Asymptotic Estimates for a Variational Problem Involving a Quasilinear Operator in the Semi-Classical Limit

Let be a domain of ^N . We study the infimum ₁(h) of the functional |u| ^p +h ^–p V(x)|u| ^p dx in W ^1,p () for ||u|| _LP()= 1 where h > 0 tends to zero and V is a measurable function on . When V is bounded, we describe the behaviour of ₁(h), in particular when V is radial and 'slowly' decaying to zero. We also study the limit of ₁(h) when h 0 for more general potentials and show a necessary and sufficient condition for ₁(h) to be bounded. A link with the tunelling effect is established. We end with a theorem of existence for a first eigenfunction related to ₁(h).     

4-Dimensional compact projective planes with small nilradical

We consider 4-dimensional compact projective planes with a solvable 6-dimensional collineation group and with orbit type (2, 1), i.e. fixes a flagv W, acts transitively onL \{W} and fixes no point in the setW\{v}. We We prove a series of lemmas concerning the action of invariant subgroups of . These lemmas are applied to prove that the maximal connected nilpotent invariant subgroup of has dimension at least 4.Dedicated to Prof. H. Salzmann on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

A variational principle for eigenvalues of pencils of Hermitian matrices

LetH=(A, B) be a pair of HermitianN×N matrices. A complex number is an eigenvalue ofH ifdet(A–B)=0 (we include = ifdetB=0). For nonsingularH (i.e., for which some is not an eigenvalue), we show precisely which eigenvalues can be characterized as _k ⁺ =sup{inf{*A:*B=1,S},SS _k},S _k being the set of subspaces of C ^N of codimensionk–1.Dedicated to the memory of our friend and colleague Branko NajmanResearch supported by NSERC of Canada and the I.W.Killam FoundationProfessor Najman died suddenly while this work was at its final stage. His research was supported by the Ministry of Science of CroatiaResearch supported by NSERC of Canada     

Limiting Cases of a Superstring in AdS5×S5

The superstring action in AdS ₅×S ⁵ depends on two parameters: the inverse string tension and the radius R. The standard AdS/CFT correspondence requires that the string action depend on only the combination . After reviewing previous work on the light-cone superstring, we derive the explicit form of the action at =0. Its zero-mode part coincides with the superparticle action in AdS ₅×S ⁵, and the =0 string spectrum, as expected, must therefore include the protected type-IIB supergravity states. Following recent suggestions, we conjecture that such a tensionless string spectrum must also contain higher-spin massless states in AdS ₅. We also discuss the case of another parameterization of the string action that admits the straightforward flat-space limit R, but the limits R0 and are not equivalent in this case. The limit R0 then corresponds to shrinking S ⁵ to the size zero, simultaneously freezing the fluctuations of the radial coordinate of AdS ₅. This case results in a nonstandard AdS/CFT correspondence picture.     

On the Hantzsche-Wendt manifold

We explicitly compute the outer automorphism group Out ₁ M of the fundamental group of the Hantzsche — Wendt manifoldM. It is an extension 1(₂)³Out₁ MS ₃₂1, but not the semidirect product (₂)³(S ₃₂) as claimed in [3] (see also [4]). As a consequence, we get a quick algebraic computation of the symmetry groups of the Borromean rings and the figure-8-knot.     

Distribution of the supremum of sums of independent variables with negative drift

Let {_n} be a sequence of identically distributed independent random variables,M₁=<0,M ₁ ² <;S ₀=0,S _n =₁+₂,+...+ _{n, n}1;¯ S=sup {S _n n=0.} The asymptotic behavior ofP(¯ St) as t is studied. If _t ^P (₁x dx=0((t)), thenP(¯ St)– 1/¦¦ _t P (₁x dx=0((t)) (t) is a positive function, having regular behavior at infinity.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 763–770, November, 1977.The author thanks B. A. Rogozin for the formulation of the problem and valuable remarks.     

On the central limit theorem for geometrically ergodic Markov chains

Let X₀,X₁,... be a geometrically ergodic Markov chain with state space and stationary distribution . It is known that if h: R satisfies (|h|²⁺)< for some >0, then the normalized sums of the X_is obey a central limit theorem. Here we show, by means of a counterexample, that the condition (|h|²⁺)< cannot be weakened to only assuming a finite second moment, i.e., (h²)<.Reasearch supported by the Swedish Research Council.     

The best one-sided approximation of the classes WrHω

In this paper we calculate the upper bounds of the best one-sided approximations, by trigonometric polynomials and splines of minimal defect in the metric of the space L, of the classes W^rH (r = 2, 4, 6, ...) of all 2-periodic functions f(x) that are continuous together with their r-th derivative f^r(x) and such that for any points x and x we have ¦f ^r (x) f^r (x) ¦ (x–x¦), where (t) is a modulus of continuity that is convex upwards.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 21, No. 3, 313–327, March, 1977.     

Complemented subspaces of sums and products of banach spaces

Summary We prove that, when X is one of the Banach spaces l^p (1p ) or c₀, then every infinite-dimensional complemented subspace of X^N (resp. X^(N)) is isomorphic to one of the following spaces: (, X, × X, X^N (resp. , X, X, X^(N)). Therefore, X^N and X^(N) are primary. We also give some consequences and related results.The second author acknowledges partial support from the Italian Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione.     

Generalization of a problem of Evelyn-Linfoot and Page in additive number theory

Summary Let k and l be integers such that 2k l. Let S_k and S _{l l}be two subsets of positive integers with S_kQ_k and S_l Q_l, where Q_k denotes the set of k-free integers. Further suppose that the characteristic functions of S_k and S _{l l} are multiplicative. Let T(n) denote the number of representations of n in the form n=a+b, where a S_k and b S _{l l}. In this paper we establish an asymptotic formula for T(n), when n is sufficiently large; and deduce several known asymptotic formulae as particular cases.     

Achtdimensionale lokalkompakte Translationsebenen mit großen kompakten Kollineationsgruppen

This paper is part of a program aiming at the classification of all higher-dimensional locally compact translation planes whose collineation groups have large dimension. In the present paper we determine all eight-dimensional locally compact translation planes which admit acompact collineation group of dimension at least 5 acting almost effectively on the translation axis. In fact, is isomorphic either to Spin₄ or toSO ₄(). The case Spin₄() has already been treated elsewhere ([6]). Here, the planes with SO ₄() are explicitly determined and studied in detail.     

A graded scale of parametric families of distributions,and parameter estimates based on the sample mean

Summary Denote by _k a class of familiesP={P} of distributions on the line R¹ depending on a general scalar parameter , being an interval of R¹, and such that the moments µ₁()=xdP ,...,µ_2k ()=x ^2k dP are finite, ₁ (), ..., _k (), _k+1 () ..., _k () exist and are continuous, with ₁ () 0, and _j +1 ()= ₁ () _j () +[₂() -₁()²] _j ()/ ₁ (), J=2, ..., k. Let ₁=¯x=x ₁ + ... +x _n/n, ₂=x ₁ ² + ... +x _n ²/n, ..., _k =(x ₁ ^k + ... +x _n ^k/n denote the sample moments constructed for a sample x₁, ..., x_n from a population with distribution Pg. We prove that the estimator of the parameter by the method of moments determined from the equation ₁= ₁() and depending on the observations x₁, ..., x_n only via the sample mean ¯x is asymptotically admissible (and optimal) in the class _k of the estimators determined by the estimator equations of the form ₀ () + ₁ () ₁ + ... + _k () _k =0 if and only ifP _k .The asymptotic admissibility (respectively, optimality) means that the variance of the limit, as n (normal) distribution of an estimator normalized in a standard way is less than the same characteristic for any estimator in the class under consideration for at least one 9 (respectively, for every ).The scales arise of classes _{1 2}... of parametric families and of classes _{1 2} ... of estimators related so that the asymptotic admissibility of an estimator by the method of moments in the class _k is equivalent to the membership of the familyP in the class _k .The intersection consists only of the families of distributions with densities of the form h(x) exp {C₀() + C₁() x } when for the latter the problem of moments is definite, that is, there is no other family with the same moments ₁ (), ₂ (), ...Such scales in the problem of estimating the location parameter were predicted by Linnik about 20 years ago and were constructed by the author in [1] (see also [2, 3]) in exact, not asymptotic, formulation.Translated from Problemy Ustoichivosti Stokhasticheskikh Modelei, pp. 41–47, 1981.     

Discrete Spectrum of Differential Operators in Spectral Gaps under Nonnegative Perturbations of High Order

Let A be a self-adjoint elliptic second-order differential operator, let (, ) be an inner gap in the spectrum of A, and let B(t) = A + tW ^* W, where W is a differential operator of higher order. Conditions are obtained under which the spectrum of the operator B(t) in the gap (, ) is either discrete, or does not accumulate to the right-hand boundary of the spectral gap, or is finite. The quantity N(, A, W, ), (, ), > 0 (the number of eigenvalues of the operator B(t) passing the point (, ) as t increases from 0 to ) is considered. Estimates of N(, A, W, ) are obtained. For the perturbation W ^* W of a special form, the asymptotics of N(, A, W, ) as + is given. Bibliography: 5 titles.     

Problem of correctness of the best approximation in the space of continuous functions

Let W^rH _w be the subclass of those functions of C^r[a, b], for which (f ^(r),)(), where () is a given modulus of continuity, and P_n be the space of algebraic polynomials of degree at most n and _n(f) be the polynomial of best approximation for f(x) on [a, b]. Estimates for and moduli of continuity of the operators of best approximation on W^rH _w are established. For example, if ()=, then Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 351–360, March, 1978.The author thanks S. B. Stechkin for the formulation of the problem and assistance with the article.     

Small representations of the relation algebra ɛn+1(1, 2, 3)

Applying combinatorial methods, we prove that the symmetric relation algebra _n+1(1, 2, 3) ofn+1 atoms is finitely representable for alln 1, on at most (2+o(1))n² elements asn . We explicitly construct a representation of size 4.5n², for every n >1.Presented by B. Jonsson.     

On a problem about covering lines by squares

LetS be the square [0,n]² of side lengthn and letS = {S ₁, ...,S _t} be a set of unit squares lying insideS, whose sides are parallel to those ofS.S is called a line cover, if every line intersectingS also intersects someS _i S. Let(n) denote the minimum cardinality of a line cover, and let(n) be defined in the same way, except that we restrict our attention to lines which are parallel to either one of the axes or one of the diagonals ofS. It has been conjectured by Fejes Tóth that(n)=2n+O(1) and by Bárány and Füredi that(n)=3/2n+O(1). We will prove that, instead,(n)=4/3n+O(1) and, as to Fejes Tóth's conjecture, we will exhibit a noninteger solution to a related LP-relaxation, which has size equal to 3/2n+O(1).     

Asymptotic behavior of the dwell time distribution for a random walk on a positive semi-axis

Let ₁, ₂, ... be a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables with zero means. We consider the functional _n = _k=o ⁿ (S _k ) where S₁=0, S_k= _i=1 ^k _i (k1) and(x)=1 for x0,(x) = 0 for x<0. It is readily seen that _n is the time spent by the random walk S_n, n0, on the positive semi-axis after n steps. For the simplest walk the asymptotics of the distribution P (_n = k) for n and k, as well as for k = O(n) and k/n<1, was studied in [1]. In this paper we obtain the asymptotic expansions in powers of n^–1 of the probabilities P(h_n = nx) and P(nx_{1 n} nx₂) for 0<₁, x = k/n ₂<1, 0<₁x₁2₂<1.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 613–620, April, 1974.The author wishes to thank B. A. Rogozin for valuable discussions in the course of his work.     

Fractal Characteristics of Measures; An Approach Via Function Spaces

Let be a positive Radon measure in R ⁿ with compact support . Let Q _jm be cubes with side-length 2^-j+1 originating from the canonical tiling of R ⁿ where j\in N ₀ and m\in Z ⁿ. If \in R, 0 < p \le , 0 < q \le , then _pq is the mixed _q – _p -quasi-norm of the sequence 2 ^j (Q _jm ). Quantities of this type are considered in fractal geometry (multifractal formalism) and in the theory of the function spaces B ^s _pq (R ⁿ) and F ^s _pq (R ⁿ). In Theorem 1 we deal with the question when _pq is an equivalent quasi-norm in some of these spaces (-property). If || = 0, then _S consists of those points (t,s) in the t–s-diagram in Figure 1 for which belongs to B ^s _p (R ⁿ) with pt = 1. Theorem 2 deals with the interrelation of S and _pq . Some applications to truncated Riesz potentials, Bessel potentials and Fourier transforms of are given.     

Eigenvalues of convex processes and convergence properties of differential inclusions

In this paper, we study (real) eigenvalues and eigenvectors of convex processes, and provide conditions for the existence of eigenvectors in a given convex coneK ⁿ . It is established that the maximal eigenvalue ofG(·) inK is expressed by (whereK ⁰ is the polar cone ofK) provided that the minimum is attained in intK ⁰. This result is applied to study the asymptotic behaviour of certain differential inclusions{G(x(t)). We extend some known results for the von Neumann-Gale model to our more general framework. We prove that ifx ₀ is the unique eigenvector corresponding to the maximal eigenvalue ₀ ofG(·) inK, then the nonexistence of solutions of a certain special trigonometric form is necessary and sufficient for every viable solutionx(·) to satisfy^- ₀ ^t x(t)cx ₀ ast for somec0. Our method is to study the family of convex conesW =cl{v–x :xK,vG(x) where is any real number. We characterize the maximal eigenvalue ₀ as the minimal for whichW can be separated fromK.The research was supported in part by a grant from the ministry of science and the Maagara special project for the absorption of new immigrants in the Department of Mathematics at Technion.     

Une variante à la Coxeter du groupe de Steinberg

LetG _n ()be the semi-direct product of the symmetric groupS _n by the Steinberg groupSt _n ()of a ringWe first prove thatG _n ()has a Coxeter-type presentation. The canonical morphism St _n () GL _n ()extends to a group homo G_n() GL _n ()We next determine the kernel of for n = We also give an expression for the generator of the algebraic K group K ₂(Z)of the integers in terms of permutation matrices.