热阻塞效应对激光辐照靶材烧蚀过程的影响分析

研究了百兆瓦级激光烧蚀碳/碳复合材料靶材产生的等离子体吸收激光束能量引起的热阻塞效应。首先,基于逆轫致吸收理论,建立了激光在烧蚀靶材产生的等离子体中的传播模型;然后,基于磁流体理论,得到了等离子体在百兆瓦级激光形成的电磁场中的波动方程,建立了等离子体吸收激光能量引起热阻塞效应的模型。最后,对烧蚀过程中粒子的总密度、吸收系数、靶材表面等效热流随激光持续时间的变化规律以及是否考虑热阻塞效应时,靶面垂直方向的温度场进行了数值模拟。结果表明：等离子体的形成,对激光形成了明显的热阻塞效应,削弱了激光对靶材的烧蚀作用,使粒子总密度、吸收系数、靶材表面等效热流以及靶面垂直方向温度场的变化均呈现为非线性。     

不同气压背景下激光烧蚀Al靶产生等离子体特性分析

用时间和空间分辨诊断技术研究了脉冲激光烧蚀不同气压环境下金属Ａｌ靶过程中产生的等离子体羽的特性。     

Al和C8H8的激光烧蚀深度测量

叙述了采用时间积分的晶体谱仪探测不同发次衬底元素离子谱线强度的相对变化外推激光烧蚀深度的方法,获取了Al和C8H8的激光烧蚀深度,进而推出了Al和C8H8的质量烧蚀速率和烧蚀压。对实验结果进行了分析和讨论。     

Al和C8H8的激光烧蚀深度测量

 叙述了采用时间积分的晶体谱仪探测不同发次衬底元素离子谱线强度的相对变化外推激光烧蚀深度的方法,获取了Al和C₈H₈的激光烧蚀深度,进而推出了Al和C₈H₈的质量烧蚀速率和烧蚀压。对实验结果进行了分析和讨论。     

强激光烧蚀平面靶的实验研究

此文叙述了采用晶体谱仪和X射线条纹相机等探测器测量平面靶强激光烧蚀参数的方法 ,给出了铝平面靶和碳氢平面靶的质量烧蚀速率和烧蚀压。实验结果与收集到的国外数据进行了比较 ,二者在误差范围内一致。同时探索了金平面靶强激光烧蚀参数的实验研究方法。     

长脉冲高能激光对金属靶材烧蚀实验研究

为研究长脉冲高能激光与金属靶材相互作用的机理,使用2种激光器对铝、钢、铜和钛靶材进行烧蚀试验。记录靶材穿透时的激光轰击次数,测量穿过通孔的激光能量和孔的面积,得到不同材料在不同能量密度下的烧蚀率。实验表明：能量密度低的激光束,即使对靶材可能有烧蚀作用,它的烧蚀率要比能量密度高的激光束小很多。能量密度达到造成液态质量迁移条件的长脉冲激光,可获得较大的烧蚀率和截面积较大的通孔。     

脉冲激光烧蚀制备纳米Si晶粒成核气压阈值及动力学研究

采用脉冲激光烧蚀技术,在室温、低压Ar气条件下通过改变气体压强及靶与衬底间距,对纳米Si晶粒成核的气压阈值进行了研究.根据扫描电子显微镜图像、拉曼散射谱和X射线衍射谱对制备样品的表征结果,确定了在室温、激光能量密度为4 J/cm²、靶与衬底间距为3 cm条件下形成纳米Si晶粒的阈值气压为0.6 Pa.结合流体力学模型和成核分区模型,对纳米晶粒的成核动力学过程进行了分析.通过Monte Carlo数值模拟,表明在气相成核过程中,烧蚀Si原子的温度和过饱和密度共同影响着纳米晶粒的成核.关键词：脉冲激光烧蚀成核气压阈值Monte Carlo数值模拟     

脉冲激光烧蚀块状靶材的双动态界面研究

给出脉冲激光作用块状靶材的烧蚀模型.根据能量平衡原理,导出烧蚀面的位置随时间的变化关系.利用绝热近似、温度连续性条件和能量平衡原理来获得烧蚀面与固液相界面边界条件.结合热传导方程,利用精确解与积分近似法相结合的方案,给出固液两相的温度分布与时间和位置的变化关系,以及固液相界面的位置随时间的变化规律,并与已有的理论和实验结果进行比较.最后以铝靶为例计算模拟了激光烧蚀的全过程计算.关键词：脉冲激光等离子体固液相界面烧蚀面     

气压对激光烧蚀Al等离子体中粒子速度的影响

在背景气压为8× 10-3— 100Pa范围内 ,通过测量脉冲激光烧蚀平面Al靶产生的等离子体辐射谱的时间分辨特征 ,比较空间不同点辐射的飞行时间轮廓的相对延迟 ,从而得到辐射粒子速度及其空间分布 .利用绝热膨胀的理论和激波模型分别对背景气压小于 0 .6Pa的结果和 5Pa时的结果作了分析 ,并得出激波的波面基本上为柱对称. With the ambient gas pressure in the range from 8×10 -3 to 10 2 Pa, Q-switched YAG laser ablates plane aluminum target and plasma are produced. Optical emission spectroscopy is used to carry out time-resolved analysis of atomic particles. Using the resonance transition of Al I 396.1 nm (3p 2P-4s 2S), the spatiol velocity distribution of Al I has been obtained under the laser energies of 160 mJ/pulse when the ablating size is about 200 μm. The velocity is at the order of 10 6 cm/s...     

Ar环境气压对脉冲激光烧蚀制备纳米Si晶粒平均尺寸的影响

采用XeCl脉冲准分子激光器,烧蚀高阻抗单晶Si靶,在1—500 Pa的Ar气环境下沉积制备了纳米Si薄膜. x射线衍射谱测量证实,纳米Si晶粒已经形成.利用扫描电子显微镜观测了所形成纳米Si薄膜的表面形貌,结果表明,随着环境气压的增加,所形成的纳米Si晶粒的平均尺寸增大,气压为100 Pa时达到最大值20 nm,而后开始减小. 从晶粒形成动力学角度,对实验结果进行了定性分析.关键词：纳米Si晶粒脉冲激光烧蚀表面形貌     

Volatile Phthalocyanines: Vapor Pressure and Thermodynamics

The current review summarizes the data of saturated vapor pressure and thermodynamic parameters of the sublimation process of different phthalocyanines as reported in the literature as well as in our work. The volatility of phthalocyanines is analyzed from the standpoint of their molecular and crystal structure. The differences in the saturated vapor pressure value of the investigated phthalocyanines may reach some orders of magnitude and are determined by the Van der Waals and electrostatic interaction of the peripheral atoms of adjacent molecules, as well as to a specific interaction, the type and number of which depend on the type of molecules packing in the crystal.     

Impact of the lasr wavelength and fluence on the ablation rate of aluminium

The dependence of the ablation rate of aluminium on the fluence of nanosecond laser pulses with wavelengths of 532 nm and respectively 1064 nm is investigated in atmospheric air. The fluence of the pulses is varied by changing the diameter of the irradiated area at the target surface, and the wavelength is varied by using the fundamental and the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser system. The results indicate an approximately logarithmic increase of the ablation rate with the fluence for ablation rates smaller than ∼6 μm/pulse at 532 nm, and 0.3 μm/pulse at 1064 nm wavelength. The significantly smaller ablation rate at 1064 nm is due to the small optical absorptivity, the strong oxidation of the aluminium target, and to the strong attenuation of the pulses into the plasma plume at this wavelength. A jump of the ablation rate is observed at the fluence threshold value, which is ∼50 J/cm² for the second harmonic, and ∼15 J/cm² for the fundamental pulses. Further increasing the fluence leads to a steep increase of the ablation rate at both wavelengths, the increase of the ablation rate being approximately exponential in the case of visible pulses. The jump of the ablation rate at the threshold fluence value is due to the transition from a normal vaporization regime to a phase explosion regime, and to the change of the dimensionality of the hydrodynamics of the plasma-plume.      

约束靶面黑漆涂层对激光冲击波的影响

 介绍了约束靶表面的黑漆涂层对激光冲击波的影响。激光功率密度 10⁹W/cm²量级,脉宽33ns,波长1.06μm。靶材选用两种不同厚度的铜和铝,靶表面用有机玻璃约束。通过对冲击波压力的直接测量发现,涂层不仅可以增加激光冲击波压力,而且还影响冲击波的演化过程。比较有无涂层的靶面SEM照片发现,黑漆涂层能有效地保护激光辐照表面,使之不受激光烧蚀。     

分形理论在碳化材料三维烧蚀热防护计算中的应用

烧蚀过程中的传热传质对烧蚀防护工程具有重要意义,准确的温度评估可以为高超声速飞行器的热防护结构和烧蚀材料的设计提供有效的支持.由于材料烧蚀形成的碳化物是一种典型的多孔介质,其结构具有自相似性,可以用分形理论来描述.在烧蚀计算中引入了分形渗透率张量模型进行计算.针对烧蚀过程中热解气体在碳化层中的扩散方程、温度、材料等参数对烧蚀过程的影响,对不同迂曲度分形维数和不同孔径分形维数材料三维球头进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明：材料的孔径分形维数越小,迂曲度分形维数越大,热防护效果越好.

     

Modeling of plasma-controlled surface evaporation and condensation of Al target under pulsed laser irradiation in the nanosecond regime

Phase transition on the surface of an aluminium target and vapour plasma induced by laser irradiation in the nanosecond regime at the wavelengths of 1.06 and 0.248 μm with an intensity of 10⁸-10⁹ W/cm² in vacuum are analysed. Particular attention is paid to the wavelength dependence of the observed phenomena and the non-one-dimensional effect caused by the Gaussian laser intensity distribution. A transient two-dimensional model is used which includes conductive heat transfer in the condensed phase, radiative gas dynamics and laser radiation transfer in the plasma as well as surface evaporation and back condensation at the phase interface. It is shown that distinctions in phase transition dynamics for the 1.06 and 0.248 μm radiation result from essentially different characteristics of the laser-induced plasmas. For the 1.06 μm radiation, evaporation stops after the formation of hot optically thick plasma, can occasionally resume at a later stage of the pulse, proceeds non-uniformly in the spot area, and the major contribution to the mass removal occurs in the outer part of the irradiated region. Plasma induced by the 0.248 μm laser is much more transparent therefore evaporation does not stop but continues in the subsonic regime with the Mach number of about 0.1.     

单波长泵浦双光子吸收铷蒸汽激光器理论分析

双光子吸收碱金属蒸汽激光器（TPAL）在基础研究和国防工程中有重要的应用前景,近些年来已成为激光领域研究热点之一,但TPAL还缺少相关的理论模型。因此,本文基于碱金属原子的双光子吸收能级跃迁过程构建速率方程,并建立了TPAL理论模型,研究了单波长泵浦双光子吸收铷蒸汽激光器（Rb-TPAL）的工作特性,分析了泵浦光束腰位置、蒸汽池温度以及泵浦功率对Rb-TPAL蓝光输出特性的影响。结果表明,通过优化泵浦光束腰位置和蒸汽池温度,在高功率泵浦情况下,Rb-TPAL可获得高功率蓝光激光输出。     

Frequency dependence of the output power of metal vapor lasers

The output power of two metal vapor lasers is measured versus operational frequency. The measured output of two lines of a copper vapor laser versus frequency has some maxima and minimums in the interval of 13-30 kHz, individually. So this behavior has occurred for a gold vapor laser in the interval of 12.5-25 kHz. It is found the relationship between these extremes.