分形理论在煤层气非平衡吸附模型中的应用

传统的煤层气动力学模型均是建立在欧几里得几何基础上的,难以描述煤层孔隙结构的复杂性及形状的不规则性。本文以分形理论为基础,通过引入分形维数来刻画煤层孔隙结构的复杂性并考虑煤层的吸附特性、双重介质特征及介质的变形,建立基于Fick第二定律的分形介质煤层气非稳态渗流数学模型。由于流动方程的强非线性,结合各类边界条件用正则摄动法和Laplace变换得到模型在拉氏空间上的近似解析解,再利用Laplace数值反演求得实空间上的数值解。对参数进行敏感性分析并绘制了典型压力曲线,这些结果为煤层气开采提供了理论依据和试井方法。     

低速非达西渗流动边界问题的积的分解

研究了低渗透油藏低速非达西径向流的动边界问题,给出了高精度的积分解,分析了启动压力梯度对压力分布的影响,发现启动压力梯度越大,井底附近压力下降越快,外边界传播越慢．     

考虑井储和表皮效应的分形介质煤层气压力动态分析

考虑煤层的双重介质特征和介质的分形特征,建立了考虑井筒储存和表皮效应影响的分形介质煤储层非平衡吸附、非稳态条件下的气体流动数学模型,并分别求得了无限大地层条件下中心一口井定产量生产时无因次井底压力的Laplace空间解析解和实空间上的数值解.给出了无因次井底压力及其导数随分形参数、无因次井筒储存系数以及表皮系数等变化的双对数曲线图.     

动边界双重介质油藏低速非达西渗流试井模型

裂缝性油藏中基质岩块的渗透率一般很低,大量岩心测试实验证实在基质岩块内的液体渗流和在一定含水饱和度下的气体渗流将偏离达西渗流,往往出现低速非达西渗流,表现出启动压力梯度以及流体流动边界不断向外扩展等特殊现象。本文充分考虑启动压力梯度与动边界的影响,建立了微可压缩双重介质油藏低速非达西渗流的试井数学模型,对时间和空间变量...     

脆性材料的分形统计强度理论

基于脆性材料中裂纹尺度的分形分面和最弱环原理的假设，导出了裂纹尺频分布的分形维数Ｄ与经典统计强度理论中Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ模量ｍ之间的关系，揭示了ｍ的几何实质，并且同时考虑裂纹的尺度分布和方位分布及裂纹扩展路径的不规则性对统计强度的影响，从理论上推导了复杂应力状态下脆性材料统计强度σ的一般表达式。     

考虑非达西渗流的单层非均质地基固结分析

各类地质作用形成的非均质粘性土地基在工程界中广泛存在,同时非均质粘性土中渗流在低水力坡降下会出现非达西渗流的现象.但考虑非达西渗流的非均质粘性土地基一维固结理论尚不完善,应用达西定律计算低水力坡降情况下非均质粘性土中的渗流,会存在较大的误差.因此通过假定粘性土压缩模量随深度线性增加且渗透系数随深度指数减小来考虑地基的非均质性,并考虑实际中变荷载作用建立了非达西渗流下非均质地基固结模型.在此基础上,运用有限差分法获其数值解,并与相应的达西渗流解析解进行对比,验证了本文解的正确性;分别研究了非达西渗流参数m、i1和非均质地基参数α、μ、p对土体孔压、地基沉降、地基平均固结度的影响.结果表明:m和i1值越大,非均质地基中孔压消散越慢,土体固结速率也随之变慢;非均质粘性土地基参数的影响各异,α越大或μ越大、p越小的情况下,固结速率越快,且随着α值增大,非均质土体的最终沉降值越小;而m、i1,μ、p对地基最终沉降量没有影响.非达西渗流和地基的非均质性都会影响土体的固结性状,故此两者在固结计算过程中不可忽略.     

岩石破碎程度的分形度量

本文用分形几何方法对破碎岩石块度分布进行了统计分析,结果表明,分形维数Ｄ是反映岩石破碎程度恰当的统计特征量,同时指出,分形维数是岩石细观结构、破坏方式及试样形状尺寸等因素的综合反映．     

砼受压损伤的分形描述

本文采用分形几何描述方法,量化地分析了受压砼内部微裂缝的分形维数变化情况,并给出了损伤变量ω与分数维Ｄ间的关系。     

基于分形统计强度理论的煤颗粒冲击破碎概率研究

基于分形统计强度理论对煤颗粒的冲击破碎概率进行研究.以Hertz接触假设为基础,得到煤颗粒冲击破碎概率与最大接触压应力之间的函数关系,并结合碰撞动力学理论,建立了冲击破碎概率的分形模型.对不同矿区工作面的煤颗粒进行冲击破碎试验,统计分析表明:分形模型可以对煤颗粒的冲击破碎概率进行很好的描述,冲击破碎概率与冲击速度在对数坐标中为线性关系.通过试验确定分形模型的分形维数和破碎常数,可以得到不同冲击速度下煤颗粒的冲击破碎概率以及煤颗粒全部破碎需要的冲击速度,为冲击破碎效果评价以及冲击速度的确定提供了理论指导.     

磨合过程摩擦力单重分形和多重分形的研究

分别在CD40润滑油和加入添加剂的CD40润滑油润滑条件下,通过销-盘摩擦磨损试验机对船用柴油机活塞环和缸套进行磨合磨损试验,提取摩擦力的时间序列信号,应用分形维数和多重分形谱研究了摩擦力的分形行为.结果表明:摩擦力信号具有分形特征;随着磨合磨损过程的进行,信号的分形维数和多重分形谱出现规律性的变化;不同阶段信号的分形维数趋于减小,与磨损表面粗糙度的变化规律一致;不同阶段信号的多重分形谱呈现出递增或递减趋势,反映了磨损表面的动态变化过程.因此,摩擦力信号的分形维数和多重分形谱可以对磨合磨损过程进行定量分析.     

The theory of fractal interpolated surface and its applications

I.IntroductionFI.actillilltcrpolationwastlrstpEltforwardbyunA]ncrica1llathematician,M.F.Barllsley.in1986.ItgivesanewInethodologytardataf'ittillg,whichnotonlyopedsupanewresearch11eldfol'tilnctiollappl'oachingtheory,butalsoprovidespowerfultoolsforcolnptltcrgraphicsThistool'sapplicabilityisnowfilllyappreciated.Theuseoflinearfunctions,polynomialfunctionsandSurtllcespringfunctionstoestablishvariousmeterialobjectmodelsinreallifefi-omtraditionalEuclideangeometryisnowcommonpractice.Theavailabilit…     

Generalized flow analysis of non-Newtonian visco-elastic fluid flow through fractal reservoir

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The fractal research and predicating on the times series of sunspot relative number

In this paper, with the theory of nonlinear dynamic systems, It is analyzed that the dynamic behavior and the predictabilityfor the monthly mean variationsof the sunspot relative number recorded from January 1891 to December 1996. Inthe progress, the fractal dimension (D=3. 3±0.2) for the variation process wascomputed. This helped us to determine the embedded dimension [2×D+1]=7.By computing the Lyapunov index (λ₁=0.863), it was indicated that the variationprocess is a chaotic system. The Kolmogorov entropy (K=0.0260) was also computed, which provides, theoretically, the predicable time scale. And at the end, according to the result of the analysis above, an experimental predication is made,whose data was a part cut from the sample data.     

Mean field calculation of effective permeability based on fractal pore space

Effective permeability for porous rocks is calculated using mean field theory. We make two simplifying assumptions about the internal conductances in a network representation of the porous rock: (i) Pore space is characterized by a uniform fractal scaling; (ii) the internal conductances depend only on the characteristic pore sizes. Within these approximations, it is possible to derive a simple probability density for the internal conductances which is used for calculating effective permeability. Good agreement between calculations and experimental data of permeability vs. porosity is achieved.     

Explanation of scaling phenomenon based on fractal fragmentation

A significant ‘size effect' is observed in tensile strength of solid particles, such as ice, rock, ceramics and concrete: the tensile strength is not independent of the fragment size, but decreases with increasing size. The Weibull statistical theory was universally used to calculate the size effect observed in solid particles. Recent developments in fractal theory suggest that fractals may provide a more realistic representation of solid particles. In this paper, the scaling phenomenon of ice mechanics is explained using the fractal model for ice particle fragmentation. The Weibull statistics is modified using the fractal crushing of ice, and is compared with the conventional one. Goodness-of-fit statistics show that the modified Weibull statistics fits the experimental data of ice much better than the conventional one. The modified Weibull statistics has only one parameter, the fractal dimension of the fragment size distribution, which has a general value of 2.50 for the ice fragmentations.     

基于分形的捷联惯组历次测试数据混合插值算法

针对捷联惯组历次测试数据小样本、非等间隔、非线性的问题,提出了一种基于分形插值的三次混合插值算法.通过第一次分形插值保证原始测试数据的变化趋势;通过第二次样条函数插值保证了插值的准确性,实现原始测试数据等间隔化;通过第三次分段线性插值,扩大样本容量,同时保证了原有测试序列的统计特性不变.实例分析表明,该算法很好的实现了对捷联惯组历次测试数据的等间隔处理和样本容量扩大,为捷联惯组历次测试数据小样本建模分析提供良好的基础.     

CONSOLIDATION THEORY OF UNSATURATED SOIL BASED ON THE THEORY OF MIXTURE(Ⅱ)

The present paper uses the mathematics model for consolidation of unsaturatedsoil developed in ref.[1]to solve boundary value problems.The analytical solutionsfor one-dimensional consolidation problem are gained by making use of Laplacetransform and finite Fourier transform.The displacement and the pore water pressureas well as the pore gas pressure are found from governing equations simultaneously.The theoretical formulae of coefficient and degree of consolidation are also given inthe paper.With the help of the method of Galerkin Weighted Residuals,the finiteelement equations for two-dimensional consolidation problem are derived.A FORTRANprogram named CSU8 using8-node isoparameter element is designed.A plane strainconsolidation problem is solved using the program,and some distinguishing features onconsolidation of unsaturated soil and certain peculiarities on numerical analysis arerevealed.These achievements make it convenient to apply the theory proposed by theauthor in engineering practice.