利用颜色编码辅助计算绝对相位的傅里叶轮廓术

针对传统去卷积算法时间需求的弊端,提出一种新的使用颜色编码辅助的绝对相位并行计算方法。该算法采用对光栅数目需求最少的傅里叶变换轮廓术（FTP）做为卷积相位求取的方法;颜色编码光栅被用来标识轮廓的序数。直接使用FTP计算出的卷积相位以及从彩色光栅中获得的轮廓序数,即可方便求出当前像素的绝对相位值;同时只用一副图像标识轮廓序数也比其他轮廓序数标识方法简单。本方法由于使用绝对相位计算方法,局部相位误差不会扩展。实验结果也证明了此算法对于多个分离物体以及复杂物体的有效性。     

相位编码条纹投影轮廓术的相位展开误差校正方法

相位编码法是条纹投影技术中常用的一种相位展开方法。然而，受到随机噪声、图像采样、系统离焦等因素的影响，条纹阶次与包裹相位的对应关系容易被破坏，从而引入相位展开误差。根据相位展开误差的分布特点，提出一种附加二值条纹的相位展开误差校正方法。引入的二值条纹与相位编码条纹的码字存在半周期错位，使得计算出的2组条纹阶次值具有互补性，利用两者的互补性可以有效地消除相位展开误差。仿真和真实实验均表明，该方法能够准确地恢复出被测物体的绝对相位，具有较高的可靠性。     

用于三维测量的快速相位解包裹算法

减少条纹投影轮廓术的条纹图数量一直是本领域的研究热点。传统的时间相位解包裹算法,一般需要额外的条纹信息来确定条纹级次,导致条纹图数量过多。提出一种用于三维测量的快速相位解包裹算法,只需要N步标准相移正弦条纹图,就可以完成绝对相位的计算。首先,利用标准相移算法计算包裹相位和消除背景的掩膜;然后,直接利用包裹相位和掩膜,根据连通域标记算法计算条纹级次,进而求得绝对相位。该方法最少只需3幅条纹图,就可以完成三维测量,数据处理速度快。计算机仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

基于格雷码的分区间相位展开方法

格雷码因具有良好的鲁棒性和抗噪性,被广泛应用到结构光投影三维成像方法中。在三维测量过程中,由于设备以及其他环境噪声的影响,格雷码方法解码条纹级次边沿和截断相位边沿通常无法处于理想的对齐状况,使得展开的相位出现跳变现象。为了更好地避免级次跳变误差,使得边沿跳变区域的容错宽度更大,提出基于格雷码的分区间相位展开方法。在互补格雷码基础上增加一幅格雷码图像,利用所有格雷码解得附加码字,通过对附加码字进行不同位移量的条纹级次映射,得到2个辅助条纹级次。利用所有条纹级次,对截断相位进行分区间相位展开,在边沿跳变区域错误大于半个周期时,仍能获取到无跳变现象的展开相位。实验结果表明,当边沿错误区域宽度小于3/4个条纹周期宽度时,可以有效避免级次跳变产生的误差。     

单周期条纹双四步相移投影仪的标定方法

针对投影仪标定方法中存在畸变及倾斜投影引起条纹周期、条纹级数变化的问题,提出一种单周期条纹双四步相移投影仪的标定方法.设计生成横向和纵向各两组单周期条纹图像,经投影仪投影到带有圆形标识的标定板上,相机同步采集标定板图像,叠加由双四步相移获得的两幅相位主值图,对叠加相位主值图相位展开,利用展开的绝对相位值计算投影仪像素坐标值,最终将投影仪标定转换为成熟的相机标定.实验结果表明:仿真投影仪标定实验准确度的最大重投影误差约为0.4pixel,均方根误差为0.132 96pixel;实际投影仪标定实验准确度的最大反投影误差约为0.46pixel,均方根误差为0.143 12pixel;实验结果与仿真结果的最大反投影误差相差15%,均方根误差相差7.6%.与现有的采用三频相位展开进行投影仪标定的方法相比,投影光栅图像数可减少8幅.该方法改善了现有投影仪标定方法的不足,标定准确度和标定效率均得到提高.     

Three-dimensional profile measurement of the blade based on surface structured light

As the blade must have precise size and accurate shape, three-dimensional profile measurement of the blade is very important. In this paper, three-dimensional profile measurement method of the blade based on surface structured light is proposed. A new phase unwrapping method is also proposed. This encoding method combined coding fringe pattern with the four-step phase-shifting method, the coding information is embedded into the phase, which can be used to determine fringe order for absolute phase retrieval. The encoding method is simple and easy to implement, so the phase unwrapping of the blade can be quickly perform. The experimental and simulation results show that the method can achieve a high precision, high speed and low cost three-dimensional profile measurement of the blade.     

仿视觉过程的相位展开方法

在所有基于条纹分析的光学测量中,相位展开问题是难以避免的问题。所有传统的相位展开方法的共同点都是在相主值图中通过邻域内相主值差和寻找无噪声的相位展开路径来完成的。如果不利用整幅图像像素间的联系,则误差会沿展开路径传播。根据人眼识别栅线图周期的过程提出了一种与以往完全不同的相位展开方法。经过初步提取周期分界线、修补分界线和根据分界线确定周期三个步骤即可完成相位展开过程。该算法的原理简单明了,实现起来相对简单,只需单幅条纹图像即可得到周期,因而可用于动态测量。实验结果验证了该算法的可行性。     

散斑干涉相位条纹图的频域滤波处理

为了解决在数字散斑干涉技术测量时,散斑干涉相位条纹图像中大量噪声对相位解包裹结果和精度产生严重影响的问题,介绍了一种条纹正余弦分解和频域低通滤波结合的方法,实现了散斑干涉相位条纹图的高精度滤波。该方法的基本思路是在对相位图像进行滤波处理前,先将相位图通过正余弦函数进行映射转换成两幅图,分别经过频域滤波,然后再合成为相位图。这种分解频域滤波方法可以在滤波的同时,有效保留相位跳变信息。实验结果表明：与传统的图像降噪方法相比,该方法能够在保留图像“尖峰”信息的基础上,较好地滤除图像中的散斑噪声,方法简单有效,有效解决了传统滤波方法应用在相位条纹图中,相图灰度信息丢失10%~40%的问题。     

一种从粗到精逐步细化的变尺度光栅投影测量方法

传统的光栅投影法依靠相移法进行测量,对绝对相位的计算需要应用解包裹算法完成。由于解包裹算法要求空间相位具有连续性,因此不适合高度变化显著的物体的测量。针对该问题,提出一种多尺度条纹投影测量的方法,直接获取高密度条纹投影的绝对相位。通过对高密度64周期条纹扫描投影测量相位的二次拟合曲线的实验处理,在绝对相位 [-201,201]的变化范围内,拟合标准差达到0.096 63 rad的精度。     

An improved stair phase encoding method for absolute phase retrieval

An improved phase unwrapping method is proposed to reduce the projection fringes in three-dimensional (3D) surface measurement. Color fringe patterns are generated by encoding with sinusoidal fringe and stair phase fringe patterns in red and blue channels. These color fringe patterns are projected onto the tested objects and then captured by a color CCD camera. The recorded fringe patterns are separated into their RGB components. Two groups of four-step phase-shifting fringe patterns are obtained. One group of the stripes are four sinusoidal patterns, which are used to determine the wrapped phase. The other group of stripes are four sinusoidal patterns with the codeword embedded into stair phase, whose stair changes are perfectly aligned with the 2π discontinuities of sinusoidal fringe phase, which are used to determine the fringe order for the phase unwrapping. The experimental results are analyzed and compared with those of the method in Zheng and Da (2012. Opt Express 20(22):24139–24150). The results show that the proposed method needs only four fringe patterns while having less error. It can effectively reduce the number of projection fringes and improve the measuring speed.     

Multichannel method for absolute shape measurement using projected fringes

The multichannel approach is combined with the reduced temporal phase unwrapping scheme for rapid shape measurement. The shape is measured using projected fringes and optical triangulation. Fringes are projected using a colour video projector and recorded by a CCD-camera. Using a colour video projector and a colour video camera makes it possible to use the red, green and blue channels individually. This is the multichannel method. In each channel, the blue, green and red carries fringe maps with different fringe pitch. A short sequence of phase-stepped images is projected and acquired sequentially in time. This reduces measurement time by a factor of three when compared to using one channel. From the acquired images, it is possible to calculate absolute phase using the reduced temporal phase unwrapping analysis scheme. For each channel, it is also possible to calculate fringe contrast and fringe amplitude. Therefore, it is possible to retrieve the colour of an object without acquiring an extra image. The method is demonstrated by measuring the shape of two generally coloured and complex shaped objects.     

基于双频彩色条纹投影的相位测量去包裹方法

为了提高测量速度,提出一种基于双频彩色条纹投影的相位测量去包裹方法,只需采集一帧图像,就能实现高速测量以及动态物体轮廓测量中的相位去包裹。论述了双频相位测量和变精度去包裹原理,并详细分析影响测量精度的因素。该方法采用计算机生成一帧双频双色正弦条纹图,用液晶数字投影仪投影,并用傅里叶变换的方法对两个单色条纹图进行分析,获得高低两种精度的被测物体高度信息,从而进行变精度去包裹处理。结果表明,利用该方法提高了测量速度,可得到较高的去包裹精度,其测量最大绝对误差为 1．413～-1．582 mm,标准差为0．363 mm。     

条纹图象的数字化自动分析处理技术之二:相位分析法

相位分析法是目前光学条纹图象数字化自动分析处理中的最重要方法之一。本文较全面地介绍了相位分析技术,并对相位分析的关键技术--相位的滤波和解包络方法做了重点说明。文中给出了相位解包络的实例并讨论了图象数字化自动分析处理技术的实际应用状况。     

基于彩色光栅投影的快速三维测量方法

 针对条纹投影术提取物体高度信息的问题,提出了一种新的基于彩色光栅投影的三维测量方法。对选取G分量为255,R,B分量各取0或255而组成的青、白、黄、绿四色遵循格雷码原理进行编码,然后将G分量作正弦调制形成投影光栅投向被测物体。提取采集到的光栅变形图中G分量,利用傅里叶变换方法得到其初始相位;同时对采集到图像中的R,B分量作阈值迭代分割而G分量自动赋值为255,综合三分量信息得到条纹颜色信息进而获取条纹的周期信息,从而展开相位。全过程仅需投影一幅彩色光栅图就能完成三维测量,实验结果表明该算法易于实现,在测量实时性和精确性上表现良好。     

A method for enlarging absolute phase unwrapping range by active phase setting

An active phase-setting method applied to a frequency-modulated grating is proposed for enlarging the absolute phase unwrapping range. It is found that the absolute phase unwrapping range is related to initial phase of grating. Therefore, the grating is optimized by presetting two different initial phases, which one is constant in frequency-modulation term and the other is related to the ratio of two frequency in linear phase-modulation term. By using absolute phase unwrapping algorithm, which is improved for suiting the new grating, absolute phase unwrapping range successfully is enlarged and achieves the theoretical range. The experimental results show the feasibility and validity of new method.     

Fringe contrast-based 3D profilometry using fringe projection

Quality-guided algorithm is a widely used method in phase unwrapping. This paper shows an accurate quality map based on fringe contrast for 3D shape measurement. Phase-shifted fringe patterns are projected onto an object surface by a programmable liquid crystal projector and recorded by a CCD camera. A wrapped phase map and a fringe contrast map are extracted from the deformed fringe patterns by the phase-shifting technique. Guided by the contrast map, the quality-guided unwrapping algorithm minimizes unwanted shadow and non-uniform surface reflectance effects and is able to retrieve a correct surface profile. Validity of the proposed method is tested on a fish model and a cutting tool specimen.     

空间载频条纹相位分析法中的相位不确定性

分析了单频、双频空间载频光学条纹相位分析技术中的相位不确定性问题,提出采用两频率之比为无理数的双频载频条纹,相位可完全确定,并提出了基于两频率之比为无理数的空间载频条纹相位确定算法,给出了实验结果。     

Recovering the absolute phase maps of two fringe patterns with selected frequencies

Phase unwrapping is an important and challenging issue in fringe pattern profilometry. In this Letter we propose an approach to recover absolute phase maps of two fringe patterns with selected frequencies. Compared to existing temporal multiple frequency algorithms, the two frequencies in our proposed algorithm can be high enough and thus enable efficient and accurate recovery of absolute phase maps. Experiment results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique.     

A novel color fringe projection based Fourier transform 3D shape measurement method

A novel Fourier transform 3D shape measurement method based on color fringe projection is proposed in order to solve the spectrum overlapping and phase unwrapping problems existed in Fourier transform profilometry (FTP). The R and G components of the color fringe are set to two sinusoidal patterns with different frequencies and the B component is set to the average value of R or G component. Then this pattern is projected to the object and the deformed fringe image is captured. Three gray patterns are separated from the color fringe, the background and high frequency noise can be eliminated using our method and the accurate unwrapped phase can be got. Only one shot color pattern is projected to get the 3D information of the object. Experiment results show that the 3D information of an object can be obtained rapidly and accurately.     

广义条纹图序列编码的相位重建

为解决拓扑复杂物体三维数字化过程中的绝对相位测量及相位重建问题,提出了一种广义变频条纹图序列的相位展开算法。简要综述了现有的各种时间维相位展开算法并指出这些算法存在的问题,在此基础上,详细分析比较提出方法与正指数条纹序列算法的噪声免疫力和时间复杂度,证明该方法有更高的噪声免疫力和更低的时间复杂度。特别是,当相邻编码条纹图的条纹数之比不等于2时,正指数条纹序列算法出现严重噪声,而提出的方法依然能够正常工作。此外,该算法还能够根据实际情况决定需要投影的条纹频率,从而能够使用相对较少的条纹编码图像进行有效的相位展开,进而提高系统的实时性。理论分析和实验结果都证明了提出算法的有效性。