钪对Al-6.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.0Cu-0.2Ce-0.1Zr合金力学性能的影响

通过进行拉伸实验和低周疲劳实验以及利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行观察与分析,研究了Sc对T6态轧制变形Al-6.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.0Cu-0.2Ce-0.1Zr合金力学性能的影响。拉伸实验结果表明:Al-6.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.0Cu-0.2Ce-0.1Zr-0.2Sc合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂伸长率均高于Al-6.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.0Cu-0.2Ce-0.1Zr合金。低周疲劳实验结果表明:Al-6.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.0Cu-0.2Ce-0.1Zr(-0.2Sc)合金在0.4%～0.8%的外加总应变幅加载下均表现为循环稳定; Al-6.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.0Cu-0.2Ce-0.1Zr(-0.2Sc)合金的塑性应变幅和弹性应变幅与载荷反向周次之间均呈线性关系,并分别服从Coffin-Manson和Basquin公式; Al-6.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.0Cu-0.2Ce-0.1Zr(-0.2Sc)合金的疲劳裂纹均以穿晶方式萌生于疲劳试样的自由表面,并以穿晶方式扩展。     

微量钪对超高强Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了5种不同Sc含量的超高强Al-8．1Zn-2．3Cu-2．05Mg-0．12Zr合金，利用光学显微镜和透射电镜以及扫描电镜分别观察了合金的显微组织与断口形貌，测试分析了合金的拉伸力学性能。结果表明：采用Sc微合金化，凝固过程中形成的初生Al3（Sc，Zr）粒子可显著细化合金铸态晶粒组织，消除枝晶偏析，均匀化过程中形成的次生Al，（Sc，Zr）粒子可抑制合金的再结晶，并强烈钉扎位错及亚结构；微量Sc的添加使合金强度提高26～94MPa，同时保持较高的伸长率，合金拉伸断口表现为层状和韧窝混合型形貌特征，合金中适宜的Sc添加量为0．21％。     

钇对Mg-9Al-1Si合金蠕变抗力和微观组织的影响

研究了Mg-9Al-1Si-xY合金的高温蠕变性能及其微观组织与力学性能的关系。该合金中的主要强化相Mg2Si呈粗大的汉字状，分布在晶界的周围，在受到应力时，这种汉字状相与基体的界面处易产生微裂纹，降低合金的抗拉强度、塑性等力学性能。在Mg-9Al-1Si合金中加入微量的Y以后，合金的组织得到明显的细化，Mg2Si强化相形貌由粗大的汉字状转变为细小、弥散分布的颗粒状。显微组织的改善，使得Mg-9Al-1Si合金的室温和高温力学性能均有一定的提高，并明显改善了Mg-9Al-1Si的抗蠕变性能。     

钕对Mg-5Al-1Si高温蠕变及组织性能的影响

研究了不同Nd含量对Mg-5Al-1Si镁合金的高温蠕变性能影响, 对析出相进行了分析, 研究了微观组织与力学性能的关系. 研究结果表明, 该合金中的主要强化相Mg2Si呈粗大的汉字状, 分布在晶界的周围, 在受到应力时, 这种汉字状相与基体的界面处易产生微裂纹, 降低合金的抗拉强度、塑性等力学性能. 在Mg-5Al-1Si合金中加入微量的Nd以后, 合金的组织得到明显的细化, 并使Mg2Si强化相形貌由粗大的汉字状转变为细小、弥散分布的颗粒状. 由于显微组织的改善, 使得Mg-5Al-1Si镁合金的室温和高温力学性能均有一定的提高, 并明显的改善了Mg-5Al-1Si的抗蠕变性能.     

硼和铈对Cu-Fe-P合金显微组织和性能的影响

Cu-Fe-P系合金是广泛应用的制造集成电路引线框架的材料。本文通过对Cu-0．22Fe-0．06P，Cu-0．22Fe-0．06P-0．05Ce，Cu-0．22Fe-O．06P-0．02B和Cu-0．22Fe-0．06P-0．05Ce-0．02B（％，质量分数）这4种合金的杂质元素含量、显微组织、力学性能和导电率进行测试分析，研究了添加铈和硼对Cu-Fe-P合金纯净度、组织和性能的影响。结果表明，添加微量的铈和硼，一方面具有显著的脱S，Bi，Pb等杂质元素作用；另一方面显著地提高合金的再结晶温度，使合金经冷轧加工＋时效处理后可以获得加工硬化和时效强化的效果，而对导电性的影响微小，从而使合金获得高强度和高导电率的良好结合。     

Sc与Zr对Al-Mg-Mn合金力学性能和剥落腐蚀性能的影响

为了寻找Al-Mg-Mn合金力学性能和耐剥蚀性能的最佳组合,采用对比法探索Sc和Zr对Al-Mg-Mn合金力学性能和剥落腐蚀性能的影响,测定了含与不含微量Sc和Zr的Al-Mg-Mn合金板材在不同退火态的力学性能和剥落腐蚀性能,测量了它们的极化曲线.采用扫描电镜观察了合金的腐蚀微观形貌、用能谱仪分析了腐蚀产物的成分.采用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析了合金的显微组织和力学性能、剥落腐蚀性能之间的关系.结果表明： 添加微量Sc和Zr能显著提高Al-Mg-Mn合金强度,改善合金强度和塑性的配合,而且Sc和Zr的添加没有引起合金耐剥蚀性能的明显下降.经过350 ℃/1 h退火的Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr合金具有优良的力学性能和耐蚀性能组合.可通过添加微量Sc,Zr,减少Mg的含量,选择合理的退火工艺,使该类合金的力学性能和耐剥蚀性能达到理想组合.     

Al-5Mg-Er合金中Al3Er相的析出及其热力学计算分析

通过应用Miedema热力学模型方法对添加了微量Er的Al-5Mg合金中的Er的存在形式进行了初步的分析，并结合XRD，TEM试验进行了验证。微量Er在Al-5Mg合金中主要是以Al3Er的形式存在，并且不会出现元素Mg与Er之间的金属间化合物；同时通过XRD和TEM分析证实，含微量Er（0．1％～0．7％）的Al-5Mg合金中Er是以Al3Er相存在并且弥散分布，讨论了Al3Er相与Al基体之间的取向关系，分析了Al3Er相的存在能够改善Al-5Mg合金材料的机械性能。     

钪对Al—6Mg—Zr合金焊接抗腐蚀的影响

采用中性盐雾试验和剥落腐蚀等方法研究了微量稀土元素Sc对Al—6Mg—Zr合金焊接接头耐蚀性能的影响，并用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察合金焊接接头的微观组织、探讨其腐蚀机理。结果表明，添加了Sc元素后的Al—6Mg—Sc—Zr合金焊接接头比Al—6Mg—Zr合金具有更好的耐蚀性能。研究认为，添加Sc元素能有效地细化晶粒，形成的Al3(Sc，Zr)第二杷能强烈地阻止位错和亚晶界的运动，提高了合金的再结晶温度，从而使合金组织中的β(Mg5Al8，Mg2Al3)沉淀相分布均匀、呈弥散分布，最终使合金的腐蚀敏感性降低。     

锆基非晶质合金在300—500℃空气中之氢化行为研究

本研究探讨锆基块状非晶质材料(Zr-30Cu-10Al-5Ni)在空气中于300-500℃下之氧化行为．结果显示，非晶质合金之腐蚀动力学在300℃表现为直线型规律，350-425℃遵从抛物线型规律且氧化速率随温度上升呈现相对下降的趋势，但500℃时呈现复杂而不规则氧化行为．此外，非晶质合金氧化后生成的氧化物在300℃下皆为正方晶之ZrO2，当温度T≥350℃时，以正方晶结构之ZrO2为主，单斜晶之ZrO2和CuO次之．     

钙对Mg-Gd-Nd-Zr-xCa合金组织和力学性能的影响

镁合金的轻量化优势使其有广阔的应用前景,然而普通镁合金低强度限制了它的应用。镁稀土合金拥有良好的力学性能,在Mg-GdNd-Zr合金的基础上,添加不同量的Ca元素,通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和拉伸性能测试等方法,对Mg-9Gd-2Nd-x Ca-0.5Zr (x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5(%,质量分数))合金热处理前后的组织和性能的变化进行了探究。结果表明：合金组织由α-Mg,Mg₅Gd相和Mg₄₁Nd₅相组织,添加Ca元素后,组织中形成了Mg₂Ca相。铸态合金经过热处理后,晶界上的第二相大部分溶入基体,时效态组织中析出了大量细小的板条状析出相,使合金的力学性能得到提高。时效态Mg-9Gd-2Nd-1Ca-0.5Zr合金有最高的抗拉强度,达到了256 MPa。     

The Effects of a Trace Amount of Manganese and the Homogenization on the Recrystallization of Al–7Mg–0.15Ti Alloys

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of Manganese addition and homogenization treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the Al–7Mg–0.15Ti (B535.0) alloy. The optical microscopy, electrical conductivity measurements, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM + EBSD), as well as Rockwell hardness and tensile tests, were exploited for this purpose. The main objectives are to refine the grain size, inhibit grain growth in the annealed state, and enhance the mechanical strength of the alloy. The results show that the addition of manganese to the Al–7Mg–0.15Ti alloys refined the as-cast and recrystallized grains of the alloys. During the homogenization process, Al₄Mn high-temperature stable dispersoids were precipitated in the aluminum matrix. After annealing, the Al₄Mn particles blocked the movement of grain boundaries during the growth of the recrystallized grains and inhibited grain growth. Consequently, the annealed alloys showed grain refinement and dispersion strengthening. The Al₄Mn dispersoids of the alloys with manganese added were smaller and denser after a two-stage homogenization process compared to those that underwent a one-stage homogenization process. By contrast, for the alloys without the addition of manganese, the recrystallized grains showed normal growth after annealing, and different homogenization processes had no significantly different effects.     

生物材料用Mg-Y-Zn-Zr合金的微观结构及体外降解行为

通过向纯镁中添加微量的合金化元素（Y、Zn和Zr）,采用熔融浇铸法制备了名义成分为Mg1.5Y1.2Zn0.44Zr四元可降解镁合金生物材料,并对其进行了均匀化处理和挤压。 对这3种状态的镁合金进行了微观结构及在模拟体液(SBF)中体外降解行为的测试和分析,结果表明,合金主要由α-Mg基体和Mg12ZnY第二相组成;合金经过挤压后的组织得到了明显的细化;因此挤压后合金的降解性能得到明显改善;合金在模拟体液中生成的降解产物主要是含Ca和Mg的磷酸盐。     

Effects of Ca and Ag addition and heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of Mg-7Sn alloys in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution

The effects of 1 wt.% Ca or 1 wt.% Ca + 1 wt.% Ag addition and heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of Mg-7Sn (wt.%) alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were investigated by electrochemical measurements and immersion tests. The alloys were characterized by optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that all alloys were corroded by pitting corrosion and grain boundary corrosion and further corroded with time going. Loose layers of compounds, including Mg (OH)₂, MgO, SnO₂, and other compounds containing Ca and Ag elements, were calibrated on the surface of corroded Mg-7Sn-1Ca-1Ag alloy. The Ca addition improved the corrosion resistance of Mg-7Sn alloy due to the formation of relatively stable compounds containing calcium element and grains refinement. Furthermore, the solid solutioned alloys obtained a superior corrosion resistance due to the dissolve of eutectic Mg₂Sn phase and homogenization treatment. However, the aging treatment is slightly detrimental to the corrosion resistance of Mg-7Sn alloys with the formation of Mg₂Sn precipitates. In conclusion, the aged Mg-7Sn-1Ca-1Ag alloy exhibited a better corrosion resistance and a noticeable micro-hardness property compared with those of as-cast Mg-7Sn alloy. And this study provides an important idea for the research on the comprehensive properties of Mg-Sn alloys.     

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Al-20%Si Containing Cerium

In this paper the effect of cerium addition in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys was studied. Casting method was used to produce Al-20Si with variation of Ce contents. The sample characterization studied was investigated by Optical Microscope, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray Diffraction. Vickers microhardness and wear test was carried out to study the influence of Ce towards the Al-20Si alloys. The addition of Ce in the Al-20Si alloys refined the Si primary phase as the Ce content increases. The results showed that the addition of 0.46 to 2.24 wt.% of cerium in Al-20Si alloys led to the formation of fine cells dispersed in the Al-matrix. These fine cells consist of a mixture of eutectic Si particles and intermetallic Al3Ce and CeAl1.2Si0.8 phase in Al matrix. The amount of rod- like intermetallic Al3Ce and CeAl1.2Si0.8 phase increases with increasing Ce content. The microhardness of Al-20Si alloys increases with the increase in Ce content. Addition of Ce up to 1.61 wt.% Ce improve the wear properties of Al-20Si alloy.     

含钪、铒的Al-0.8%Mg-0.6%Si合金的低周疲劳行为

对固溶+人工时效(T6)处理的挤压变形Al-0.8%Mg-0.6%Si,Al-0.8%Mg-0.6%Si-0.2%Sc和Al-0.8%Mg-0.6%Si-0.3%Er合金进行了低周疲劳试验,探讨了合金的低周疲劳变形和断裂行为.结果表明,低周疲劳变形期间,含Sc,Er合金可以呈现循环应变硬化、循环应变软化和循环稳定;添加稀土元素Sc可提高合金的循环变形抗力,且含0.2%Sc的合金在疲劳变形期间发生双系滑移;含Sc,Er合金的弹性应变幅和塑性应变幅与断裂时的载荷反向周次的关系可分别用Basquin和Coffin-Manson公式来描述,其中Al-0.8%Mg-0.6%Si-0.2%Sc合金的塑性应变幅与断裂时的载荷反向周次之间呈双线性关系;含Sc,Er合金的疲劳裂纹均是以穿晶方式萌生于试样表面,并以穿晶方式扩展.     

四元Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金的制备及性能研究

用机械合金化法合成了Mg0·9Ti0·1Ni0·9X0·1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金.X射线衍射(XRD)结构分析表明,用X部分替代Ni后,促进了Mg0·9Ti0·1Ni合金的非晶化过程.用Co和Fe部分替代Ni提高了合金的放电容量,但却降低了合金的循环稳定性.用Zn和Mn部分替代Ni提高了合金电极的循环寿命,尤其是Mg0·9Ti0·1Ni0·9Zn0·1合金电极经10个充放电循环后,其放电容量仍可达到313·8mA·h/g.对添加Co后的合金进行p-c-T测试发现,Mg0·9Ti0·1Ni0·9Co0·1合金的吸放氢容量明显比Mg0·9Ti0·1Ni合金高,这与电化学所测到的结果一致.     

Sorption Catalytic Determination of Copper(II) and L-α-alanine on Mg-, Al-Layered Double Hydroxides

Mg-, Al and Mg-, Cu-, Al-layered double hydroxides well-known synthetic hydrotalcite-like sorbents, were used for the first time as carriers for indicators in the sorption catalytic determination of copper(II) and L-α-alanine. Mg-, Al and Mg-, Cu-, Al-layered double hydroxides were synthesized by coprecipitation and characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption of 0.50?mg?L^?1 copper(II) solution by Mg-, Al-layered double hydroxides followed a pseudo-second-order model with an equilibrium sorption capacity of 24.2?×?10^?3?mg?g^?1 (3.8?×?10^?4?mmol g^?1) and a reaction rate constant of 4.2?g mg^?1?min^?1. Mg-, Al-layered double hydroxide tablets were prepared and used for sorption concentration and subsequent sensitive and selective sorption catalytic determination of 5.5?×?10^?3 to 1.0?mg?L^?1 copper(II) at the sorbent phase. The method was used for the analysis of natural water. A method was developed for the determination of α-alanine in Mg-, Cu-, Al-layered double hydroxide tablets with a limit of detection of 4.0?×?10^?3 mol?L^?1. In addition, thin layers of Mg-, Cu-, Al-layered double hydroxide were used to separate α-alanine and determine α-amino acids by thin-layer chromatography.