polarisations-Korrelations-Messungen am Na24

An arrangement for the measurement of angular correlations betweenβ-particles and circular polarizedγ-radiation is described and a result on Na²⁴ is given. A correlation coefficientA=(+ 0,12± 0,03) was obtained, which indicates a ratio of Gamow-Teller to Fermi matrix elementM _G /M _F > 10.     

Statistical analysis of24Mg+24Mg elastic and inelastic scattering

The data on the excitation functions of²⁴Mg+²⁴Mg elastic and inelastic (²⁴Mg +²⁴Mg^*(2⁺),²⁴Mg^*(2⁺)+²⁴Mg^*(2⁺),²⁴Mg+²⁴Mg^*(4⁺),²⁴Mg^*(4⁺)+²⁴Mg^*(2⁺),²⁴Mg+²⁴Mg^*(6⁺)) scattering fromE _c.m=42 to 56 MeV have been subjected to a statistical analysis consisting of calculations of deviation function, cross-correlation function, cross-channel correlation coefficients, coherence widths, and the distribution of cross sections. On the basis of the analysis resonant structures atE _c.m=45.70, 46.65, 47.35 and 47.75 MeV have been confirmed. Two new resonant structures atE _c.m=44.55 and 50.50 MeV have been identified.     

The 24Na Induced Activity as a Neutron Dosimeter for Radiobiologial Experiments

Measurement of the ²⁴Na induced activity as a part of a dosimetric system for radiobiological experiments was found to be an approach characterized by its proper reliability, reproducibility (relative error less than 8-5%) and high sensitivity (activities of about 0-01 μCi may be detected).     

177堆芯24个月换料可行性研究

与18个月换料相比,压水堆核电站24个月换料能减少大修次数,提高机组负荷因子,增加发电量。基于装载177组件的堆芯,通过提高新燃料组件富集度和增加批换料组件数使堆芯循环长度达到24个月换料周期要求,考虑实际24个月换料和名义24个月换料高低两种电厂可利用因子。考虑燃料组件费用、大修费用、乏燃料处理费用和发电收益等进行换料方案经济性分析评估,并和典型18个月换料经济性作比较。177堆芯平衡循环装载88组富集度为4.95%的燃料组件,能满足名义24个月换料循环长度的需要,组件平均卸料燃耗约48 GWd/tU;装载104个燃料组件的堆芯能满足实际24个换料循环长度的要求,堆芯参数满足相关安全限值要求。结果表明,177堆芯24个月换料具有可行性,其高负荷因子下的经济性与18个月换料相当。     

N24B24分子结的电子传输

利用GW近似和非平衡格林函数结合的方法 研究了耦合到两个金属触点的N₂₄B₂₄分子的电子传输性. 计算结果表明,在单个和多个原子触点的态密度曲线上分别出现四个和三个谐振隧峰. 在I-V特性曲线上出现断路状态和微分负阻效应. 对于一、四、六、八原子的触点在电压分别在 ∓4.5、∓4、∓4.6、∓4.3 V表现出微分负阻效应行为. I-V特性在以低电压断开状态,呈独立的触点类型. I-V曲线取决于触点类型,并且表明N₂₄B₂₄分子呈现半导体的特性.     

24 Hours prior to curtain

A retrospective review was conducted of 40 singers presenting with acute voice problems prior to performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the reasons for seeking emergent voice treatment, the types of acute voice disorders, and the performance outcome. The patients were assessed by age, singing style, years of experience, chief complaint, laryngovideostroboscopic findings, and treatment regimens. The outcomes were classified as full, restricted, or no performance. The majority of patients were classical singers. Laryngovideostroboscopy frequently revealed a pattern of early glottic contact at the mid-portion of the membranous vocal fold in patients with acute laryngitis. Experienced singers uniformly sought treatment many days before their performance compared with inexperienced singers who presented closer in time to performance. Six patients initially withheld information, which had a bearing on their acute management. The results of this study suggest that there is a need to accurately diagnose and treat the singer's emergent problem and educate singers regarding early evaluation of medical problems. With modern evaluation techniques and multi-modality treatment, 85% of the singers proceeded to full performance without negative sequelae.     

Author index to volume 24

The possibility of recoil atoms (molecules) detection with the help of laser devices is considered.     

Optical polarization of 24Na nuclei in a trap based on photoinduced drift

The results of experiments on the polarization of nuclei of the 24 Na radioactive isotope in a gas trap are presented. The action of the trap is based on the effect of the photoinduced drift of atoms caused by laser radiation. The anisotropy of γ-radiation emitted by ²⁴Na during the illumination of sodium vapor in the trap by circularly polarized laser radiation is measured and its dependence on the temperature of the trap walls is analyzed. A degree of polarization of ²⁴Na nuclei of 62 ± 2% is attained at temperatures above 1300 K, for which a rapid desorption of Na atoms from the walls and the decomposition of Na-based compounds take place.     

Investigation of the thermopower of thulium monoselenide under a pressure to 24 GPa

The experimental data have been obtained on the influence of high pressure on the thermopower of single-crystal thulium selenide at room temperature. At pressures of 2.5–3.0 GPa, the pressure dependences of the thermopower exhibit peculiarities indicating a transformation of the electronic spectrum of TmSe, which causes a transition from one antiferromagnetic state (AF1) to another antiferromagnetic state (AF2) at low temperatures. It has been shown that the coincidence of the thermopowers of TmSe and TmS under pressure cannot be a criterion of the transition of Tm ions to the trivalent state, because thulium sulfide is a concentrated Kondo system and its thermopower itself changes significantly uniform compression. It has been assumed that Tm ions are trivalent at pressures higher than 19 GPa, i.e., this pressure is a boundary for the mixed-valence state.     

A 24-GHz Patch Array with a Power Amplifier/Low-Noise Amplifier MMIC

This paper presents an active patch array designed at 24 GHz. It can be used as a front-end component for a phased array. A series resonant array structure is chosen which is compact and easy excite. With 5 elements, the array proved a 12-dB antenna gain. A power amplifier and a low noise amplifier are designed on a single GaAs chip (PALNA). Bias switch is used in the PALNA, which greatly reduces the switch loss in a transceiver and increases the efficiency. 20-dB small signal gain is achieved in both power amplifier and low noise amplifier. The active patch array is built by the combination of the patch array and PALNA. The measured active gain of this antenna is 35-dB for the PA mode and 31-dB for the LNA mode. This active patch array can obtain an EIRP of 34 dBm with a total radiated power of 22dBm and a maximum PAE of 32%. To check the noise performance, we applied sources at both normal temperature and 77K (liquid nitrogen) and extracted the noise figure (3.5 dB) of the active antenna by the Y factor method. The results proved that the active antenna is working efficiently as both a transmitting and receiving antenna.