On a class of representations of the Virasoro algebra and a conjecture of Kac

We consider a class of representations of the Virasoro algebra that we call bounded admissible representations. For this class, we prove a conjecture of Victor Kac concerning the irreducibility of these representations. Results concerning the center and dimensions of weight spaces are also obtained.     

Vertex Operator Algebras Associated to Admissible Representations of

The Kac-Wakimoto admissible modules for are studied from the point of view of vertex operator algebras. It is shown that the vertex operator algebra L(l,0) associated to irreducible highest weight modules at admissible level is not rational if l is not a positive integer. However, a suitable change of the Virasoro algebra makes L(l,0) a rational vertex operator algebra whose irreducible modules are exactly these admissible modules for and for which the fusion rules are calculated. It is also shown that the q-dimensions with respect to the new Virasoro algebra are modular functions. Received: 4 April 1996/Accepted: 1 August 1996     

Simple Modules over the Higher-Rank Super-Virasoro Algebras

It is proved that uniformly bounded simple modules over higher-rank super-Virasoro algebras are modules of the intermediate series, and that simple modules with finite dimensional weight spaces are either modules of the intermediate series or generalized highest weight modules.     

On the Classification of Admissible Representations of the Virasoro Algebra

For the Virasoro algebra, the problems of classifying bounded admissible representations, on the one hand, and finite-length extensions of highest weight modules, on the other hand, are wild: they are as complicated as the problem of classifying a pair of matrices. This follows from results by Martin and Piard and Feigin and Fuchs.     

An admissible level $$\widehat{\mathfrak {osp}} \left( 1 \big \vert 2 \right) $$-model: modular transformations and the Verlinde formula

The modular properties of the simple vertex operator superalgebra associated with the affine Kac–Moody superalgebra \(\widehat{{\mathfrak {osp}}} (1|2)\) at level \(-\frac{5}{4}\) are investigated. After classifying the relaxed highest-weight modules over this vertex operator superalgebra, the characters and supercharacters of the simple weight modules are computed and their modular transforms are determined. This leads to a complete list of the Grothendieck fusion rules by way of a continuous superalgebraic analog of the Verlinde formula. All Grothendieck fusion coefficients are observed to be non-negative integers. These results indicate that the extension to general admissible levels will follow using the same methodology once the classification of relaxed highest-weight modules is completed.     

Extended supersymmetries and the Dirac operator

We consider supersymmetric quantum mechanical systems in arbitrary dimensions on curved spaces with nontrivial gauge fields. The square of the Dirac operator serves as Hamiltonian. We derive a relation between the number of supercharges that exist and restrictions on the geometry of the underlying spaces as well as the admissible gauge field configurations. From the superalgebra with two or more real supercharges we infer the existence of integrability conditions and obtain a corresponding superpotential. This potential can be used to deform the supercharges and to determine zero modes of the Dirac operator. The general results are applied to the Kähler spaces CPⁿ.     

Singular Dimensions of the¶N= 2 Superconformal Algebras. I

Verma modules of superconfomal algebras can have singular vector spaces with dimensions greater than 1. Following a method developed for the Virasoro algebra by Kent, we introduce the concept of adapted orderings on superconformal algebras. We prove several general results on the ordering kernels associated to the adapted orderings and show that the size of an ordering kernel implies an upper limit for the dimension of a singular vector space. We apply this method to the topological N= 2 algebra and obtain the maximal dimensions of the singular vector spaces in the topological Verma modules: 0, 1, 2 or 3 depending on the type of Verma module and the type of singular vector. As a consequence we prove the conjecture of Gato-Rivera and Rosado on the possible existing types of topological singular vectors (4 in chiral Verma modules and 29 in complete Verma modules). Interestingly, we have found two-dimensional spaces of singular vectors at level 1. Finally, by using the topological twists and the spectral flows, we also obtain the maximal dimensions of the singular vector spaces for the Neveu–Schwarz N= 2 algebra (0, 1 or 2) and for the Ramond N= 2 algebra (0, 1, 2 or 3). Received: 19 August 1998 / Accepted: 15 March 1999     

Differential and Complex Geometry of Two-Dimensional Noncommutative Tori

We analyze in detail projective modules over two-dimensional noncommutative tori and complex structures on these modules. We concentrate our attention on properties of holomorphic vectors in these modules; the theory of these vectors generalizes the theory of theta-functions. The paper is self-contained; it can be used also as an introduction to the theory of noncommutative spaces with simplest space of this kind thoroughly analyzed as a basic example.     

Singular Dimensions¶of the N= 2 Superconformal Algebras II:¶The Twisted N= 2 Algebra

We introduce a suitable adapted ordering for the twisted N= 2 superconformal algebra (i.e. with mixed boundary conditions for the fermionic fields). We show that the ordering kernels for complete Verma modules have two elements and the ordering kernels for G-closed Verma modules just one. Therefore, spaces of singular vectors may be two-dimensional for complete Verma modules whilst for G-closed Verma modules they can only be one-dimensional. We give all singular vectors for the levels , 1, and for both complete Verma modules and G-closed Verma modules. We also give explicit examples of degenerate cases with two-dimensional singular vector spaces in complete Verma modules. General expressions are conjectured for the relevant terms of all (primitive) singular vectors, i.e. for the coefficients with respect to the ordering kernel. These expressions allow to identify all degenerate cases as well as all G-closed singular vectors. They also lead to the discovery of subsingular vectors for the twisted N= 2 superconformal algebra. Explicit examples of these subsingular vectors are given for the levels , 1, and . Finally, the multiplication rules for singular vector operators are derived using the ordering kernel coefficients. This sets the basis for the analysis of the twisted N= 2 embedding diagrams. Received: Received: 15 March 1999 / Accepted: 12 November 2000     

Quantum group structure in the Fock space resolutions of\widehat{sl}(n) representations

We describe a complex of Wakimoto-type Fock space modules for the affine Kac-Moody algebra . The intertwining operators that build the complex are obtained from contour integrals of so-called screening operators. We show that a quantum group structure underlies the algebra of screening operators. This observation greatly facilitates the explicit determination of the intertwiners. We conjecture that the complex provides a resolution of an irreducible highest weight module in terms of Fock spaces.Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract #DE-AC02-76ER03069.Supported by the NSF Grant #PHY-88-04561     

Doubling bialgebras of rooted trees

The vector space spanned by rooted forests admits two graded bialgebra structures. The first is defined by Connes and Kreimer using admissible cuts, and the second is defined by Calaque, Ebrahimi-Fard and the second author using contraction of trees. In this article, we define the doubling of these two spaces. We construct two bialgebra structures on these spaces which are in interaction, as well as two related associative products obtained by dualization. We also show that these two bialgebras verify a commutative diagram similar to the diagram verified Calaque, Ebrahimi-Fard and the second author in the case of rooted trees Hopf algebra, and by the second author in the case of cycle-free oriented graphs.     

From Path Representations to Global Morphisms for a Class of Minimal Models

We construct global observable algebras and global DHR morphisms for the Virasoro minimal models with central charge c(2,q), q odd. To this end, we pass from the irreducible highest weight modules to path representations, which involve fusion graphs of the c(2,q) models. The paths have an interpretation in terms of quasi-particles which capture some structure of non-conformal perturbations of the c(2,q) models. The path algebras associated to the path spaces serve as algebras of bounded observables. Global morphisms which implement the superselection sectors are constructed using quantum symmetries: We argue that there is a canonical semi-simple quantum symmetry algebra for each quasi-rational CFT, in particular for the c(2,q) models. These symmetry algebras act naturally on the path spaces, which allows to define a global field algebra and covariant multiplets therein.     

Continuity properties of the representations of the canonical commutation relations

We prove that a given representation of the canonical commutation relations can be extended uniquely by continuity to larger test function spaces which are maximal in the sense that no further extension is possible. For irreducible tensor product representations of the canonical commutation relations we give a necessary and a sufficient condition for the admissible test functions. We consider the problem of finding topologies on the test function spaces such that this extension can be obtained by a topological completion. Various examples are discussed.Supported in part by the National Research Council of Canada.An earlier version of the present work was distributed as a preprint entitled Topologies for Test Function Spaces for Representations of the Canonical Commutation Relations.     

A Weyl group for the Virasoro andN=1 super-Virasoro algebras

We introduce a Weyl group for the highest weight modules over the Virasoro algebra and the Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond superalgebras. Using this group we rewrite the character formulae for the irreducible highest weight modules over these algebras in the form of the classical Weyl character formula for the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of semi-simple Lie algebras (and also of the Weyl-Kac character formula for the integrable highest weight modules over affine Kac-Moody algebras). This is the same group we introduced recently in order to rewrite in a similar manner the characters of the singular highest weight modules over the affine Kac-Moody algebraA ₁ ⁽¹⁾ .     

On infinite direct products of continuous unitary one-parameter groups

We discuss the infinite product of unitary operators in an incomplete direct product of Hilbert spaces. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived under which this infinite product leads to a continuous unitary one-parameter group provided each factor is assumed to have this property. A certain minimal condition guarantees the existence of a renormalized unitary group. An application is made to product representations of the canonical commutation relations in order to determine the admissible test functions.     

On the Equivalence of Euler-Lagrange and Noether Equations

We prove that, under the condition of nontriviality, the Euler-Lagrange and Noether equations are equivalent for a general class of scalar variational problems. Examples are position independent Lagrangians, Lagrangians of p-Laplacian type, and Lagrangians leading to nonlinear Poisson equations. As applications we prove certain propositions concerning the nonlinear Poisson equation and its generalisations, and the equivalence of admissible and inner variations for the systems under consideration.     

Fock representations and BRST cohomology inSL(2) current algebra

We investigate the structure of the Fock modules overA ₁ ⁽¹⁾ introduced by Wakimoto. We show that irreducible highest weight modules arise as degree zero cohomology groups in a BRST-like complex of Fock modules. Chiral primary fields are constructed as BRST invariant operators acting on Fock modules. As a result, we obtain a free field representation of correlation functions of theSU(2) WZW model on the plane and on the torus. We also consider representations of fractional level arising in Polyakov's 2D quantum gravity. Finally, we give a geometrical, Borel-Weil-like interpretation of the Wakimoto construction.     

New Weyl groups forA 1 (1) and characters of singular highest weight modules

We consider singular Verma modules overA ₁ ⁽¹⁾ , i.e., Verma modules for which the central charge is equal to minus the dual Coxeter number. We calculate the characters of certain factor modules of these Verma modules. In one class of cases we are able to prove that these factor modules are actually the irreducible highest modules for those highest weights. We introduce new Weyl groups which are infinitely generated abelian groups and are proper subgroups or isomorphic between themselves. Using these Weyl groups we can rewrite the character formulae obtained in the paper in the form of the classical Weyl character formula for the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of semisimple Lie algebras (respectively Weyl-Kac character formula for the integrable highest weight modules over affine Kac-Moody algebras) so that the new Weyl groups play the role of the usual Weyl group (respectively affine Weyl group).     

Finite-Dimensional Half-Integer Weight Modules over Queer Lie Superalgebras

We give a new interpretation of representation theory of the finite-dimensional half-integer weight modules over the queer Lie superalgebra \({\mathfrak{q}(n)}\). It is given in terms of the Brundan’s work on finite-dimensional integer weight \({\mathfrak{q}(n)}\)-modules by means of Lusztig’s canonical basis. Using this viewpoint we compute the characters of the finite-dimensional half-integer weight irreducible modules. For a large class of irreducible modules whose highest weights are of special types (i.e., totally connected or totally disconnected) we derive closed-form character formulas that are reminiscent of the Kac–Wakimoto character formula for basic Lie superalgebras.     

Test function spaces for direct product representations of the canonical commutation relations

It is shown how the test function spaces for the field operator and its canonical conjugate are determined by a given irreducible direct product representation of the canonical commutation relations. An explicit characterization of the admissible test functions (so that the smeared out field operators are selfadjoint) is given in terms of any one product state of the representation space.