Antiglycation,antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Uvaria chamae root and essential oil composition

Abstract

Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae), is an essential oil bearing plant; the root is acclaimed as an effective remedy for folkloric diabetic therapy. The root extracts were evaluated for composition, antiglycation, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity. Flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and tannins were relatively high in the alcohol extract; benzyl benzoate (23.3%), dimethoxy-p-cymene (14.2%), τ-cadinol (12.1%), and methyl thymol (8.7%) predominated the constituents identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The ethanol extract demonstrated significant antiglycation activity (IC₅₀, 1.12?mg/mL), and cytotoxicity to brine shrimp (LC₅₀, 25.01?µg/mL). The extract (IC₅₀, 8.0?µg/mL; absorbance 0.531, 100?µg/mL) also exhibited better antioxidant effects compared with the essential oil (IC₅₀, 50.0?µg/mL; absorbance 0.292, 100?µg/mL) using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and ferric reducing power assays respectively. U. chamae root possess antiglycation effect, and may also reduce oxidative stress in patients with diabetes; its antiglycation effect, oil composition, and cytotoxicity are reported for the first time.

     

The natural phenolic compounds and their antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of herb Leiotulus dasyanthus (K. Koch) Pimenov & Ostr.

Abstract

The presented work reports anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of extracts, fractions from aerial parts, fruits, flowers, roots and isolated compounds of roots from Leiotulus dasyanthus (bergapten, pimpinellin, umbelliferone, quercetin, rutin and kaempferol). Phenolic contents, antioxidant activities of samples were carried out by Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH, TBA methods. Anticholinesterase activity was evaluated by Ellman’s method. The highest and lowest total phenolic content were detected in root MeOH extract (88.6?mg GAE g^?1 DW) and aerial part (51.83?mg GAE g^?1 DW), respectively. The highest antioxidant activity among isolated secondary metabolites got coumarins umbelliferone, bergapten and pimpinellin. Pimpinellin (66.55%) and umbelliferone (61.09%) demonstrated strong inhibition towards acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively. Dichloromethane fraction of root demonstrated significant inhibition against AChE (49.66%) and BuChE (92.21%) at 20 µg/mL. Dichloromethane fractions of roots had a notableness antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. The further studies on roots will be important for development use of this plant for pharmaceutical and food research needs.

     

α-Tetralone glycosides from the green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. and their cytotoxic activities

Abstract

Five new α-tetralone glycosides, juglanbiosides A-E (1–5), together with an α-tetralone derivative (15) and nine known 1,4-naphthoquinones (6–14) were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods (¹H, ¹³C NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, CD, HR-ESI-MS). In vitro cytotoxicities of all the isolated compounds were evaluated against BGC-823, HCT-15 and K562 cancer cell lines.

     

Isolation and characterization of flavonoids from the roots of medicinal plant Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H.Ohashi

Abstract

Three flavonoid compounds were isolated from the roots of medicinal plant Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H.Ohashi, also known as Desmodium triquetrum (Fabaceae). On the basis of the chemical and spectral analysis, the compounds were identified as baicalein (Flavone), naringin and neohesperidin (Flavonone). To the best of our knowledge and based on the literature survey all three compounds were first time reported from this medicinal plant.

     

Prenylated isoflavones with potential antiproliferative activities from Mappianthus iodoides

Abstract

A phytochemical investigation on the stems of Mappianthus iodoides led to the isolation of a new naturally occurring prenylated isoflavone, mappianthone A (1), together with seven known analogues (2?8). The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparison with data reported in the literature. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against five human cancer cell lines: HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480 in vitro. Compounds 1?8 showed significant antiproliferative effects against several human cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.16 to 12.68?μM.

     

Quassinoids from seeds of Brucea Javanica and their anticomplement activities

Abstract

An investigation on seeds of Brucea javanica led to the acquisition of a new quassinoid, 20-hydroxyyadanzigan (1), along with five known quassinoids (2–6). The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis. All of the compounds were assayed for their anticomplement activities through classical and alternative pathways. Compounds 1–6 exhibited potent anticomplement activity with CH₅₀ and AP₅₀ values of 0.032–0.075?mg/mL and 0.061–0.118?mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the structure-activity relationships of these compounds are discussed.

     

Protective effect of Epicatechin on APAP-induced acute liver injury of mice through anti-inflammation and apoptosis inhibition

Abstract

Epicatechin (EC) is the most effective compound in Euonymus alatus (Thunb.)Sieb, and possesses a series of benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiobesity and anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of EC in Acetaminophen(N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP)-induced acute liver injury in C57BL/6J mice and explored the possible mechanisms involved in these effects.

     

Microbial transformation of isocoronarin D by Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL 1386

The diterpene isocoronarin D (1) is a bioactive major constituent of labdane diterpene from the aerial parts of Curcuma comosa Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), the Thai medicinal plant. Microbial transformation of 1 was performed by the fungus Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL 1386 to yield three new metabolites, 3β-hydroxyisocoronarin D (2), 6α-hydroxyisocoronarin D (3) and 3β,7α-dihydroxyisocoronarin D (4). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques.

     

A new source of oxygenated monoterpenes with phytotoxic activity: essential oil of Cuminum Cyminum L. from Iran

Abstract

Chemical constitutes and phytotoxic activity of Cuminum cymiunm L. is investigated in the present study. For this means seeds of C. cyminum L. was harvested from Ilkhchi of Iran. The major components of essential oil (EO) with more than 94% were 3-caren-10-al, cuminal, 2-Caren-10-al, γ-Terpinene, (-)-β-Pinene and p-Cymene. This study found that cumin EO displayed meaningful inhibitory impacts on germination indices and the growth of the seedlings of Amaranthus retroflexus, Lactuca sativa, and Acroptilon repens. The germination indices showed severely concentration-dependent responses. In the case of A. retroflexus and L. sativa germination indices were controlled in the 500?ppm and in the A. repens were inhibited in the 1500?ppm of EO concentration. Overall, this study suggests that EO derived from C. cyminum L. looks to be a promising candidate for its utilization as a natural herbicide in large scale.     

A immunosuppressive triterpenoid saponin from the stems of Epigynum griffithianum

Abstract

Chemical investigation of the stems of Epigunum griffithianum led to the isolation and identification of a new triterpenoid saponin (1) and two known compounds (epigynosides A (2) and B (3)). These structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, MS, UV, IR) as well as comparison with the reported data. Compound 1 was evaluated in vitro for the immunosuppressive activities on proliferation of mice splenocyte and displayed significant immunosuppressive activities compared to the positive control (dexamethasone) with the concentration at 25?μM.     

In vitro and in silico study of Aloe vera leaf extract against human breast cancer

Abstract

Aloe vera leaf contains some bioactive compounds that have a strong binding affinity toward estrogen receptor as compared to standard drug tamoxifen. In this study, we have found that the IC₅₀ of Aloe vera leaf extract against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) is 23?µg/mL which is much lower than the IC₅₀ (332?µg/mL) of Aloe vera leaf extract against non-cancerous cell line (NIH-3T3). We have also calculated the total concentration of phenolic acid (385.662?µg/mL), flavonoids (160.402?µg/mL) and alkaloids (276.754?µg/mL) in Aloe vera leaf extract. The free radical scavenging activity of Aloe vera leaf extract is 67% to 89% (at 50 to 300?µg/ml). Our virtual molecular docking study suggests that bioactive compounds like Aloe-emodin (?8.8?Kcal/mol), 7-hydroxy-2,5 dimethylchromone (?7.5?Kcal/mol), Beta-sitosterol (?7.3?Kcal/mol) etc. have a greater binding affinity toward estrogen alpha receptor as compared to standard drug Tamoxifen (?6.4?Kcal/mol).

     

Chemical composition of essential oils from different parts of Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand and their in vitro antibacterial activity

Abstract

In Brazilian folk medicine, Protium heptaphyllum is used to treat inflammatory conditions and to hasten wound repair. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and the in vitro antibacterial effects of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from P. heptaphyllum leaves and ripe and unripe fruits against a representative panel of oral pathogens. The GC-FID and GC-MS analysis revealed that the major components determined in P. heptaphyllum essential oils were myrcene (59.0%), β-elemene (17.2%), limonene (12.9%), spathulenol (12.6%), α-cubebene (11.6%), germacrene D (10.6%), trans-nerolidol (9.8%), and α-cadinol (8.8%). The essential oils of the ripe and unripe fruits showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the anaerobic bacteria Prevotella nigrescens (MIC?=?50?µg/mL). The leaf essential oil displayed very promising activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC?=?50?µg/mL) and Streptococcus mitis (MIC?=?62.5?µg/mL). The antibacterial activity of EOs against oral pathogens is also described for the first time.

     

Two new triterpenoids from Gardenia jasminoides fruits

A new cycloartane triterpenoid, named gardenolic acid C (1), a new ursane triterpenoid, named 3β,16β,21β,23,24-pentahydroxy urs-12,18,20-trien-28-oic acid γ-lactone (2), together with three know triterpenoids, gardenolic acid A (3), gardenolic acid B (4), and 3α,16β,23,24-tetrahydroxy-28-nor-ursane-12,17,19,21-tetraen (5) were isolated from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analyses of spectroscopic data. All isolates were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects in vitro.

     

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Senecio nutans,Senecio viridis,Tagetes terniflora and Aloysia gratissima against toxigenic Aspergillus and Fusarium species

Abstract

Essential oils from aerial parts of Senecio nutans, Senecio viridis, Tagetes terniflora and Aloysia gratissima were analysed by GC-MS and their antifungal activities were assayed on toxigenic Fusarium and Aspergillus species. Sabinene (27.6?±?0.1%), α-phellandrene (15.7?±?0.3%), o-cymene (9.6?±?0.2%) and β-pinene (6.1?±?0.2%) in S. nutans, 9,10-dehydrofukinone (92.7?±?0.2%) in S. viridis, β-thujone (36.1?±?0.1%), α-thujone (32.2?±?0.2%), 1,8-cineol (10.7?±?0.1%) and sabinene (6.2?±?0.2%) in A. gratissima, and cis-tagetone (33.6?±?0.2%), cis-β-ocimene (17.1?±?0.2%), trans-tagetone (17.0?±?0.1%), cis-ocimenone (8.0?±?0.2%) and trans-ocimenone (8.2?±?0.1%) in T. terniflora. The oils showed moderate antifungal activity (1.2?mg/mL?>?MIC >0.6?mg/mL) on the Fusarium species and a weak effect on Aspergillus species. The antifungal activity was associated on F. verticillioides to the high content of cis-tagetone, trans-tagetone, cis-β-ocimene, cis-ocimenone, trans-ocimenone and on F. graminearum due to the total content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and 9,10- dehydrofukinone. The oil of S. viridis synergized the effect of fungicides and food preservatives on F. verticillioides.

     

A new 5α,8α-epidioxysterol with immunosuppressive activity from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia sp.

Abstract

A new 5α,8α-epidioxysterol, namely yalongsterol A (1), along with two known related steroids 5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,24(28)-dien-3β-ol (2) and (22E,24S)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (3), were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia sp. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparisons of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. In bioassay, compounds 1–3 showed moderate immunosuppressive activities against T and/or B lymphocyte cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 19.30 to 59.49 μM, and low cytotoxicity on murine splenocytes with CC₅₀ values ranging from 40.88 to 62.29 μM.

     

Phytochemical variations among four distinct varieties of Indian cardamom Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton

Abstract

Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton prestigiously called as Indian cardamom and is mostly cultivated in south India at higher altitudes ranging from 900 to 1400 msl. The chemical composition of dry capsules essential oil of the four distinct varieties was chemo-profiled by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results revealed a higher concentration of major monoterpene 1, 8-Cineole ranging between 28.94% and 34.91% in PV 1 and PV 2 varieties respectively. Other monoterpenes like α-Pinene, Sabinene, Linalool, α-Terpineol and Nerol were present considerable quantities in all of the four cardamom varieties. Two sesquiterpenic constituents namely, ç-Elemene and 1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol (Nerolidol) were identified in all varieties. Three ester constituents were also obtained in PV 1 in which α-Terpinyl acetate (26.68%) exhibited as a major ester constituent followed by Ocimenyl acetate (0.80%) and E5-Dodecenyl acetate (0.30%). This is the first published report on the phytochemical concentration of recent varieties of Indian cardamom.

     

Myristigranol,a new diarylpropane derivative from the wood of Myristica fragrans

Myristigranol, a new diarylpropane derivative, was isolated from the methanol extract of Myristica fragrans wood along with one diarylpropanoid and three stilbenoids. The isolated constituents were exhaustingly identified using the analyses of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and comparison of the literatures reported as well. The antioxidant activity was also determined.

     

Identification and characterization of a novel gene-encoded antioxidant peptide obtained from amphibian skin secretions

Abstract

Amphibian skin is known to secrete gene-encoded antioxidant peptides of small molecular weight, which play important roles in host defense. However, recognition of such peptides is still in its infancy. Here, we discovered a novel gene-encoded antioxidant peptide (named OM-GF17) from skin secretions of amphibian species, Odorrana margaretae. Produced by the post-translational processing of a 61-residue prepropeptide, the amino acid sequence of OM-GF17 was 'GFFKWHPRCGEEHSMWT', with a molecular mass of 2135.7?Da. Functional analysis revealed that OM-GF17 scavenged ABTS⁺, DPPH, NO and decreased iron oxidation. Our results also implied that five amino acid residues, including Cys, Pro, Met, Trp, and Phe, be related to the antioxidant activity of OM-GF17. Furthermore, OM-GF17 did not exhibit direct microbe-killing activity. This novel gene-encoded antioxidant peptide could help in the development of new antioxidant agents and increase our understanding of the biological functions of amphibian skin.      

α-Mangostin exhibits antidepressant-like effects mediated by the modification of GABAergic,serotonergic and dopaminergic systems

Abstract

The present study explored the antidepressant-like activity of α-mangostin (α-MG) and the possible mechanism in this process in the tail suspension test (TST) in mice. The results revealed that α-MG (5?mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited markedly antidepressant-like activity, which could be reversed by pretreatment with haloperidol (a non-selective D₂ receptor antagonist), bicuculline (a competitive GABA antagonist), p-chlorophenylalanine (an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis). Meanwhile, α-MG also effectively increased the brain DA, 5-HT and GABA levels in mice exposed to TST, indicating that the antidepressant-like effect of α-MG might be mediated by the GABAergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic systems.

     

Chemical composition,UV/vis absorptivity,and antioxidant activity of essential oils from bark and leaf of phoebe zhennan S. K. Lee & F. N. Wei

Abstract

The chemical composition of essential oils (EO) from bark and leaf of P. zhennan was identified by GC-MS. The compounds of α-calacorene, τ-cadinol, β-eudesmol and d-cadinene were found in the essential oils from both bark and leaf. The UV-Vis spectra results indicated the EO could completely absorbed the UV light at the wavelength range of 200-370?nm, revealing that EO had great potential as additives for manufacturing UV light blocking products. The radical DPPH scavenging activity assay showed that both the bark and leaf EO possessed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity of 90.25% and 82.10% respectively, which provides an important theoretical guiding in exploiting the value of P. zhennan bark and leaf.