Method of obtaining heliotrine from the epigeal part of Heliotropium dasycarpum

The technological processes for obtaining heliotrine from the epigeal part ofHeliotropium dasycarpum Ledeb. have been studied. A rational method of obtaining heliotrine from the plant raw material has been developed which consists in the extraction of the raw material with 80% ethanol, concentration to an aqueous residue, and reduction of the N-oxide form of heliotrine followed by extraction with chloroform, evaporation, and recrystallization from acetone. The yield of heliotrine corresponding to TU [Technical Standard] 6-09-50-2386-82 is 75–85% of its amount in the raw material.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 86–88, January–February, 1986.     

A new synthesis of brassicasterol

A new method has been developed for obtaining brassicasterol — the initial compound for the synthesis of the natural brassinosteroid epibrassinolide.Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Belorussian Academy of Sciences, Minsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 90–93, January–February, 1992.     

Method of obtaining allapinine from the epigeal part of Aconitum leucostomum

The industrial processes for obtaining allapinine (lappaconitine hydrobromide) from the epigeal part ofAconitum leucostomum have been studied. As a result, a rational method of obtaining allapinine from the plant raw material has been developed which consists in the extraction of the raw material with 80% ethanol and concentration to an aqueous residue, followed by extraction with chloroform, purification, the production of technical allapinine, and its recrystallization from methanol or from aqueous ethanol. The yield of allapinine satisfying the requirements of VFS 31-1667-86 amounts to 72–80% of its amount in the raw material.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 91–94, January–February, 1988.     

Enzymatic production of glucose syrups from cellulose-containing plant wastes

A method has been developed for obtaining glucose syrups from cellulose-containing plant wastes under the action of a complex of cellulases from a hybrid strain of fungus. Purified glucose syrups containing 19–20 mg/ml of reducing sugars have been obtained.Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 41 71 29. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 358–361, May–June, 1997.     

Pectin from green kenaf bast

A technology is proposed for obtaining from kenaf bast and flax bast a food pectin the physicochemical indices of which correspond to proposed requirements.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 193–197, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted October 18, 1994.     

Use of high-speed liquid chromatography for separating the gibberellins and compounds related to them

Known methods of obtaining 4-bromophenacyl esters of the gibberellins are considered. A convenient method of obtaining 4-bromophenacyl esters of gibberellins, which are readily recorded by the UV detector of a liquid chromatograph, is described. The chromatographic separation has been performed of two model mixtures of esters of different polarities on fine-grained silica gel.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 228–231, March–April, 1980.     

Synthesis of 9-arylidene derivatives of deoxyvasicinone

A simple method has been developed for obtaining 9-arylidenedeoxyvasicinones by condensing deoxyvasicinone with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The yields of reaction products amount to 69–95%.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 79–81, January–February, 1998.     

Glycosylation of cardiosteroids

The review considers methods of glycosylating cardiosteroids with the aim of obtaining compounds possessing a specific action on the cardiac muscle.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the UzbekSSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 547–563, September–October, 1984.     

Plant pectin substances. Methods of isolating pectin substances

Information is given on methods of isolating plant pectin substances from various raw-material sources, and the conditions for obtaining high-quality pectin are discussed.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 635–643, September–October, 1993.     

Preparation of esters of amino acids and of peptides under mild conditions

A new method for obtaining esters of N-protected amino acids and peptides from complexes of their sodium salts with 15-crown-5 that are soluble in organic solvents is proposed.A. V. Bogatskii Physicochemical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Odessa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 224–225, March–April, 1986.     

Synthesis of the sex pheromone of the grain moth Ephestia elutella

A most convenient synthesis of tetradeca-9Z,12E-dien-l-ol and its acetate — components of the sex pheromone of the grain moth — has been carried out on the basis of a scheme for obtaining a cis-1,trans-4-dienic system.A. S. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, pp. 834–840, November–December, 1989.     

Synthesis of lagohirsin by the dehydrogenation of lagochilin and of 3,18-O-isopropyl-idenelagochilin

A method is proposed for the synthesis of lagochilin by the dehydrogenation of lagohirsin and 3,18-O-isopropylidene lagochilin with an activated Raney nickel catalyst, and a method is given for obtaining 3,18-O-isopropylidenelagochilin by ketalization with acetone.Tashkent State University, fax 462472. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 38–40, January–February, 1994.     

Advances in the chemistry of biotin

The review gives methods of synthesizing the biocatalyst biotin. The existing methods of obtaining biotin and its stereoisomers from dihaloalkanes, dicarboxylic acid esters, sugars, thiophene derivatives, etc., are discussed. The basic possibilities of the formation of biotin are considered.All-Union Scientific-Research Vitamin Institute. Translated from Khimiya Pridodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 445–477, July–August, 1980.     

Reduction of 1-alkoxy- and 1-aryloxy-2,2-dichlorocyclopropanes

Conclusions The possibility of obtaining alkyl and aryl cyclopropyl ethers (yields 48–64%) by the reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia of the corresponding 1-alkoxy- and 1-aryloxy-2,2-dichlorocyclopropanes has been shown for the first time.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 413–414, February, 1967.     

Principles of the technology for obtaining cottonseed protein

The principles of obtaining protein isolates with given properties from cottonseed meal are considered.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 188–192, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted October 31, 1994.     

Preparation of a stable injection solution of barvinkan hydrochloride

Summary A method has been developed for obtaining a stable 1% injection solution of barvinkan hydrochloride with the aid of a complex stabilizer.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 601–603, September–October, 1978.     

Kinetic characteristics of catalytic ethylene polymerization

A method is proposed for identifying the catalyst kinematic characteristics employed in the calculation of ethylene polymerization. The method eliminates the risk of obtaining substandard product and significantly decreases the total time required to determine the kinematic constants.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperinental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 239–243, May–June, 1993.     

Synthesis of triacontan-1-ol from dodecanedioic acid

A method has been developed for obtaining triacontan-l-ol — a natural plant growth stimulator. Synthesized triacontan-l-ol has an appreciable influence on the growth and crop yield of tomatoes and on the flowering of asters.A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organometallic Compounds, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 369–370, May–June, 1984.     

Isolation and study of the protease-inhibitor system of wheat grain

Summary A modified method for obtaining a protease and its natural protein inhibitor from the endosperm of wheat grain is proposed. The enzyme is purified by additional precipitation of part of the ballast proteins with ammonium sulfate, and the inhibitor by two successive precipitations of the bulk of the inactive protein with the aid of TCA of different concentrations. The specific activity of the protease increases by a factor of 5–6, and the activity of the inhibitor by a factor of 3–4. Two active isoenzymes of protease have been found in each of the varieties of wheat investigated by disk eletrophoresis.Kazakh Scientific-Research Institute of Agriculture. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 642–645, September–October, 1975.