Classical behaviour of various variables in an open Bose-Hubbard system

Quantum dispersions of various sets of dynamical variables of an open Bose-Hubbard system in a classical limit are studied. To this end, an open system is described in terms of stochastic evolution of its quantum pure states. It is shown that the class of variables that display classical behaviour crucially depends on the type of noise. This is relevant in the mean-field approximation of open Bose-Hubbard dynamics.     

Localization of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices

The dynamics of repulsive bosons condensed in an optical lattice is effectively described by the Bose-Hubbard model. The classical limit of this model, reproduces the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates, in a periodic potential, and in the superfluid regime. Such dynamics is governed by a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Several papers, addressing the study of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger dynamics, have predicted the spontaneous generation of (classical) breathers in coupled condensates. In the present contribute, we shall focus on localized solutions (quantum breathers) of the full Bose-Hubbard model. We will show that solutions exponentially localized in space and periodic in time exist also in absence of randomness. Thus, this kind of states, reproduce a novel quantum localization phenomenon due to the interplay between bounded energy spectrum and non-linearity.     

Alternative routes to equivalent classical models of a quantum system

<正>Coarse-graining of some sort is a fundamental and unavoidable step in any attempt to derive the classical mechanical behavior from the quantum formalism.We utilize the two-mode Bose-Hubbard model to illustrate how different coarse-grained systems can be naturally associated with a fixed quantum system if it is compatible with different dynamical algebras.Alternative coarse-grained systems generate different evolutions of the same physical quantities,and the difference becomes negligible only in the appropriate macro-limit.     

Exact Solution of Two-Site Bose-Hubbard Model with Generic Open Boundaries

The Bose-Hubbard model is a paradigm for the study of strongly correlated bosonic systems. We study the two-site Bose-Hubbard model with generic integrable open boundaries specified by the most general non-diagonal reflecting matrices. Besides the inhomogeneous parameters, the model itself has three free boundary parameters, which break the U(1)-symmetry, in other words, break the particle number conservation. The Hamiltonian H under these circumstances is constructed. With the help of the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz method, we successfully obtain the corresponding Bethe Ansatz equations as well as the eigenvalues.     

Bose-Hubbard phase transition with two- and three-body interaction in a magnetic field

Phase boundaries of classical and quantum phase transitions of two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with two- and three-body on-site interactions in a magnetic field are obtained analytically in a unified theoretical frame. All results illustrate that the introduction of magnetic field enhances the stability of normal state and Mott insulator.     

Semiclassical quantization of the Bogoliubov spectrum

We analyze the Bogoliubov spectrum of the three-site Bose-Hubbard model with a finite number of Bose particles by using a semiclassical approach. The Bogoliubov spectrum is shown to be associated with the low-energy regular component of the classical Hubbard model. We identify the full set of the integrals of motion of this regular component and, quantizing them, obtain the energy levels of the quantum system. The critical values of the energy, above which the regular Bogoliubov spectrum evolves into a chaotic spectrum, is indicated as well.     

One-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with pure three-body interactions

The extended Bose-Hubbard model with pure three-body local interactions is studied using the Density Matrix Renormalization Group approach. The shapes of the first two insulating lobes are discussed, and the values of the critical tunneling for which the system undergoes the quantum phase transition from insulating to superfluid phase are predicted. It is shown that stability of insulating phases, in contrast to the standard Bose-Hubbard model, is enhanced for larger fillings. It is also shown that, on the tip of the boundary of the insulating phase, the model under consideration belongs to the Berenzinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class.     

Low-acceleration instability of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice

We study a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional accelerated optical lattice using the mean-field version of the Bose-Hubbard model. Reminiscent of recent experiments [M. Cristiani et al., Opt. Express 12, 4 (2004)], we find a new type of an instability in this system that occurs in the limit when the acceleration is small.     

Artificial gauge fields for the Bose-Hubbard model on a checkerboard superlattice and extended Bose-Hubbard model

We study the effects of an artificial gauge field on the ground-state phases of the Bose-Hubbard model on a checkerboard superlattice in two dimensions, including the superfluid phase and the Mott and alternating Mott insulators. First, we discuss the single-particle Hofstadter problem, and show that the presence of a checkerboard superlattice gives rise to a magnetic flux-independent energy gap in the excitation spectrum. Then, we consider the many-particle problem, and derive an analytical mean-field expression for the superfluid-Mott and superfluid-alternating-Mott insulator phase transition boundaries. Finally, since the phase diagram of the Bose-Hubbard model on a checkerboard superlattice is in many ways similar to that of the extended Bose-Hubbard model, we comment on the effects of magnetic field on the latter model, and derive an analytical mean-field expression for the superfluid-insulator phase transition boundaries as well.     

Decay of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a dissipative lattice – the mean-field approximation and beyond

The dynamical evolution of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an open optical lattice is studied. Based on the Bose-Hubbard model we rederive the mean-field limit for the case of an environmental coupling including dissipation and phase-noise. Moreover, we include the next order correlation functions to investigate the dynamical behavior beyond mean field. We observe that particle loss can lead to surprising dynamics, as it can suppress decay and at the same time restore the coherence of the condensate. These behavior can be used to engineer the evolution, e.g. in the form of a stochastic resonance-like response, to inhibit tunneling or to create stable nonlinear structures of the condensate.     

Quench dynamics and nonequilibrium phase diagram of the bose-hubbard model

We investigate the time evolution of correlations in the Bose-Hubbard model following a quench from the superfluid to the Mott insulator. For large values of the final interaction strength the system approaches a distinctly nonequilibrium steady state that bears strong memory of the initial conditions. In contrast, when the final interaction strength is comparable to the hopping, the correlations are rather well approximated by those at thermal equilibrium. The existence of two distinct nonequilibrium regimes is surprising given the nonintegrability of the Bose-Hubbard model. We relate this phenomenon to the role of quasiparticle interactions in the Mott insulator.     

Quantum breathers in a finite Heisenberg spin chain with antisymmetric interactions

A study of the likelihood of quantum breathers in a quantum Heisenberg spin system including a Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction (DMI) is done through an extended Bose-Hubbard model while using the scheme of few body physics. The energy spectrum of the resulting Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, on a periodic one-dimensional lattice containing more than two quanta shows interesting detailed band structures. From a non degenerate, and a degenerate perturbation theory in addition to a numerical diagonalization, a careful investigation of these fine structures is set up. The attention is focussed on the effects of various interactions that are; the DMI, the Heisenberg in-plane (X, Y) as well as the out of plane exchange interaction on the energy spectrum of such a system. The outcome displays a possibility of an energy self-compensation in the system. We also computed the weight function of the eigenstates in direct space and in the space of normal modes. From a perturbation theory it is shown that the interaction between the quanta leads to an algebraic localization of the modified extended states in the normal-mode space of the non-interacting system that are coined quantum q-breathers excitations.     

Analysis of dynamical properties for the two-site Bose Hubbard model with an algebraic method

In this work, we propose an algebraic recursion method to study the dynamical evolution of the two-site Bose- Hubbard model. We analyze its properties from the viewpoints of single partite purity, energy, and trace distance, in which the model is considered as a typical bipartite system. The analytical expressions for the quantities are derived. We show that the purity can well reflect the transition between different regimes for the system. In addition, we demonstrate that the transition from the delocalization regime to the self-trapping regime with the ratio r/increasing not only happens for an initially local state but also for any initial states. Furthermore, we confirm that the dynamics of the system presents a periodicity for η = 0 and the period is tc =π/2J when the initial state is symmetric.     

Polariton dynamics of a disordered three-cavity system of four-level atoms

The effect of disorder in the intensity of the driving laser on the dynamics of a disordered three-cavity system of four-level atoms is investigated. This system can be described by a Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian for dark-state polaritons. We examine the evolution of the first- and second-order correlation functions, the photon and atomic excitation numbers and the basis state occupation probabilities. We use the full Hamiltonian and the approximate Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian with uniform and speckle disorder, as well as with different dipole couplings. We find that the results for the two Hamiltonians are in good agreement. We also find that it is possible to obtain bunching and antibunching of the polaritons by varying the dipole couplings and that polaritons can be driven into a purely photonic state by varying the laser intensity.     

Detection of avoided crossings by fidelity

The fidelity, defined as overlap of eigenstates of two slightly different Hamiltonians, is proposed as an efficient detector of avoided crossings in the energy spectrum. This new application of fidelity is motivated for model systems, and its value for analyzing complex quantum spectra is underlined by applying it to a random matrix model and a tilted Bose-Hubbard system.     

Quantum-State Dynamics as Linear Representation of Classical (Nonlinear) Stochastic Dynamics

We show that the basic equation of the theory of open systems, the Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad equation, as well as its linear and nonlinear generalizations have a natural classical probabilistic interpretation – within the framework of prequantum classical statistical field theory. The latter gives an example of the classical probabilistic model (with random fields as subquantum variables) reproducing the basic probabilistic predictions of quantum mechanics.     

Melting of discrete vortices via quantum fluctuations

We consider nonlinear boson states with a nontrivial phase structure in the three-site Bose-Hubbard ring, quantum discrete vortices (or q vortices), and study their "melting" under the action of quantum fluctuations. We calculate the spatial correlations in the ground states to show the superfluid-insulator crossover and analyze the fidelity between the exact and variational ground states to explore the validity of the classical analysis. We examine the phase coherence and the effect of quantum fluctuations on q vortices and reveal that the breakdown of these coherent structures through quantum fluctuations accompanies the superfluid-insulator crossover.     

Off-site trimer superfluid on a one-dimensional optical lattice

The Bose-Hubbard model with an effective off-site three-body tunneling,characterized by jumps towards one another,between one atom on a site and a pair atoms on the neighborhood site,is studied systematically on a one-dimensional(1D) lattice,by using the density matrix renormalization group method.The off-site trimer superfluid,condensing at momentum k = 0,emerges in the softcore Bose-Hubbard model but it disappears in the hardcore Bose-Hubbard model.Our results numerically verify that the off-site trimer superfluid phase derived in the momentum space from[Phys.Rev.A81,011601(R)(2010)]is stable in the thermodynamic limit.The off-site trimer superfluid phase,the partially off-site trimer superfluid phase and the Mott insulator phase are found,as well as interesting phase transitions,such as the continuous or first-order phase transition from the trimer superfluid phase to the Mott insulator phase.Our results are helpful in realizing this novel off-site trimer superfluid phase by cold atom experiments.     

Mean-field dynamics of a non-Hermitian Bose-Hubbard dimer

We investigate an N-particle Bose-Hubbard dimer with an additional effective decay term in one of the sites. A mean-field approximation for this non-Hermitian many-particle system is derived, based on a coherent state approximation. The resulting nonlinear, non-Hermitian two-level dynamics, in particular, the fixed point structures showing characteristic modifications of the self-trapping transition, are analyzed. The mean-field dynamics is found to be in reasonable agreement with the full many-particle evolution.     

Condensate fraction in a 2D Bose gas measured across the Mott-insulator transition

We realize a single-band 2D Bose-Hubbard system with Rb atoms in an optical lattice and measure the condensate fraction as a function of lattice depth, crossing from the superfluid to the Mott-insulating phase. We quantitatively identify the location of the superfluid to normal transition by observing when the condensed fraction vanishes. Our measurement agrees with recent quantum Monte Carlo calculations for a finite-sized 2D system to within experimental uncertainty.