Components of Essential Oils in Different Parts of Daucus carom L. var. sativa Hoffm

The components of the essential oils obtained from different parts of Daacus carota L.var. saliva Hoffm were analyzed. The percentages of the essential oils extracted are 0. 27% （ mL/100 g material） for the flowers, 0. 0/% for the stems and leaves and 0. 01% for the roots. Fifty-four, Sixty-six and Thirty-three compounds were,respectively, separated and identified from the flowers, the stems and leaves and the roots, among which unsaturated alkene compounds are thirty-nine, thirty-nine and twenty-one, respectively, accounting in turn for up to 90. 21%, 90. 49% and 72. 65% of the total essential oils. Because alkene compounds have double bonds that are easily oxidized, it can he inferred that the components of the essential oils in the different parts of Daucus carota L. var. saliva Hoffm should show an activity of the antioformation of free radicals to some extent.     

Components of Essential Oils in Different Parts of Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm

Introduction Carrots,avegetablewithabundantnutrition,are therootsofDaucuscarotaL.var.sativaHoffm[1],whichisanumbelliferaeplant.Carrotsshowanti can cerandanti oxidationactivities.Theycanalsobeused topreventeyediseasesandimproveimmunity[2—11],thefactsareun…     

Current trends in the development of A. M. Butlerov’s theory of chemical structure

The chemical structure concept developed by A. M. Butlerov supplemented by the views on spatial (J. H. van’t-Hoff and J. A. Le Bel) and electronic (G. Lewis) configurations of molecules constitute the basis of the classical theory of chemical structure. The advent of quantum mechanics and development of the computer chemistry extended and enhanced the conceptual basis of theoretical chemistry, which nevertheless retains its independent value and cannot be reduced to direct physical definitions. The review deals with the evolution of the key concepts of the classical theory of chemical structure and introduction of new notions and approaches to analysis of the structure and reactivity problems, which is associated with the advent of the quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry views and methods.     

Protection in radiolysis of n-hexadecane—I. Radiolysis of pure liquid n-hexadecane

Radiolysis of pure liquid n-hexadecane under vacuum has been studied to obtain greater understanding about the effect of radiation on open chain polymers such as polyethylene. Gas chromatography, gel permeation chromatography and mass spectrometry have been used to analyze the radiolysis products and their yields have been determined. The gas products mainly contain H₂, the condensed products contain saturated and unsaturated scission products, hexadecene and crosslink products. Mass analysis of the condensed products shows unsaturations in the crosslink products.     

Imine-epoxide rearrangements in the formation of substituted piperidines. A stereoselective synthesis of (±) solenopsin-A.

The imine-epoxide rearrangement, followed by hydride reduction has been used to prepare substituted piperidine derivatives with control of stereochemistry. An application to the synthesis of (±) solenopsin A is reported.     

Chemical Composition of Hydrilla Verticillata （L. f.） Royle in Taihu Lake

Hydrilla verticillata （Linn. f.） Royle is a submerged plant for phytoremediation on Taihu Lake, China. The planted submerged plant should be harvested in every autumn to reduce the nutrition burden of the lake. Five compounds were firstly isolated by column chromatography and purified from the extractions of Hydrilla verticillata （Linn. f.） Royle. 1-（5＇-Hydroxy-4＇-hydroxymethyl-1＇-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2＇-yl）-henicosa-2,12,15-trien-1-one （2） and thymidine （3） were identified by EIMS, 1H NMR, laC NMR and IR spectra. Crystal loliolide （1） and sulfur-gamma （4） were identified by X-ray diffraction. Octadecanedioic acid （5） was also elucidated. Among them, compound 2 is a new natural compound, loliolide （1） and thymidine （3） are known bioactive substances. The results provided basic research data for exploring their application as medical materials.     

Studies in the area of 2,3′-biquinolyl. 1. Arylation and hetarylation of 2,3′-biquinolyl dianion

The 2,3-biquinolyl dianion, when reacting with aryl- and hetaryl halides, forms arylation products at the 4 position, and treatment of these products with alkyl halides or water yields 1-alkyl-4-aryl-1,4-dihydro-2,3-biquinolyls or 4-aryl-1,4-dihydro-2,3-biquinolyls, respectively. Oxidation of the latter yields 4-aryl-2,3-biquinolyls. The cation dependence of the arylation reaction is demonstrated.Stavropol' State University, Stavropol' 355009. Russian Chemical Engineering University, Moscow 125190. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1094–1099, August, 1997.     

Vapour—liquid equilibria of dilute solutions of phenols in cyclohexane. Self-association of ortho-substituted phenols

Vapour—liquid equilibria of dilute solutions of ortho-substituted phenols in cyclohexane have been studied. The isopiestic apparatus and the operational procedure have been described. Eight mono- and di-substituted ortho-alkylphenols have been studied at 298.15 K using this technique; o-ethyl- and o-chlorophenol solutions have been studied at 298.15 and 323.15 K using the bubble-point method. The values of dimerization and polymerization constants are given. The practical osmotic coefficient of the solutions of diphenyl in cyclohexane at 298.15 K (serving as reference in isopiestic measurements) has been determined bythe bubble-point method, and the results represented by a polynomial.     

Raman study of molecular dynamics of inorganic fluoroxidizers in nonaqueous solutions—Part 1. Xenon difluoride in acetonitrile

The Raman spectra of the totally symmetric ν₁(Σ_g⁺) mode of XeF₂ molecules have been measured in CH₃CN solutions at various temperatures and concentrations. The vibrational and rotational correlation functions as well as the characteristics times have been calculated. It was concluded that the vibrational band width in these solutions is to be attributed to the vibrational dephasing, whereas the contribution from the rotational relaxation has been found to be of less importance.     

Photosolvolysis of a carboncarbon bond. The photolysis of n,n-dimethyl- 2,2-diphenylethylamine in methanol.1

The title compound is photolyzed in methanol to give good yields (ca. 50%) of diphenylmethane indicating that the CC bond undergoes a formal heterolytic cleavage from the excited state as predicted from the measured redox potentials of the two ions.     

Inclusion of Nonopiate Analgesic Drugs in Cyclodextrins. I. X-Ray Structure of a 1 : 1 β-Cyclodextrin-p-bromoacetanilide Complex

The preparation and X-ray crystal structure of a 1 : 1 complex between -cyclodextrin (-CD) and the analgesic p-bromoacetanilide are reported. Thermogravimetric and UV spectrophotometric analyses of single crystals grown from an aqueous solution containing host and guest in 1 : 1 molar ratio yielded the composition -CD p-bromoacetanilide $ 13.5H2O. Crystals of the complex are triclinic, space group P1, with a = 15.197(3), b = 15.613(2), c = 15.743(4) Å, = 87.16(2), = 98.29(2), = 103.39(1)° and Z = 2 crystallographically independent complex units per unit cell. The -CD molecules form head-to-head dimers which pack in the channel-mode. Each dimer contains two guest molecules whose acetylamino substituents are located at the dimer interface while the bromine atoms protrude from the -CD primary faces. The acetyl residues of both guest molecules were found to be disordered but the X-ray data permitted     

Thermodynamics of the Dissociation of Carbonic Acid in Mixed Solvent.4. The System of NaHCO_3-Na_2CO_3-NaCl-Ethanol-Water

Theeffectofethanol-watermixtureontheseconddissociationconstantofcarbonicacidwasofinterestnotonlyforbiologistsbutalsoforchefestsandchemicalengineers,becauseitmayprovideusefulinformationinregardtotheidentificationofthenatureofthesesolute-solventinteractionpatternsinbinarysolventsystem"'.ThispaperreportStheseconddissociationconstantsofcarbonicacid,K,,atfivetemperaturesfrom278.15to318.15Kin5,15,25mass%ethanol-water"dxedsolventsdeterminedfrompreciseelnfmeasurementsincell(A)withoutliquidjunction:Pt…     

Some Structural and Thermodynamic Aspects of Solvation of Single Ions. 2. Salt Effects in Aqueous Solutions of 1–1 Electrolytes

The ionic coefficients of the pair interionic interaction in aqueous solutions of 1–1 electrolytes at 298 K were determined from the real activity coefficients of single-charged single ions using the McMillan–Mayer formalism. Analysis of the results of calculations revealed that salt effects are stronger in the case of cations. The weakening of cation hydration (increased negative hydration) and the strengthening of anion hydration (increased positive hydration) enhance the mutual salting of cations and anions. It is shown that the structural effects of hydration produce a strong effect on the interionic interaction in solutions.     

Alkaloids of Nitraria komarovii. XI. Structure of komavicine and the products of the dehydrogenation of the nitrarine method of dehydrogenation in the quinolinyl-β-carboline series

The new alkaloid komavicine has been isolated from the epigeal part ofNitraria komarovii, and its structure has been established on the basis of spectral characteristics and chemical transformations. The products of the dehydrogenation of nitrarine with selenium and sulfur have been studied. A method has been developed for the dehydrogenation of dihydro and tetrahydro derivatives in the quinolinyl--carboline series.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 33–39, January–February, 1993.     

Festival Publication in Honor of the 80th Birthday of Professor Dr.Xin-De Feng

Xin-De Feng (S. T. Voong) was born on October 12, 1915 in thetown of Tongli, Wujiang County, Jiangsu Province, China. He received aB. S. degree in chemistry from Tsinghua University in 1937 and a Ph. D.from University of Notre Dame in 1948 under the guidance of his adviserProfessor C. C. Price. He has associated as a professor with several     

Extracellular Secretion of β-glucosidase in Ethanologenic E. coli Enhances Ethanol Fermentation of Cellobiose

Consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose for ethanol production is realized by expressing cellulase enzymes on ethanologenic strain. In this study, an ethanologenic Escherichia coli ZY81 was constructed by integrating pyruvate decarboxylase gene pdc and alcohol dehydrogenase gene adhB from Zymomonas mobilis into the genome of E. coli JM109 to obtain the capability of ethanol production. Then, the β-glucosidase gene bglB from Bacillus polymyxa was cloned and secretively expressed in E. coli ZY81. The recombinant strain E. coli ZY81/bglB showed an obvious activity of β-glucosidase in extracellular location with more than half in periplasmic space. EDTA was found to promote the release of the periplasmic proteins by approximately tenfold. E. coli ZY81/bglB utilized cellobiose as sole carbon source for ethanol production with 33.99 % of theoretical yield.