On the size dependence of the melting temperature of nanoparticles

The size dependence of the melting temperature of nanocrystals has been investigated within the thermodynamic approach. A formula is obtained, which, in contrast to the classical Thomson formula, takes into account the metastable character of equilibrium between the crystal core and melt shell. Comparative investigation of the size dependence of the melting temperature, disregarding and taking into account the size dependences of the surface tension of the solid and liquid phases and the interface tension, has been performed by the example of aluminum, tin, and copper nanoparticles.     

Experimental determination of vibrational anharmonic contributions

This article deals with the experimental determination of separate vibrational anharmonic contributions to the self‐energy of phonons in any crystals based on temperature dependence of their Raman spectra. We propose a new approach to find each anharmonic contribution by using special temperature points. We apply the approach to diamond, silicon, and crystalline α‐S₈ and show that our results for summarized anharmonicity in diamond and silicon are in good agreement with the values obtained previously for these systems by other researchers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the moment of inertia of a quantum harmonic oscillator

An original method for calculating the moment of inertia of the collective rotation of a nucleus on the basis of the cranking model with the harmonic-oscillator Hamiltonian at arbitrary frequencies of rotation and finite temperature is proposed. In the adiabatic limit, an oscillating chemical-potential dependence of the moment of inertia is obtained by means of analytic calculations. The oscillations of the moment of inertia become more pronounced as deformations approach the spherical limit and decrease exponentially with increasing temperature.     

硅桥红外辐射单元温度的显微拉曼测定

本文采用显微拉曼光谱实验的方法对红外目标模拟器中的重掺杂Si电阻微桥单元进行了绝对温度的测量 ,并根据斯托克斯与反斯托克斯强度与温度关系以及Raman峰位移动与温度依赖关系两种方法确定温度 ,保证了所测温度的可靠性。针对Si桥建立相应的Raman模型 ,选择合适的物理参数 ,最终得到了反映Si桥工作特性的电流 -温度关系。此外 ,通过对Si桥的空间分辨的测量实验 ,得到了Si桥上的温度分布状况 ,对了解其电阻、热导及氧化等特性十分有用。所有结果表明该方法是器件优化的有效途径。     

On temperature dependence of impurity absorption and luminescence bands in dielectric crystals

In terms of the adiabatic approach to determining the states of an impurity dielectric crystal, the temperature dependence of the first moment (maximum) of the optical band that arises upon vibronic transitions in a local center is studied. It is shown that the frequency of the band maximum and absolute temperature are linked with each other by a relation that is analogous to the Wien’s displacement law for equilibrium radiation. This result is consistent with experimental data obtained, in particular for F absorption and luminescence bands in alkali halide crystals.     

Numerical simulation of transconductance of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistors at high temperatures

Based on the investigation of the influence of temperatures on parameters, including polarization, electron mobility, thermal conductivity, and conduction band discontinuity at the interface between AlGaN and GaN, the temperature dependence of transconductance for AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistors (HFETs) has been obtained by using a quasi-two-dimensional approach, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reduction in transconductance at high temperatures is primarily due to the decrease in electron mobility in the channel. Calculations also demonstrate that the self-heating effect becomes serious as environment temperature increases.     

Field dependence of Young’s modulus in a gadolinium single crystal

The field dependence of Young’s modulus along the hexagonal c axis is measured in a gadolinium single crystal over a wide range of temperatures and magnitudes of the magnetic field aligned with the c axis. It is found that the isotherms of the field dependence of the ΔE effect in gadolinium are well approximated by a linear dependence on the square of the magnetization in both strong and weak strong magnetic fields, and also above and below the spin reorientation temperature. It is shown that the experimental trends obtained near the ferromagnetic transition can be interpreted within the approach based on the Landau theory of second-order phase transitions. The parameters of such an approach are determined for gadolinium on the basis of the experimental data. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 2111–2121 (December 1998)     

On the temperature dependence of quarkonium correlators

I discuss the temperature dependence of quarkonium correlators calculated in lattice QCD. I show that the dominant source of the temperature dependence comes from the zero-mode contribution, while the temperature dependence associated with the melting of bound states is quite small. I study the zero-mode contribution quantitatively for various quark masses and show that it is well described by a quasi-particle model with temperature-dependent heavy quark mass. As a byproduct, an estimate of the medium dependence of the heavy-quark mass is obtained.     

CdS_xSe_（1－x）纳米微晶的辐射跃迁过程

利用变温吸收光谱和光致发光光谱研究了ＣｄＳｘＳｅ（１－ｘ）纳米微晶的辐射跃迁过程．由Ｖａｒｓｈｎｉ公式，拟合了微晶的吸收峰随温度的变化．根据变温发射光谱，研究了发光峰位置和温度的依赖关系，并分析了吸收峰和发光峰随温度变化的快慢．对发光的动力学过程．作了简单的分析．     

CdSxSe1-x纳米微晶的辐射跃迁过程

利用变温吸收光谱和光致发光光谱研究了CdS_xSe_1-x纳米微晶的辐射跃迁过程.由Varshni公式,拟合了微晶的吸收峰随温度的变化.根据变温发射光谱,研究了发光峰位置和温度的依赖关系,并分析了吸收峰和发光峰随温度变化的快慢.对发光的动力学过程.作了简单的分析.     

Hydrogen diffusion: a simple approach using Mössbauer spectroscopy

A simple approach for finding the activation energy for hydrogen diffusion is presented. This approach has been used to obtain the activation energy of hydrogen diffusion in the β-range of (Fe_1-Y Ni_Y TiH_X (x>1.0) using our Mössbauer results. The general validity of this approach has been established by showing that the E_a value found using this formalism for⁵⁷Fe doped vanadium and niobium hydride systems is almost equal to that obtained by Wagner and co-workers /1–3/ who obtained it by monitoring the temperature dependence of the quasi-elastic component of the Mössbauer spectrum. An approximate estimate of D_o values is also presented.     

Temperature dependent optical properties of Si nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 matrix

The optical properties of Si nanocrystals (nc-Si) with different sizes (2～5 nm) embedded in a SiO₂ matrix synthesized by the SiO _x /SiO₂ superlattice approach were studied in a temperature range from room temperature to 600 K by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The Maxwell–Garnett effective medium approximation and Lorentz oscillator model were employed to extract the dielectric function of nc-Si. The results show that the temperature dependence of optical properties of nc-Si is sensitive to its size. An empirical expression of Varshni approximation was obtained to characterize the band-gap energy change of nc-Si at different temperatures.     

Electronic heat capacity in disordered graphene systems

We analyzed the electronic heat capacity of graphene systems in the presence of disorder. We consider the case of strong scatterers, working in the unitary limit. The temperature dependence of the electronic heat capacity is analyzed. Close to the clean limit we obtained the quadratic temperature dependence, corrected with a temperature and disorder dependent factor which slightly enhance the heat capacity. At very low temperatures, and in the presence of disorder, we obtained a linear temperature dependence of the electronic heat capacity. We also analyzed the temperature dependence of the electronic heat capacity in the case of extrinsic graphene.     

电光调制器的温度特性及其最优化设计

利用线性电光效应的波耦合理论对铌酸锂晶体电光调制器的温度特性进行研究,给出了不同光波波矢和晶体光轴夹角情况下电光效应的温度变化特性,发现可以利用角度调节来克服电光调制器的温度敏感性;在此基础上,进一步对电光调制器进行了最优化设计,得到一个半波电压小(几十伏)、零场泄漏几乎为零(零电压出射光强和入射光强比为0．0027)、消光比达到365．6、温度性能稳定而且不需要透明电极的一个设计。     

Critical Temperature of Lequid-gas Phase Transition for Hot Nuclear Matter and Three-body Force Effect

The finite temperature Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (FTBHF) approach is extended by introducing a microscopic three-body force. Within the extended approach, the three-body force effects on the equation of state of hot nuclear matter and its temperature dependence have been investigated. The critical properties of the liquid-gas phase transition of hot nuclear matter have been calculated. It is shown that the three-body force provides a repulsive contribution to the equation of state of hot nuclear matter. The repulsive effect of the three-body force becomes more pronounced as the density and temperature increase and consequently inclusion of the three-body force contribution in the calculation reduces the predicted critical temperature from about 16MeV to about 13MeV. By separating the contribution originated from the 2σ-exchange process coupled to the virtual excitation of a nucleon-antinucleon pair from the full three-body force, the connection between the three-body force effect and the relativistic correction from the Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock has been explored. It turns out that the contribution of the 2σ-NN part is more repulsive than that of the full three-body force and the calculated critical temperature is about 11MeV if only the 2σ-NN component of the three-body force is included which is lower than the value obtained in the case of including the full three-body force and is close to the value predicted by the Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (DBHF) approach. Our result provides a reasonable explanation for the discrepancy between the values of critical temperature predicted from the FTBHF approach including the three-body force and the DBHF approach.     

Thermal nonlinearity in a photoacoustic cell

The effect of the thermal nonlinearity caused by the temperature dependence of the specific heat and thermal conductivity of a sample, substrate, and air on the temperature field in a photoacoustic cell is stud-ied theoretically. Exact solutions are obtained for a steady temperature field with allowance for thermal nonlin-earity and for a nonsteady field without allowance for this nonlinearity. The nonsteady nonlinear problem was solved numerically. It is shown that, due to thermal nonlinearity, the linear dependence of the temperature of the irradiated surface on the heating beam intensity gradually transforms into a power-law dependence as the beam intensity increases.     

Temperature field of dielectric films under continuous ion-beam irradiation

In the present study, we theoretically examine the formation process of the steady-state temperature field in dielectrics under irradiation with a continuous ion beam in air with allowance for the temperature dependence of thermophysical quantities. Analytical expressions for the temperature field were obtained. An interconnected system of nonlinear algebraic equations for the steady-state temperatures at the front (irradiated) and rear surfaces of the sample, and the steady-state temperature at the interface between the ion-damaged and non-damaged region was obtained; by numerical solution of this system, a nonlinear dependence of the mentioned temperatures on the characteristics of incident ion flux was revealed.     

Experimental distinction between giant vortex and multivortex states in mesoscopic superconducting squares

We study the distinction between giant vortex states and multivortex states in a thin mesoscopic superconducting square by using the temperature dependence of the vortex expulsion fields. We find that the results agree well with those obtained from the multiple-small-tunnel-junction method, indicating that the distinction by the temperature dependence of the vortex expulsion fields is applicable to superconducting squares.     

Thermo-Quantum Diffusion

A new approach to the thermo-quantum diffusion is proposed and a nonlinear quantum Smoluchowski equation is derived, which describes classical diffusion in the field of the Bohm quantum potential. A nonlinear thermo-quantum expression for the diffusion front is obtained, being a quantum generalization of the classical Einstein law. The quantum diffusion at zero temperature is also described and a new dependence of the position dispersion on time is derived. A stochastic Bohm-Langevin equation is also proposed.     

Phase Transition in Particle Systems with a Nonnegatively Defined Interaction Potential

We have obtained equations for calculating the parameters of phase transitions in particle systems with a nonnegatively defined interaction potential. The parametrized Gibbs distribution is part of the basis of our derivation. It takes the features of a non-negatively defined interaction potential into account and leads to the corresponding Bogolyubov chain of equations. Using this approach, we obtain a convenient method for finding the free energy of the system. On the basis of this method, we have studied the phase transition in a system of hard spheres and the dependence of the phase-transition temperature on the temperature of argon at high pressures.