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1.
Temperature programmed desorption methods have been used to probe the enantioselectivity of achiral Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111) single crystal surfaces modified by chiral organic molecules including amino acids, alcohols, alkoxides, and amino-alcohols. The following combinations of chiral probes and chiral modifiers on Cu surfaces were included in this study: propylene oxide (PO) on L-alanine modified Cu(110), PO on L-alaninol modified Cu(111), PO on 2-butanol modified Cu(111), PO on 2-butoxide modified Cu(100), PO on 2-butoxide modified Cu(111), R-3-methylcyclohexanone (R-3-MCHO) on 2-butoxide modified Cu(100), and R-3-MCHO on 2-butoxide modified Cu(111). In contrast with the fact that these and other chiral probe/modifier systems have exhibited enantioselectivity on Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces, none of these probe/modifier/Cu systems exhibit enantioselectivity at either low or high modifier coverages. The nature of the underlying substrate plays a significant role in the mechanism of hydrogen-bonding interactions and could be critical to observing enantioselectivity. While hydrogen-bonding interactions between modifier and probe molecule are believed to induce enantioselectivity on Pd surfaces (Gao, F.; Wang, Y.; Burkholder, L.; Tysoe, W. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 15240-15249), such critical interactions may be missing on Cu surfaces where hydrogen-bonding interactions are believed to occur between adjacent modifier molecules, enabling them to form clusters or islands.  相似文献   

2.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Deutsch bearbeitet von K. Popp (Dresden). Herrn Prof. Dr. P. P. von Weimarn spreche ich an dieser Stelle meinen herzlichsten Dank aus für seine stets. liebenswürdige Anregung und Unterstützung. Den Herren Prof. Dr. H. Yagi und Dr. T. Hasimoto des Physikalischen Institutes bin ich für die überlassung des Ultraschallwellenapparates auch zu verbindlichem Dank verpflichtet.  相似文献   

3.
The local structure of the sulfur atom of methanethiolate and ethanethiolate on the Cu(111) and Cu(100) surfaces was investigated from first principles employing the periodic supercell approach in the framework of density functional theory. On the 111 surface, we investigated the (square root 3 x square root 3)R30 degrees and (2 x 2) structures, whereas on the 100 surface, we investigated the p(2 x 2) and c(2 x 2) structures. The landscape of the potential energy surface on each metal surface presents distinctive features that explain the local adsorption structure of thiolates found experimentally. On the Cu(111) surface, the energy difference between the hollow and bridge sites is only 3 kcal/mol, and consequently, adsorption sites ranging from the hollow to the bridge site were observed for increasing surface coverages. On the Cu(100) surface, there is a large energy difference of 12 kcal/mol between the hollow and bridge sites, and therefore, only the 4-fold coordination was observed. The high stabilization of thiolates on the hollow site of Cu(100) may be the driving force for the pseudosquare reconstruction observed experimentally on Cu(111). Density of states analysis and density difference plots were employed to characterize the bonding on different surface sites. Upon interaction with the metal d bands, the pi* orbital of methanethiolate splits into several peaks. The two most prominent peaks are located on either edge of the metal d band. They correspond to bonding and antibonding S-Cu interactions. In the case of ethanethiolate, all the back-bonds are affected by the surface bonding, leading to alternating regions of depletion and accumulation of charge in the successive bonds.  相似文献   

4.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Es sei hier gestattet, den Herren Prof. Dr. J. v. Braun und Prof. Dr. Bonhoeffer für die überlassung eines Arbeitsplatzes bestens zu danken.  相似文献   

5.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Vo?, von dem ich die Anregung zu dieser Arbeit erhielt, sowie Herrn Prof. Dr. E. Schiebold danke ich ganz besonders für ihr st?ndiges f?rderndes Interesse und die wertvollen Hinweise bei meinen Untersuchungen. Die R?ntgenaufnahmen wurden in der physikalisch-chemischen und R?ntgen-Abteilung des Mineralogischen Instituts angefertigt, für die Erlaubnis hierzu sei dem Institutsdirektor Prof. Dr. K. H. Scheumann auch an dieser Stelle bestens gedankt. Ebenfalls danke ich Herrn Dr. W. Hofmann und Herrn Dr. F. Halle für die Beratung bei der Anfertigung und Ausdeutung der Diagramme.  相似文献   

6.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Auszug aus der von der Fakult?t für Maschinenwesen der Technischen Hochschule München zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktor-Ingenieurs (Dr.-Ing.) genehmigten Dissertation. I. Berichterstatter: o. Prof. Dr.-Ing.H. Lüder II. Berichterstatter: o. Prof. Dr.-Ing.U. Grigull  相似文献   

7.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Marburg/Lahn (D4), 1957. Unseren Dank für Unterstützung m?chten wir aussprechen Herrn Prof. Dr.R. E. Grim- Urbana, Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Kautsky und Herrn Dr.B. Brehler-Marburg. Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft sei bestens gedankt für apparative Leihgaben.  相似文献   

8.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Zum Schlu? sei uns gestattet, den Herren Prof. Dr. Birckenbach und Prof. Dr. Grumbrecht, sowie dem „Verband der Metallerzbergwerke“ für die Unterstützung mit Rat und Tat herzlichst zu danken.  相似文献   

9.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Herrn Prof. Dr. P. A. Thiessen, Direktor des Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institutes für physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, danke ich für das dieser Arbeit entgegengebrachte Interesse. Zu besonderem Dank bin ich Herrn Prof. Dr. A. Winkel für wertvolle Hinweise und Diskussionen verpflichtet. Herr W. Helbig hat mich bei der Durchführung der Versuche in dankenswerter Weise unterstützt. Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft erm?glichte die Untersuchung durch Bereitstellung von Hilfsmitteln.  相似文献   

10.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Es ist uns eine angenehme Pflicht, Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Staude und Herrn Prof. Dr.A. L?sche für das dieser Arbeit entgegengebrachte gro\e Interesse sowie letzterem für die Bereitstellung eines Arbeitsplatzes und der erforderlichen Mittel w?rmstens zu danken. Herrn Dr.H. Winkler danken wir für zahlreiche anregende Diskussionen. Nicht zuletzt aber sind wir Fr?uleinCh. Settnik für ihre wertvolle Hilfe bei der Durchführung dieser Arbeit sehr zu Dank verpflichtet. Vgl. auch DissertationG. Ebert (Leipzig 1959).  相似文献   

11.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung ist im Physikalisch-chemischen Institut der Universitiit Marburg begonnen und in der Hauptsache im Kaiser Wilhelm-Institut für Faserstoffchemie, Dahlem, durchgeführt worden. Den Vorst~inden beider Institute, den Herren Prof. Dr. A. Thiel und Prof. Dr. Herzog, danke ich bestens für ihre Hilfe. Der Firma Louis Schopper in Leipzig gebfihrt Dank fiir die entgegenkommende Ueberlassung eines Festigkeitsprfifers. Zu besonderem Dank bin ich der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft für die mir zuteil gewordene Unterstfitzung verpflichtet!  相似文献   

12.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Herrn Prof. Dr. Wo. Ostwald spreche ich für dis Anregung zu dieser Arbeit und liebenswürdigste Unterstützung meinen herzlichsten Dank aus, desgleichen danke ich Herrn Dr. A. Kuhn für freundliche Hilfe besonders bei der Niederschrift vorliegender Arbeit.  相似文献   

13.
Methanol steam re-forming, catalyzed by Pd/ZnO, is a potential hydrogen source for fuel cells, in particular in pollution-free vehicles. To contribute to the understanding of pertinent reaction mechanisms, density functional slab model studies on two competing decomposition pathways of adsorbed methoxide (CH(3)O) have been carried out, namely, dehydrogenation to formaldehyde and C-O bond breaking to methyl. For the (111) surfaces of Pd, Cu, and 1:1 Pd-Zn alloy, adsorption complexes of various reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products relevant for the decomposition processes were computationally characterized. On the surface of Pd-Zn alloy, H and all studied C-bound species were found to prefer sites with a majority of Pd atoms, whereas O-bound congeners tend to be located on sites with a majority of Zn atoms. Compared to Pd(111), the adsorption energy of O-bound species was calculated to be larger on PdZn(111), whereas C-bound moieties were less strongly adsorbed. C-H scission of CH(3)O on various substrates under study was demonstrated to proceed easier than C-O bond breaking. The energy barrier for the dehydrogenation of CH(3)O on PdZn(111) (113 kJ mol(-)(1)) and Cu(111) (112 kJ mol(-)(1)) is about 4 times as high as that on Pd(111), due to the fact that CH(3)O interacts more weakly with Pd than with PdZn and Cu surfaces. Calculated results showed that the decomposition of methoxide to formaldehyde is thermodynamically favored on Pd(111), but it is an endothermic process on PdZn(111) and Cu(111) surfaces.  相似文献   

14.
Lan YQ  Li SL  Wang XL  Shao KZ  Du DY  Zang HY  Su ZM 《Inorganic chemistry》2008,47(18):8179-8187
Six polyoxometalate (POM)-based hybrid materials have been designed and synthesized based on octamolybdate building blocks and copper-organic units at different pH values under hydrothermal conditions, namely, [H2bbi][Cu(II)(bbi)2(beta-Mo8O26)] (1), [Cu(II)(bbi)2(H2O)(beta-Mo8O26)0.5] (2), [Cu(II)(bbi)2(alpha-Mo8O26)][Cu(I)(bbi)]2 (3), [Cu(II)Cu(I)(bbi)3(alpha-Mo8O26)][Cu(I)(bbi)] (4), [Cu(I)(bbi)]2[Cu(I)2(bbi)2(delta-Mo8O26)0.5][alpha-Mo8O26]0.5 (5), and [Cu(I)(bbi)][Cu(I)(bbi)(theta-Mo8O26)0.5] (6), where bbi is 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole). Their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction. In compound 1, the bbi ligands with bis-monodentate coordination modes link Cu(II) cations to generate a 2D copper-organic unit with (4, 4) net, which is pillared by the (beta-Mo8O26)(4-) anions to form a 3D framework with alpha-Po topology. The similar copper-organic units are connected alternately by (beta-Mo8O26)(4-) anions to generate a 3D 2-fold interpenetrating (4,6)-connected framework with (4(4) x 6(2))(4(4) x 6(10) x 8) topology in compound 2. Compounds 3 and 4 are supramolecular isomers with polythreaded topology. If Cu (I)...O interactions are considered, the structure of 3 is a novel self-penetrating (3,4,6)-connected framework with (5(2) x 8)2(5(4) x 6 x 8)(4(4) x 6(10) x 10) topology, and the structure of 4 is a (4,6)-connected framework with (4(2) x 6(3) x 7)(5.6(4) x 8)(4(2) x 5(6) x 6(6) x 8)(4(2) x 5(6) x 6(4) x 7 x 8(2)) topology. Different from compounds 3 and 4, compounds 5 and 6 are supramolecular isomers with polythreaded topology based on different octamolybdate isomers. By careful inspection of the structures of 1-6, it is believed that various copper-organic units, which are formed by bbi ligands combined with Cu(II)/Cu(I) cations, octamolybdates with different types and coordination modes, and the nonbonding interactions between polyanions and copper-organic units are important for the formation of the different structures. In addition, with step by step increasing of the amount of organic amine, we have achieved the transformation of Cu(II) ions into Cu(I) ones in different degrees in POMs-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the first time. The infrared spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses have been investigated in detail for all compounds, and the luminescent properties have been also been investigated for compounds 3 and 4.  相似文献   

15.
The structure, the surface bonding, and the energetics of alkanethiols adsorbed on Cu(111), Ag(111), and Au(111) surfaces were studied under low and high coverages. The potential energy surfaces (PES) for the thiol/metal interaction were investigated in the absence and presence of externally applied electric fields in order to simulate the effect of the electrode potential on the surface bonding. The electric field affects the corrugation of the PES which decreases for negative fields and increases for positive fields. In the structural investigation, we considered the relaxation of the adsorbate and the surface. The highest relaxation in a direction perpendicular to the surface was observed for gold atoms, whereas silver atoms presented the highest relaxation in a plane parallel to the surface. The surface relaxation is more important in the low coverage limit. The surface bonding was investigated by means of the total and projected density of states analysis. The highest ionic character was observed on the copper surface whereas the highest covalent character occurs on gold. This leads to a strong dependence of the PES with the tilt angle of the adsorbate on Au(111) whereas this dependence is less pronounced on the other metals. Thus, the adsorbate-relaxation and the metal-relaxation contributions to the binding energy are more important on gold. The adsorption of thiols on gold was investigated on the 111 surface as well as on a surface with gold adatoms in order to elucidate the effect of thiols on the surface diffusion of gold. The CH(3)CH(2)S radical adsorbs ontop of the gold adatom. The diffusional barrier of the CH(3)CH(2)SAu species is lower than that for a bare gold adatom and is also lower than that for the bare thiol radical. The adsorption of the molecular species CH(3)SH and CH(3)CH(2)SH was also investigated on Au(111). They adsorb via the sulfur atom ontop of a gold atom. On the other hand, the adsorption of the alkanethiol radicals on the perfect 111 surfaces occurs on the face centered cubic (fcc)-bridge site in the low coverage limit for all metals and shifts toward the fcc site at high coverage on copper and silver.  相似文献   

16.
Oxidized copper surfaces have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their unique catalytic properties, including their enhanced hydrocarbon selectivity during the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Although oxygen plasma has been used to create highly active copper oxide electrodes for CO2RR, how such treatment alters the copper surface is still poorly understood. Here, we study the oxidation of Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces by sequential exposure to a low-pressure oxygen plasma at room temperature. We used scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), low energy electron microscopy (LEEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) for the comprehensive characterization of the resulting oxide films. O2-plasma exposure initially induces the growth of 3-dimensional oxide islands surrounded by an O-covered Cu surface. With ongoing plasma exposure, the islands coalesce and form a closed oxide film. Utilizing spectroscopy, we traced the evolution of metallic Cu, Cu2O and CuO species upon oxygen plasma exposure and found a dependence of the surface structure and chemical state on the substrate''s orientation. On Cu(100) the oxide islands grow with a lower rate than on the (111) surface. Furthermore, while on Cu(100) only Cu2O is formed during the initial growth phase, both Cu2O and CuO species are simultaneously generated on Cu(111). Finally, prolonged oxygen plasma exposure results in a sandwiched film structure with CuO at the surface and Cu2O at the interface to the metallic support. A stable CuO(111) surface orientation is identified in both cases, aligned to the Cu(111) support, but with two coexisting rotational domains on Cu(100). These findings illustrate the possibility of tailoring the oxidation state, structure and morphology of metallic surfaces for a wide range of applications through oxygen plasma treatments.

A low-pressure oxygen plasma oxidized Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces at room temperature. The time-dependent evolution of surface structure and chemical composition is reported in detail for a range of exposure times up to 30 min.  相似文献   

17.
A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for the speciation of Co(II), Co(III), and Cu(II) in electroless copper-plating baths containing ethylenediamine (En) has been developed. The method is based on the selective pre-capillary derivatization of Co(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) followed by CE separation of stable [CoPhen(3)](2+), [CoEn(3)](3+), and [CuEn(2)](2+) chelates. The proposed derivatization procedure protects Co(II) from oxidation by dissolved oxygen and enables rapid determination of all three metal species within a single run. The optimized separations were carried out in a fused silica capillary (57 cmx75-microm I.D.) filled with an ethylenediamine sulfate electrolyte (20 mmol L(-1) H(2)SO(4), pH 7.0 with En, applied voltage +30 kV) using direct UV detection at 214 nm. The detection limits for a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 and 10 s, hydrodynamic injections were 5x10(-6) mol L(-1) for Cu(II), 1x10(-6) mol L(-1) for Co(III), and 4x10(-7) mol L(-1) for Co(II). Application of the method to the speciation of Co(II), Co(III), and Cu(II) in copper-plating bath samples is also demonstrated.  相似文献   

18.
Zusammenfassung Durch Erhitzen hergestellte L?sungenn-carbonsaurer Natriumsalze (Komponente 1) in Kohlenwasserstoffen (Komponente 2) zeigen in vielen F?llen beim Abkühlen Geliereffekte; sie erstarren zu mehr oder weniger festen, klar durchsichtigen oder trüben Gelen. Diese Verfestigung tritt aber nur dann ein, wenn 1. ein geeigneter Zusatzstoff (Komponente 3) in geringer Konzentration anwesend ist und 2. die L?sung auf eine bestimmte kritische Temperatur gebracht wird. Es wird das Verhalten von 50 L?sungsmitteln als 2. Komponenten und die Wirksamkeit von 250 verschiedenen Stoffen als 3. Komponenten untersucht. Ein Scherkraftmesser dient zur Kennzeichnung der erhaltenen Gele. Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Dunken m?chte ich für die Themenstellung und die M?glichkeit zur Durchführung dieser Untersuchungen, sowie für deren tatkr?ftige F?rderung herzlich danken.  相似文献   

19.
Ohne Zusammenfassung Die R?ntgenuntersuchungen konnten wir im Physikalisch-Chemischen Institut der Universit?t Heidelberg durchführen. Herrn Dozenten Dr. Borchert sind wir für das freundliche Entgegenkommen zu besonderem Dank verpflichtet. Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Nowotny, Wien, danken wir für wertvolle Diskussionen.  相似文献   

20.
Zusammenfassung Die Frage, warum sich für verschiedene H?hen einer Membran verschiedene osmotische Drucke berechnen lassen, wurde beantwortet. Es wurde ein Einblick in die Vorg?nge gewonnen, die sich bei der Einstellung des Gleichgewichtes in verschiedenen H?hen abspielen, und eine tiefere Begründung für die Formel gegeben, nach der man den überdruck in der Membranmitte dem osmotischen Druck der Ausgangsl?sung gleichsetzt. Es wurde gezeigt, da? sich ein Sedimentationsgleichgewicht durch horizontalen Stofftransport durch eine Membran ausbilden kann. Dieser Vorgang kann unter Umst?nden zur Untersuchung von Sedimentationsgleichgewichten hochmolekularer einheitlicher Substanzen im normalen Schwerefeld dienen. Eine Reihe von Fragen, besonders quantitativer Art, bedarf noch der Bearbeitung. Den Herren Prof. Dr. Reiff, Dr. Haas und Prof. Dr. Schulz danke ich für das gezeigte Interesse, sowie Fr?ulein Leschick für wertvolle Mitarbeit.  相似文献   

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