薄膜法布里-珀罗滤光片的偏振特性

用特征矩阵法研究了薄膜法布里-珀罗滤光片的偏振特性。研究发现:随着入射角增大,s偏振光透射模和p偏振光透射模的波长逐渐分离,但分离的幅度较小;随着入射角增大,s偏振光透射模的透射率作幅度较大的震荡变化,而p偏振光透射模的透射率变化较小;当入射角以1°/100的间隔变化时,可以在透射模波长不变的情况下,使s偏振光透射模的透射率发生显著变化,而p偏振光透射模的透射率基本不变。薄膜法布里-珀罗滤光片的偏振特性可以在角度变化的测量中发挥重要作用。     

双折射消偏振膜的设计和制备

基于倾斜沉积薄膜材料的双折射特性,采用单一TiO2设计和制备了中心波长为632 nm的双折射消偏振膜。首先以60°和70°的沉积角度镀制了TiO2单层膜,通过单层膜的透射光谱分别拟合出两种沉积角度下薄膜对s和p偏振光的等效折射率nPH,nSH和nPL,nSL。通过对折射率的组合,实现正入射时s偏振光透射率大于p偏振光,而入射角度增大会使两者透射率差值减小,基于这一思想设计并制备了消偏振膜。分别测量了消偏振薄膜在400~800 nm波段范围内正入射及倾斜入射条件下s和p偏振光的透射光谱。入射角为60°时,s偏振光反射带宽基本与p偏振光反射带宽重合,在波长632 nm左右基本实现消偏振。结果表明,利用材料的双折射特性,可以设计和制备出倾斜入射条件下消偏振薄膜。     

菲涅尔透镜的透射率优化方法

本文采用菲涅尔公式,分析了光线在穿过不同介质时入射角透射率的影响,发现光线中s偏振光的透射率总小于p偏振光,且随入射角的增大下降较快,故以s偏振光的透射率作为菲涅尔透镜的优化目标。依据斯托克斯倒逆关系推导出三棱镜对s偏振光的"最优透射条件",并以此为依据,对平板式菲涅尔透镜进行了优化。最后,对不同曲面菲涅尔透镜的透光率做了比较分析,发现圆柱面和抛物面是比较理想的用于设计曲面菲涅尔透镜的曲面。     

一种斜入射F-P型薄膜滤光片消偏振设计方法

薄膜滤光片在斜入射使用时,s偏振光和p偏振光的特性会产生分离:两偏振光的中心波长不一致,且s偏振光的通带宽度要小于p偏振光.而采用多种材料且满足特定条件的膜系结构,可使角度入射滤光片两偏振方向的特性趋于一致.通过理论分析,建立了两偏振光反射率的表达式,由表达式可看出非偏振的条件.通过计算,求出相应材料折射率值,从而设计出消偏振的膜系.对一个三腔129层实例膜系进行了计算求解、仿真分析及误差分析.最后的结果验证表明此方法是可行的.     

光学薄膜特性的锥角效应数值分析

建立非平行光入射多层膜的模型,给出了在圆形光束锥角入射时的薄膜特性表达式,对三类典型光学薄膜即多腔滤光片、非偏振分光薄膜和非偏振截止滤光薄膜的特性进行了数值实验。研究结果表明:随着光束入射锥角的增加,多腔滤光片的影响是中心波长向短波方向移动,透射率下降和通带形状退化;非偏振分光薄膜的s和p偏振透射率增加,宽带波纹度增加;非偏振截止滤光薄膜的通带透射率出现周期振荡,s偏振的通带波纹度大于p偏振,通带波纹度总体具有增加的趋势,过渡区的陡度具有变大的趋势。     

角度调谐滤光片带宽消偏振研究

倾斜入射时薄膜窄带滤光片的s和p偏振光的带宽会随着入射角度的增大出现分离,限制了滤光片的调谐范围。分析了偏振光带宽分离现象出现的原因和其与滤光片镜层膜系结构的关系,并得到了消除偏振光带宽分离现象的方法。根据该方法对前期设计的100GHz密集波分复用(DWDM)系统四腔角度调谐窄带滤光片进行了改进,结果表明,该方法能有效的解决偏振光带宽的分离问题,扩大调谐范围。     

多层增透薄膜透射特性仿真分析

基于多层薄膜的组成特性,建立了可见光波段以氧化铪和二氧化硅为高、低折射率材料的多层增透膜模型,计算机仿真结果表明:当膜层为单层膜时,其中心透射率为17.31%,通带宽度为102nm;而当膜层增至十一层和二十一层时,其中心透射率分别达到了99.30%和99.99%,但其通带宽度却分别下降至57.1nm和50.2nm.研究表明:随着膜层的不断增加,膜系的透射率也在逐渐增加,且透射率增加的趋势随着膜层数增加而变缓,峰值透射波长缓慢减小,通带半宽度也逐渐变小.     

激光斜入射窄带滤光片的热力效应

基于麦克斯韦方程组及热力学理论,分析了脉冲强激光在不同入射角、不同偏振态下辐照10.6μm窄带滤光片的热力效应,研究了不同入射角及偏振态下的温度场、应力场,计算了激光辐照下热力效应给窄带滤光片带来的通带漂移效应,比较讨论了不同入射角下的损伤阈值.结果表明:随着入射角度的增大,温升峰值的幅值与位置都有了较大的变化;P偏振光与S偏振光辐照引起的温升峰值都随着入射角度的增大逐渐下降;温升峰值的位置随着入射角的增大逐渐靠近滤光片与空气的界面;P偏振光与S偏振光引起的热力效应差异性越来越明显.在激光能量相同的情况下对比了不同激光入射角下的通带漂移特性,小角度入射时滤光片中心波长偏移超过200nm,10.6μm处透射率下降到6%以下.随着入射角的增大,滤光片熔融损伤阈值越来越大,而且在小角度入射时,P偏振光与S偏振光熔融损伤的阈值差别很小;当入射角大于30°时,P偏振光与S偏振光的熔融损伤阈值差别越来越大.以较小的功率实现激光对窄带滤光片的损伤需要考虑激光的入射角及偏振态.     

非晶态Se薄膜的自发晶化研究

利用真空热蒸镀的方法制备了非晶Se薄膜,测试了稳定的非晶Se薄膜,不稳定的非晶Se薄膜和初始自发晶化的非晶Se薄膜的透射率光谱和拉曼光谱,对透射率光谱曲线进行了拟合,计算了薄膜的厚度和折射率随波长的变化关系。在自我晶化过程中,Se薄膜折射率逐渐增大;随波长增大,折射率则减小,初始自发晶体的Se薄膜中,出现标志Se8环和链的结构,不完整的环和链结构在自发晶化过程中得到了增强。     

超光滑基片表面散射的数值研究

以一阶微分散射理论为基础,从理论和模拟两个方面对超光滑基片表面的散射电磁场进行了数值研究.分析了s偏振光和p偏振光的微分散射随入射角和散射角的分布情况.研究发现,当入射角较大时,p偏振光在某个散射方向的微分散射为0,而无论入射角和散射角如何变化,s偏振光的微分散射均大于0.当用光散射法对超光滑基片进行表面测试时,相对于...     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.