介电限域效应对SnO_2纳米微粒光学特性的影响

半导体纳米微粒作为一种新兴材料，在声、光、电、磁、热及催化等方面显示出全新的异于体相材料和分子或原子的特性，在理论和实验上已引起。们极大的兴趣I‘，’］．当纳米微粒的尺寸接近或小于激于玻尔半径时，表现出明显的量子尺寸效应，其表现光学能隙变大，一些半导体粒子如CdS，Cdse等纳米微粒的量予尺寸效应已经被人们利用有效质量近似模型做了定性解释。八但是，由于纳米微粒尺寸小，具有相对大的表面积，因而粒子周围的介质可以强烈地影响它们的光学性质【’，‘1．我们采用胶体化学方法，对SnO。阶电常数为13）半导体纳米微粒…     

原子数精确的金属纳米团簇在电催化领域的应用研究进展

金属纳米团簇(MNCs)是由几个到数百个金属原子组成,其尺寸一般小于2nm.金属纳米团簇在许多催化反应中表现出高的催化活性和选择性,这与金属纳米团簇具有高的比表面积、较多暴露的活性原子,以及与金属纳米粒子(MNPs)不同的电子结构有关.金属纳米团簇确定的组成和结构使其成为一种新型模型催化剂,对纳米团簇的催化性能研究有利...     

超顺磁/荧光双功能纳米粒子的合成、表征和生物功能化

通过反相微乳液聚合, 在热解法合成的MnFe2O4纳米粒子表面修饰了一层掺杂有荧光染料(联吡啶钌)的SiO2, 制备了同时具有超顺磁性和荧光特性的双功能纳米粒子. 再通过氨基硅烷的修饰作用, 将该双功能纳米粒子与万古霉素结合, 所得到的生物功能化的纳米粒子表现出很好的对大肠杆菌的识别和磁性分离能力. 本研究制备的超顺磁/荧光双功能纳米粒子具有磁性强、光稳定性高、制备简单、分散性好和尺寸均匀等优点, 可以推断这种新型纳米粒子在生物学、医学和分析化学等领域中将有广阔的应用前景.     

原子层沉积法制备限域型Pt基催化剂及其苯酚催化性能

选择合适的载体负载贵金属Pt纳米粒子,对于制备高效的苯酚加氢催化剂具有重要意义。使用原子层沉积技术,以碳纳米纤维作为模板,在其表面依次沉积Pt纳米粒子,厚的氧化钛壳层,通过高温烧结除去模板,得到限域在氧化钛纳米管内壁的Pt纳米粒子。在500℃烧结温度下Pt纳米粒子的粒径在2.0～3.2 nm之间,平均粒径为2.6 nm,尺寸高度一致,均匀地分散并且嵌入到氧化钛纳米管的中空管道内壁。与常规负载在氧化钛纳米管外壁的Pt纳米粒子相比,该限域催化剂的催化转化率更高,在500℃烧结温度下转化频率(TOF)值为482.1 h^-1,表现出更好的催化活性,而且由于氧化钛纳米管的保护作用,可有效防止Pt纳米粒子在反应过程中的聚集和脱落,在反应后Pt的质量分数仅降低了4.52%,其形貌也没有发生明显改变,从而表现出优异的催化稳定性。     

温和条件下制备形貌可控的羟基磷灰石

在温和条件下采用简单的实验方法成功制备出不同结构和形貌的羟基磷灰石(HAP)纳米粒子。采用沉淀-水解两步法,以PEG和PVP为表面活性剂,在沉淀步骤制备出前驱体CaHPO₄粒子,然后在100℃、常压条件下水解获得高结晶度的HAP纳米棒。采用PEG制备的纳米棒形貌均匀、纵横比高;采用PVP制备的纳米棒尺寸范围较宽且尺寸较小。直接采用一步沉淀法也能够成功制备出HAP纳米粒子。采用PEG制备出麦穗状的纳米粒子;采用PVP制备出尺寸小的纳米棒和纳米粒子混合物。HAP纳米晶的结构和形貌因制备条件不同发生很大变化,故而控制其合成,有望用于生物医药领域。     

温和条件下制备形貌可控的羟基磷灰石（英文）

在温和条件下采用简单的实验方法成功制备出不同结构和形貌的羟基磷灰石(HAP)纳米粒子。采用沉淀-水解两步法,以PEG和PVP为表面活性剂,在沉淀步骤制备出前驱体CaHPO_4粒子,然后在100℃、常压条件下水解获得高结晶度的HAP纳米棒。采用PEG制备的纳米棒形貌均匀、纵横比高;采用PVP制备的纳米棒尺寸范围较宽且尺寸较小。直接采用一步沉淀法也能够成功制备出HAP纳米粒子。采用PEG制备出麦穗状的纳米粒子;采用PVP制备出尺寸小的纳米棒和纳米粒子混合物。HAP纳米晶的结构和形貌因制备条件不同发生很大变化,故而控制其合成,有望用于生物医药领域。     

金属纳米粒子/聚合物体系的稳定性及其机理

金属纳米粒子由于其小的尺寸和大的比表面积等特点,使其具有独特的热性能、电性能、磁性能和光性能,以及很强的团聚趋势。因此金属纳米粒子是否被稳定在纳米尺度内,是它们能否表现出独特性能的关键。本文综述了非离子聚合物、聚电解质、两亲聚合物、双亲水聚合物、树状聚合物对金属纳米粒子的稳定作用及其稳定机理的研究进展。     

金属纳米粒子/聚合物体系的稳定性及其机理

金属纳米粒子由于其小的尺寸和大的比表面积等特点,使其具有独特的热性能、电性能、磁性能和光性能,以及很强的团聚趋势。因此金属纳米粒子是否被稳定在纳米尺度内,是它们能否表现出独特性能的关键。本文综述了非离子聚合物、聚电解质、两亲聚合物、双亲水聚合物、树状聚合物对金属纳米粒子的稳定作用及其稳定机理的研究进展。     

铱单原子和纳米粒子在N2O分解反应中的协同催化

原子捕获法是在高温条件下制备高热稳定单原子催化剂的有效方法之一. 但该方法制备的单原子催化剂通常面临着催化活性低、 反应适用范围窄的问题. 因此, 拓展这类单原子催化剂的应用是亟待解决的难点. 本文采用高温捕获法制备的铱(Ir)单原子催化剂在氮氧化物分解反应中的催化活性较低, 但是在继续负载纳米粒子后, 单原子与纳米粒子之间表现出显著的协同催化作用. X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和CO吸附的原位漫反射红外光谱(CO-DRIFTs)表征结合反应动力学分析揭示了反应的活性中心是金属态的Ir纳米粒子. 虽然氧化态的Ir单原子不能直接活化N₂O分子, 但是可以改变Ir纳米粒子的电子结构和吸附性能. 氧气程序升温脱附(O₂-TPD)实验证实, 单原子的存在可以促进O₂从Ir纳米粒子上脱附, 从而提高催化剂的反应活性.     

金属纳米粒子/聚合物体系的稳定性及其机理

金属纳米粒子由于其小的尺寸和大的比表面积等特点,使其具有独特的热性能、电性能、磁性能和光性能,以及很强的团聚趋势.因此金属纳米粒子是否被稳定在纳米尺度内,是它们能否表现出独特性能的关键.本文综述了非离子聚合物、聚电解质、两亲聚合物、双亲水聚合物、树状聚合物对金属纳米粒子的稳定作用及其稳定机理的研究进展.     

片状卤化银晶体的制备、结构与性能的研究——Ⅱ.pAg对片状颗粒的尺寸、纵横比、碘离子分布及离子电导率的影响

本文研究了双注法制备片状卤化银微晶时,pAg值对所形成的卤化银片状颗粒的尺寸、纵横此、碘离子分布以及离子电导率的影响。随着pAg值的升高,片状颗粒的尺寸和纵横比都相应地增大和升高,且越来越多的碘离子从颗粒中心向外层迁移,直至到达表层,这说明存在晶体的重结晶过程。表面层的溴碘原子比是用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)测定的,并测量了不同pAg值下制备的不同尺寸的片状卤化银乳剂的介电损耗频谱。其结果表明,片状颗粒的尺寸影响其离子电导率,表层碘含量的影响不明显。     

Synthesis and characterization of CdS nanoparticles prepared by precipitation in the presence of span 20 as surfactant

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles with average size of ≈16 nm have been synthesized using chemical precipitation reaction of CdCl₂ and Na₂S in the presence of nonionic surfactant stabilized reverse emulsions. Sorbian monolaurate (Span 20) is used for the stabilization of emulsions. The influence of Span 20 on controlling the size and properties of CdS nanoparticles were studied. The obtained CdS nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical properties of CdS nanoparticles are investigated systematically by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The blue shift in the absorption region and increase in the bandgap to the larger value (2.77 eV) are attributed to the nanosize of the obtained particles.     

Study of emulsion polymerization stabilized by amphiphilic polymer nanoparticles

Submicron-sized polystyrene (PS) microspheres with a relatively narrow particle size distribution can be easily produced through emulsion polymerization induced by γ-ray at room temperature using a new type of amphiphilic cross-linked poly(stearyl methacrylate-co-acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) particles as stabilizer. The properties of these amphiphilic particles were described, including morphology, size, ζ potential, and contact angles. The effect of the pH value and the content of amphiphilic particles on the formation and stability of emulsions were also investigated. Meanwhile, the obtained PS microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, through observing the morphology and size of emulsion droplets at different times under an optical microscope, we found it is interesting that Pickering emulsions formed initially disappeared gradually, which is different from the common Pickering emulsions stabilized by inorganic particles. Thus, the mechanism was further discussed.     

敏感性有序大孔水凝胶的模板合成与表征

多孔材料由于孔道相互连通、比表面积大等特性而在吸附、离子交换,特别是在催化等领域中具有广泛应用价值．当孔道均匀且有序排列时,如果其间距与可见光波长相匹配时,则可对光产生调制作用,得到光子带隙材料,在未来的信息处理等方面将发挥重要作用．目前,人们以单分散的微粒有序排列的胶体晶为模板制备了各种有序大孔材料,     

Blue-emitting ZnO sol and film obtained by sol-gel process

In this paper, bright blue-emitting ZnO sol and film were prepared by sol-gel process and the luminescent properties were investigated. The absorption spectrum of the sol consists of a wide band with two steps in the long wavelength region. The sol and film show a single wide blue-emission band under excitation of UV light, while the excitation spectra are composed by multiple bands. The quantum yield of the ZnO sol is 0.52 when the excitation wavelength is 348 nm. The particle size of the film is smaller than 10 nm, which results in the fine structure of the absorption and excitation spectra.     

Preparation of poly(vinyl chloride) latexes by polymerization of stabilized monomer droplets

Poly(vinyl chloride) latexes have been prepared by polymerization in micron and submicron sized monomer droplets. Monomer emulsions with excellent long time stability were obtained by diffusional swelling of vinyl chloride monomer into preformed, stable polydisperse pre-emulsions of water-insoluble oils or monodisperse, oligomer styrene seed particles. It was found that the size and size distribution of the final latex particles were determined by those of the parent monomer emulsions. Except for the secondary particles formed during polymerization, the size and size distributions of the latex particles were found to be com-parable to those of the monomer emulsions employed, indicating a complete nucleation of the parent emulsion droplets. The extent of secondary particle formation was found to be very dependent upon the emulsifier concentration as well as on the type and amount of initiator used. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

SiO2 /Au核壳结构纳米粒子的制备及表征

通过以金纳米粒子为表面晶种和壳生长的方法制备了金纳米壳包覆二氧化硅的复合纳米粒子。采用TEM 和UV-Vis对复合粒子进行了表征和研究，结果表明所得到的复合粒子粒径均匀、金纳米壳光滑完整，且壳厚度可通过反应物的用量来控制。当核半径与壳厚度之比在4到13之间变化时,复合粒子的光学共振峰在可见光区到近红外光区范围内可发生大于500 nm波长的移动。     

The influence of laser wavelength and fluence on palladium nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation in deionized water

Homogeneous spherical palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of a solid Pd foil target submerged in deionized water, without the addition of any external chemical surfactant. The influence of laser wavelength (355, 532, and 1064 nm) and fluence (8.92, 12.74, and 19.90 J/cm²) on nucleation, growth, and aggregation of Pd nanoparticles were systematically studied. Microstructural and optical properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied by field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopy. FETEM micrographs indicate that the average nanocrystallite sizes are relatively low (3–6 nm) and homogeneous for the particles synthesized at the laser wavelengths of 355 and 532 nm. However, at a laser wavelength of 1064 nm, the average nanocrystallite size is relatively large and inhomogeneous in nature. Moreover, we observe that the mean diameter and production rate of particles increases with an increase in laser fluence. The selected area electron diffraction patterns obtained from isolated Pd nanoparticles show the characteristic diffused electron diffraction rings of polycrystalline materials with a face-centered cubic structure. Absorbance spectrum of the synthesized nanoparticle solution shows a broad absorption band, which corresponds to a typical inter-band transition of a metallic system, indicating the production of pure palladium nanoparticles. The present work provides new insights into the effect of laser wavelength and fluence on the control of size and aggregation of palladium nanoparticles in the liquid medium.     

A dynamic light scattering study of the influence of the phospholipid concentration in a model perfluorocarbon emulsion

Perfluorohexyl iodide in water emulsions stabilised by phospholipids were prepared by microfluidisation. Photon correlation spectroscopy revealed that the particle size distributions of these emulsions were bimodal. Centrifugation experiments indicated that the larger mode was caused by the emulsion droplets, whereas the smaller mode was due to phospholipid vesicles formed from the excess amount of phospholipid emulsifier. Comparing the particle size distributions of perfluorocarbon emulsions containing different amounts of phospholipids, it could be concluded that emulsions with a phospholipid/fluorocarbon ratio of 2% at the most were emulsifier limited, whereas those with a ratio of at least 5% were energy input limited.     

烷氧基取代聚对苯发光性能的研究

聚对苯（ＰＰＰ）作为一个具有良好特性的导电聚合物材料很早便受到人们的青睐．进入九十年代后,它作为一种蓝色电致发光材料又受到人们的普遍注意．１９９２年,Ｇｒｅｍ等［１］采用Ｂａｌａｒｄ前驱聚合物法合成了ＰＰＰ并成功地用其制成了发光器件．１９９５年,他们...