Co-Sn合金作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究

采用高能机械球磨法合成了富Co的Co3Sn2合金, 测试了Co-Sn合金作为锂离子电池负极材料的充放电性能. 考察了在机械球磨过程中加入碳和高温处理球磨后样品对合金组成和电化学性能的影响. XRD测试结果表明, 加入碳后所得样品的主要成分为CoSn2. 于400和600 ℃处理后主要成分转变为CoSn和Co3Sn2. CoSn2, CoSn和Co3Sn2的充放电容量随着Sn含量的降低依次降低, 但循环性能得到提高.     

钴(Ⅱ)-氨基酸配合物催化性能与氧合性能的关系

研究了13种钴(Ⅱ)-氨基酸配合物的可逆氧合性能和催化性能之间的关系,通过配合物活化分子氧(O2)氧化环己烯考察其催化性能.结果表明,13种钴(Ⅱ)-氨基酸配合物均具有不同程度的可逆氧合性能和催化活性.配合物完成一个可逆吸氧周期的用时越短,其可逆氧合性能越好,催化性能越差;相反,吸氧周期长及可逆氧合性能差的配合物其催化性能却更好.另外,在对配合物不同配比的研究中发现,Co(Ⅱ)与氨基酸的摩尔比为1∶3(或1∶2)饱和配位时,可逆吸氧性能较好,但其催化性能较差,环己烯转化率较低;在1∶1型配位不饱和时,吸氧的可逆性较差,但催化性能优良,环己烯的转化率可达82.5%.结合结构分析和理论计算的结果可知,不同钴(Ⅱ)-氨基酸配合物的氧合可逆性和催化性能的差异,主要归因于氨基酸配体的残基与Co(Ⅱ)的结合能力的不同.氨基酸配体的残基与Co(Ⅱ)的结合能力越好,越有利于配合物由高自旋态向低自旋态转化,并与O2可逆结合,不利于烯烃基的取代,配合物表现出较差的催化性能,反之亦然.     

钴(Ⅱ)-氨基酸配合物催化性能与氧合性能的关系

研究了13种钴(Ⅱ)-氨基酸配合物的可逆氧合性能和催化性能之间的关系, 通过配合物活化分子氧(O₂)氧化环己烯考察其催化性能. 结果表明, 13种钴(Ⅱ)-氨基酸配合物均具有不同程度的可逆氧合性能和催化活性. 配合物完成一个可逆吸氧周期的用时越短, 其可逆氧合性能越好, 催化性能越差; 相反, 吸氧周期长及可逆氧合性能差的配合物其催化性能却更好. 另外, 在对配合物不同配比的研究中发现, Co(Ⅱ)与氨基酸的摩尔比为1:3(或1:2)饱和配位时, 可逆吸氧性能较好, 但其催化性能较差, 环己烯转化率较低; 在1:1型配位不饱和时, 吸氧的可逆性较差, 但催化性能优良, 环己烯的转化率可达82.5%. 结合结构分析和理论计算的结果可知, 不同钴(Ⅱ)-氨基酸配合物的氧合可逆性和催化性能的差异, 主要归因于氨基酸配体的残基与Co(Ⅱ)的结合能力的不同. 氨基酸配体的残基与Co(Ⅱ)的结合能力越好, 越有利于配合物由高自旋态向低自旋态转化, 并与O₂可逆结合, 不利于烯烃基的取代, 配合物表现出较差的催化性能, 反之亦然.     

First Principles Study of Al-Li Intermetallic Compounds

The structural properties, heats of formation, elastic properties, and electronic structures of four compositions of binary Al-Li intermetallics, Al₃Li, AlLi, Al₂Li₃, and Al₄Li₉, are ana-lyzed in detail by using density functional theory. The calculated formation heats indicate a strong chemical interaction between Al and Li for all the Al-Li intermetallics. In partic-ular, in the Li-rich Al-Li compounds, the thermodynamic stability of intermetallics linearly decreases with increasing concentration of Li. According to the computational single crystal elastic constants, all the four Al-Li intermetallic compounds considered here are mechani-cally stable. The polycrystalline elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio have been deduced by using Voigt, Reuss, and Hill approximations, and the calculated ratios of bulk modulus to shear modulus indicate that the four compositions of binary Al-Li intermetallics are brittle materials. With the increase of Li concentration, the bulk modulus of Al-Li intermetallics decreases in a linear manner.     

纳米Co-Sn金属间化合物的合成、表征及电化学吸放锂行为

用溶剂热法合成了三种纳米尺寸的Co-Sn金属间化合物, 即CoSn2、CoSn和Co3Sn2, 并研究了它们作为锂离子二次电池新型负极材料的电化学性能. 合成的粉末经过了X射线衍射(XRD), 透射电镜(TEM)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)的表征. 研究发现, 这三种金属间化合物均显示出较高的充放电稳定性. 由于低的锂离子扩散速率, 在嵌锂过程中锂离子不能深入到晶粒内部, 导致它们的电化学活性较低, 尤其是Co3Sn2, 其首次充电容量仅为 93 mAh•g−1.     

聚丁二酸丁二酯/纳米高岭土共混体系结晶及力学性能研究

用熔融共混法制备聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)/纳米高岭土(nano kaolin)复合降解材料,利用FTIR、DSC、万能拉力机和SEM对其微观结构、结晶、力学性能及分散性进行研究.FTIR光谱分析结果表明,改性剂与nano kaolin发生了化学键合作用;DSC结果表明,在PBS中加入nano kaolin,提高了结晶起...     

Construction of crosslinking network structures by adding ZnO and ADR in intumescent flame retardant PLA composites

Different proportion of nano zinc oxide (nano ZnO) and chain extender (ADR) were combined with the intumescent flame retardant and then added into the PLA matrix. The thermal stability, flame retardant performance, and mechanical properties were studied. The gel content results showed that crosslinking structures were obtained after the addition of nano ZnO and ADR, which were generated by the catalytic chain scission effect of nano ZnO and chain extension effect of ADR. With addition of 1% nano ZnO and 1.6% ADR, the gel content of flame retardant PLA composite reached the highest value (14.2%). Meanwhile, the corresponding flame retardant PLA composite with 1% nano ZnO and 1.6% ADR, named FRPLA/ZnO/ADR-1, exhibited an overall improved properties including the flame retardant properties and mechanical performance, which passed the UL94 V-0 level with a limiting oxygen index value of 40.1%. Compared to FRPLA (flame retardant PLA without ZnO and ADR), the peak heat release rate and the total smoke production of FRPLA/ZnO/ADR-1were reduced by 60% and 67% respectively, and the final mass improved from 12% to 38%. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation at break of FRPLA/ZnO/ADR-1 increased by 25%, 14% compared with that of FRPLA. The impact strength was 15.1 kJ/m², which is similar to the pure PLA (15.6 kJ/m²). It indicated that the addition of nano ZnO and ADR could balance the flame retardant performance and the mechanical properties of the flame retardant PLA.     

镧对ZL702合金高温性能的影响

研究了Ｌａ对ＺＬ７０２合金室温和高温力学性能的影响。Ｌａ与合金中的Ａ１,Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ等元素形成难熔的、分布于晶界的不连续网状金属间化合物,提高了合金的热稳定性。当Ｌａ的加入量为０．１０％～０．１５％（质量分数）时,可使合金获得较佳的综合力学性能。     

Electrochemical Characteristics of Mg0.9Ti0.1-xZrxNi （x=0.02, 0.04, 0.06） Alloys

Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys Mg0.9Ti0.1-xZrxNi (x=0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were successfully prepared by means of mechanical alloying (MA). The effects of Zr addition on the discharge capacity and the cycle performance of the Mg-based electrodes were also studied. It was found that the discharge capacities were improved with addition of a small amount of Zr and the cycle performances of the alloy were stabilized with the addition of Ti. The effects of surface modification or coating on the properties of Mg0.9Ti0.06Zr0.04Ni were also studied. The results indicated that coating with graphite improved both the discharge capacity and cycle life of the amorphous Mg0.9Ti0.06Zr0.04Ni electrode.     

Effects of thermo mechanical processing on the mechanical properties of biocomposite flax fibers evaluated by nanoindentation

Knowledge of the mechanical properties of biocomposite components, especially cell walls, is of great interest for understanding reinforcement mechanisms. The aim of this work was to study nano-mechanical properties of flax fibres after a transformation cycle, such as injection moulding or film stacking. The mechanical and thermal behaviour of flax fibres were first studied by using TGA measurements and nanoindentation. Then, to better understand the influence of the process, a morphology study, nanoindentation and TGA experiments were carried out on flax fibres after a process cycle. The importance of water content and shear rate on the mechanical properties of the flax fibres has been shown.     

锂离子电池负极复合材料Al-Co_3O_4的合成及其电化学性能(英文)

采用流变相反应与热处理相结合的方法合成了锂离子电池用Al-Co3O4负极复合材料;利用充放电循环试验测定了复合材料的电化学性能;利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及粒度分布仪分析了复合材料的微结构,考察了Co3O4含量、热处理温度及循环电压范围对复合材料电化学性能的影响;同时探讨了Co3O4纳米微粒在复合材料充放电过程中的作用机理.结果表明,在Al-Co3O4复合材料中,铝基体表面被Co3O4纳米颗粒所包覆;不同组成的复合材料电极的充放电循环性能均优于纯铝电极.     

Smart Solution Chemistry to Sn‐Containing Intermetallic Compounds through a Self‐Disproportionation Process

Developing new methods to synthesize intermetallics is one of the most critical issues for the discovery and application of multifunctional metal materials; however, the synthesis of Sn‐containing intermetallics is challenging. In this work, we demonstrated for the first time that a self‐disproportionation‐induced in situ process produces cavernous Sn?Cu intermetallics (Cu₃Sn and Cu₆Sn₅). The successful synthesis is realized by introducing inorganic metal salts (SnCl₂ ? 2 H₂O) to NaOH aqueous solution to form an intermediate product of reductant (Na₂SnO₂) and by employing steam pressures that enhance the reduction ability. Distinct from the traditional in situ reduction, the current reduction process avoided the uncontrolled phase composition and excessive use of organic regents. An insight into the mechanism was revealed for the Sn?Cu case. Moreover, this method could be extended to other Sn‐containing materials (Sn?Co, Sn?Ni). All these intermetallics were attempted in the catalytic effect on thermal decompositions of ammonium perchlorate. It is demonstrated that Cu₃Sn showed an outstanding catalytic performance. The superior property might be primarily originated from the intrinsic chemical compositions and cavernous morphology as well. We supposed that this smart solution reduction methodology reported here would provide a new recognition for the reduction reaction, and its modified strategy may be applied to the synthesis of other metals, intermetallics as well as some unknown materials.     

Synthesis, structure, and spectroelectrochemical investigation of novel ternary Co/S(Se)/Sn clusters derived from binary cobalt stannanediyl complexes

The synthesis and structure of heterobimetallic Co/Sn complexes [(eta5-CpR)Co-Sn[CH(SiMe3)2]2] (CpR = C5Me5 2; C5EtMe4 3) are described. Insertion reactions of sulfur and selenium into the unbridged heteronuclear Co-Sn bonds of 1, 2, and 3 (R= H5 1, Me5 2, EtMe4 3) have been studied. Depending on the stoichiometry of the chalcogen element used, novel ternary Sn-chalcogen-Co clusters (8, 9, 15, and 16) can be synthesized, and their molecular structures, which represent rare examples of crystallographically characterized cases of ternary transition metal/chalcogen/tin complexes, have been determined. Electrochemistry shows that complexes 8 and 9 are able to support reversibly either the removal or addition of one electron. Insertion of a further (Cp)Co-E (E = chalcogen) fragment significantly affects the electron distribution and causes complexes 9 and 16 to undergo two consecutive one-electron oxidations. The EPR spectra of the respective monocations have been recorded. In all cases, the unpaired electron strongly interacts with the cobalt nucleus(i), thus testifying that the main contribution to the relevant HOMO orbitals comes from the cobalt atom(s).     

Preparation of Bioactive PDMS-Modified CaO–SiO2–TiO2 Hybrids by the Sol-Gel Method

Much attention has been focused on the development of a new type of bioactive material with mechanical properties analogous to those of natural bone. The present authors previously showed that some polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-modified CaO–SiO₂–TiO₂ hybrids prepared by sol-gel method show apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF), which is indicative of bioactivity. In the present study, effects of composition of PDMS-modified CaO–SiO₂–TiO₂ hybrids on their bioactivity and mechanical properties were investigated. The bioactivity of the hybrids increased with decreasing PDMS content and increasing TiO₂ content. Their strain at failure increased with increasing PDMS content and decreasing TiO₂ content. Some samples showed high bioactivity, as well as analogous mechanical properties to those of human cancellous bones. This type of hybrids might be useful as a bone-repairing material.     

含锡AB_5型非化学计量贮氢合金Ⅱ.电化学性能

研究了几种AB5非化学计量贮氢合金的电化学性能 ,及在低电流密度与高电流密度放电下取代元素对放电比容量、活化性能及循环寿命的影响。Sn ,Co,Mn的加入有利于提高合金的电化学贮氢容量 ,La(NiSn) 5.14 ,La(NiSnCo) 5.12 和La(NiSnMn) 5.12 具有相同的电化学贮氢容量与活化特性。尽管La(NiSn) 5.14 大电流放电性能优于La(NiSnCo) 5.12 和La(NiSnMn) 5.12 ,但其寿命短。Mn ,Co和Al可大大提高合金的使用寿命。La(NiSnCo) 5.12 被认为是一种理想的贮氢合金。     

Effects of gamma irradiation on the properties of flame-retardant EVM/magnesium hydroxide blends

The ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer (EVM) rubber/magnesium hydroxide (MH) blend was crosslinked by ⁶⁰Co irradiation in the presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate. And the effects of gamma irradiation on the properties of irradiated EVM/MH blend were investigated through the measurements of the gel content, Vicat point, limiting oxygen index, UL-94, tensile properties, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The test results show that the thermal, mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the EVM/MH blend all are markedly improved by ⁶⁰Co irradiation.     

Studies on the properties of polypropylene with a new silicon‐containing intumescent flame retardant

A new intumescent flame retardant (PSiNII), which contains silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen elements, has been synthesized and incorporated into polypropylene (PP). Its effect on the properties of PP is investigated based on flame retardancy, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and morphologies. The flame retardancy is evaluated by the limiting oxygen index value. The thermal properties (oxidative behaviors and thermal stability) are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen and air atmosphere. The mechanical properties are researched based on the maximum tensile stress and relative strain at break. The morphologies of PP/PSiNII are studied by the scanning electron micrograph. Their flame retardancy and thermal stability are improved by introducing PSiNII. PP/PSiNII blends can achieve high fire performance and keep high mechanical property at the same time. During a fire, the melt‐dripping behaviors of PP‐containing PSiNII are improved. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2548–2556, 2005     

Mg-Y合金的电子理论研究

添加稀土元素Y,可以显著提高镁合金的力学性能特别是高温力学性能。通过固体与分子经验电子理论(EET)对Mg-Y合金进行了价电子结构分析：纯金属晶体计算结果显示Y应处于第五杂阶,证实了Mg应处于第三杂阶。对比Mg-Al合金,阐明了Y优于Al在镁合金中的固溶强化作用的电子理论依据是键能得到增强;同时用电子理论解释了Mg24Y5中间相在镁合金中具有显著强化作用的原因是Y原子占据八面体中心位置,Mg—Y键有效强化了合金基体。     

高填充量碳纳米管/丁苯粉末橡胶机械混炼的物理化学机制

将用喷雾干燥法制备的碳纳米管(CNTs)/丁苯粉末橡胶复合材料在开炼机上机械混炼, 考察机械混炼对复合材料常规力学性能的影响, 并对机械混炼对CNTs增强丁苯橡胶复合材料力学性能的影响进行相应的理论研究和机理分析. 结果表明, 与混炼前的复合材料相比, 机械混炼有效地提高了CNTs/丁苯橡胶复合材料的力学性能, 特别是当CNTs加入量较大时, 提高幅度更为显著, 与填充传统补强剂CB复合材料相比, 具有较大的优势. 这是因为机械混炼一方面使CNTs在橡胶基体中获得了更为充分均匀的分散; 另一方面, 混炼过程中产生的自由基以及巨大的剪切力, 使得CNTs与橡胶基体间界面结合如物理吸附、氢键作用、化学结合等得到了进一步增强, 提高了CNTs/丁苯橡胶复合材料的结合橡胶含量, 更好地发挥了CNTs对丁苯橡胶的补强效应, 从而提高了复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度等力学性能. CNTs补强丁苯橡胶复合材料力学性能的机理符合“强键和弱键学说”.     

Interpenetrating polymer networks of polyurethane and maleimide-terminated polyurethane for biomedical applications

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of polyurethane (PU) and maleimide-terminated polyurethane (UBMI) were prepared by using a simultaneous polymerization technique. The effects of the UBMI molecular weight and amounts of the UBMI in the IPNs on the mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, degree of compatibility, water absorption, surface properties and dynamic thrombosis were investigated. Bulk structure and surface properties were analyzed in order to correlate their blood compatibility. The IPNs exhibited a higher ultimate tensile strength especially when the UBMI with short soft chains was introduced. The heterogeneous characteristics were found for the IPNs when longer soft segment chains were incorporated in the PU component polymer. The presence of hydrophilic/hydrophobic alternative microdomains on the IPN surface was proposed to be the reason for good blood compatibility. The degree of compatibility, compositions of each domain and content of each domain in the matrix were calculated and correlated with the blood compatibility.