金属有机框架在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

为了获得高效率的染料敏化太阳能电池,其光阳极应该具有大的比表面积,以吸附足量的染料,获得很强的光捕获能力.从这个角度而言,将具有很大比表面积的金属有机框架材料引入到染料敏化太阳能电池的体系中,无疑是一种有益的探索.本文简介了金属有机框架材料在光伏领域的应用,并重点介绍了我们课题组在利用金属有机框架材料方面进行的一些探索,包括光阳极薄膜的处理、利用金属有机框架材料作为前驱体制备光阳极材料和光散射层.最后,本文对金属有机框架材料应用于染料敏化太阳能电池中的局限性及前景做了简要的展望.     

上转换发光在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

以水热和高温煅烧相结合的方法制备了掺Er³⁺的TiO₂上转换发光层,并将其组装在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中。通过XRD﹑荧光光谱﹑UV-Vis和电池的光电性能测试,分析了上转换发光层的发光机理及其加入后对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响。结果表明,上转换发光层的引入有效地提高了DSSC的光电性能,在80 mW·cm^-2红外光照射下最高光电转换效率达到了0.14‰,比未加上转换发光层的DSSC提高了160%。     

方酸菁染料在有机太阳能电池中的研究进展

方酸菁作为一种重要的菁类染料,由于它在可见-近红外区有强烈的吸收和发射性质,以及良好的光热稳定性,使它在太阳能电池的研究中越来越受到重视.随着理论的不断完善,以及太阳能电池制作技术的成熟,方酸菁将在这一领域继续得到快速发展.综述了近年来方酸菁染料在染料敏化太阳能电池和本体异质结太阳能电池中的应用,从机理角度着重讨论了染料分子结构等因素对电池性能的影响,并提出了未来的研究方向.     

准固态聚合物电解质在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

将固态或准固态聚合物电解质应用到染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中可以有效解决应用液态电解质遇到的封装难、稳定性差等问题,因而近年来,对固态和准固态电解质的研究引起了广泛关注.本文就准固态聚合物电解质在DSSC中应用的研究进展及存在的问题进行了综述.同时,介绍了DSSC的结构及工作原理.根据目前DSSC准固态聚合物电解质...     

离子液体在TiO2纳晶染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

离子液体以其高稳定性、高电导率等特有的优点,成为众多领域中研究的热点。本文简单综述了离子液体的概念、结构及其在TiO2纳晶染料敏化电池的固、液态电解质中的应用,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中的敏化剂

染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）是一种新型的太阳能电池。染料敏化剂的性能对DSSC的光电转换效率有重要的影响,要获得高的光电转换效率需要有高效、稳定的染料敏化剂。本文介绍了近年来染料敏化剂的设计合成,并讨论了各种敏化剂的优缺点及发展方向。     

TiO2/SnO2复合空心球在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用模板辅助法制备了SnO2/TiO2复合空心球,样品直径为1.5~4.0μm,比表面积达到了92.9 m^2·g^-1,复合空心球表现出优越的光散射性能.以这种复合空心球作为染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极,电池的光电转换效率可达到7.72%,高于SnO2微米球(2.70%)和TiO2微米球(6.26%).此外,以锐钛矿型TiO2纳米晶作为底层,SnO2/TiO2复合空心球作为光散射层制备的双层结构光阳极,电池光电转换效率进一步提升至8.43%.     

电荷分离型染料在固态染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

染料敏化太阳能电池中的染料起到吸收光能和传导光生电子的作用,而染料的电荷分离状态能有效提高电子注入效率,抑制电荷复合,进而提高器件性能。本文以电荷分离(CS)型染料为敏化剂,采用spiro-OMeTAD为空穴传输材料制备了全固态染料敏化太阳能电池,分析了TiO_2光阳极膜厚的影响,当TiO_2光阳极膜厚为1. 2μm时,器件性能最优;探讨了染料结构对器件性能的影响,其中染料MTPABT-Pyc的器件性能最好,其光电流和效率分别为7. 38mA/cm~2和3. 06%。相比于电荷转移(CT)型染料MTPAcc,MTPABTPyc具有相近的捕光能力,但是其效率比MTPAcc (2. 64%)提高了16%。研究结果表明,CS型染料的电荷分离态对电荷复合的抑制和空穴的传输具有明显的优势。     

纳米二氧化钛的水热法制备及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

分别在盐酸和冰醋酸溶液中水解钛酸四正丁酯,得到前驱体,通过水热法制备锐钛矿型二氧化钛纳米晶体.以纳米二氧化钛为电子传输体组装染料敏化电池,通过XRDI、CP、DRS、TEM、SEM和电池的光电性能测试,研究制备的二氧化钛对电池光电性能的影响.结果表明,水热反应温度对染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能有较大影响,在有机酸介质中制备的二氧化钛具有较高的光电转换效率.     

多酸基光敏剂在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,简写为DSSCs)是由Michael Gr覿tzel等开发的第三代光伏电池,它具有低成本、制作简单、光学性能可调、光电转换效率高等优势。其中光敏剂是DSSCs的重要组成部分,通过吸收可见光将电子传递到半导体导带,对整个电池的电子循环至关重要。广泛采用的光敏剂为N719等贵金属配合物,但其价格非常昂贵,很难实现大规模产业化。因此寻找低成本的非贵金属光敏剂是该领域的一项挑战。多金属氧酸盐(简称多酸,Polyoxometalates,简写为POMs)是一类具有纳米尺寸的分子基纳米材料,是分子型无机类半导体材料。多酸的富氧表面可以被活化和修饰,吸收光谱可以覆盖可见区甚至近红外区,具有合适的氧化还原电势,良好的热稳定性和溶解性。近年来,一系列研究表明多酸可以作为光敏剂应用在DSSCs中。本文中,我们以课题组多年来在POMs和太阳能电池领域的研究工作积累以及国内外同行专家的研究工作为基础,对多酸基光敏剂在DSSCs中的应用进行了详细综述。首先我们阐述了DSSCs的研究意义、多酸的简介、多酸的能级测量及调控。之后我们重点综述了多酸作为DSSCs中的光敏剂和共敏剂的研究。最后,我们对多酸基光敏剂在DSSCs领域的发展前景进行了总结和展望。本文有望引起多酸化学、材料化学及新兴交叉学科领域研究者的广泛研究兴趣,并为太阳能电池光敏剂的研究提供新的思路。     

有机染料敏化剂分子设计新进展

综述了应用于染料敏化太阳能电池的多吡啶钌配合物、胺类染料、卟啉和酞菁类染料分子设计方面影响其光电转化效率的因素研究及新进展.     

Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties,and Molecular Structures of Organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on organic dyes adsorbed on oxide semiconductor electrodes, such as TiO₂, ZnO, or NiO, which have emerged as a new generation of sustainable photovoltaic devices, have attracted much attention from chemists, physicists, and engineers because of enormous scientific interest in not only their construction and operational principles, but also in their high incident‐solar‐light‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency and low cost of production. To develop high‐performance DSSCs, it is important to create efficient organic dye sensitizers, which should be optimized for the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the dyes themselves, with molecular structures that provide good light‐harvesting features, good electron communication between the dye and semiconductor electrode and between the dye and electrolyte, and to control the molecular orientation and arrangement of the dyes on a semiconductor surface. The aim of this Review is not to make a list of a number of organic dye sensitizers developed so far, but to provide a new direction in the epoch‐making molecular design of organic dyes for high photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of DSSCs, based on the accumulated knowledge of their photophysical and electrochemical properties, and molecular structures of the organic dye sensitizers developed so far.     

Molecular Design Principle of All‐organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

All‐organic dyes have shown promising potential as an effective sensitizer in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The design concept of all‐organic dyes to improve light‐to‐electric‐energy conversion is discussed based on the absorption, electron injection, dye regeneration, and recombination. How the electron‐donor–acceptor‐type framework can provide better light harvesting through bandgap‐tuning and why proper arrangement of acceptor/anchoring groups within a conjugated dye frame is important in suppressing improper charge recombination in DSSCs are discussed. Separating the electron acceptor from the anchoring unit in the donor–acceptor‐type organic dye would be a promising strategy to reduce recombination and improve photocurrent generation.     

Metal‐Free Organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: From Structure: Property Relationships to Design Rules

Works without ruthenium as well : Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) incorporating metal‐free organic dyes have been considerably improved in recent years. Various design strategies have been established and are employed successfully in the synthesis of novel sensitizers. In this Review, structure–property–efficiency correlations are deduced from a vast number of dyes, which should help to design new and highly efficient sensitizers.

     

Ethoxy‐substituted Oligo‐phenylenevinylene‐Bridged Organic Dyes for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Organic dyes with ethoxy‐substituted oligo‐phenylenevinylene as chromophores were synthesized for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and the detailed relationships between the dye structures, photophysical properties, electrochemical properties, and performances of DSSCs were described. The dye S3O showed broad IPCE spectra in the spectral range of 350–750 nm, and the dye S1P showed solar energy‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency (() of up to 4.23% under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW/cm²) in comparison with the reference Ru‐complex (N719 dye) with an η value of 5.90% under similar experimental conditions.     

Stable Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using Waste Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Derived Porous Carbon as Counter Electrode

At the time, the world critically requires renewable energy. The challenge is figuring out how to meet expanding global energy consumption. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have attracted a lot of interest due to their high energy conversion efficiency, low cost, environmental friendliness, and easy production procedure. First, the study prepares standard cell platinum, which is the most expensive and in low supply. By replacing PVC-derived porous carbon for expensive platinum in the DSScs counter electrode. The standard efficiency of platinum counter electrode comes out to be 1.94 and efficiency of PVC derived porous carbon electrode comes out to be 0.46.     

The influence of noncovalent interactions in metal‐free organic dye molecules to augment the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells: A computational study

The efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be enhanced with achieving better planarity of metal‐free organic dye molecules and thinning of their aggregation on the semiconductor surface. We report that the subtle noncovalent N^…S interaction between the substituted phosphazene group and thiophene spacer unit in dye molecule which induces the desired planarity and avoid aggregation of such molecules on the TiO₂ surface using DFT calculations. DFT results show that phosphazene group increases the maximum absorption wavelength (λ_max), driving force for electrons injection (ΔG_injection), singlet excited state lifetime (τ), dipole moments (μ_normal), and number of electrons transferred from dye to TiO₂ surface (Δq), which are known to augment the efficiency of DSSCs. Further, the lower ΔG_regeneration value of phosphazene containing dyes (e.g., –.37 eV, dye 2 ) than the reported dyes (e.g., –.81 eV, dye 1 ) indicate the faster electron injection rate from the former dye to the semiconductor TiO₂. The role of phosphazene group to prevent the aggregation of dye molecules on the TiO₂ anatase surface was also examined with GGA‐PBE/DNP level of theory. The calculated results suggest that the dye molecules on 1 ‐(TiO₂)₃₈ and 2 ‐(TiO₂)₃₈ anatase clusters avoids the aggregation due to the steric congestion induced by phosphazene group. This work reports to accomplish dual properties with subtle noncovalent interactions in dye molecules to augment the efficiency in DSSCs.     

二氢吲哚类染料用于染料敏化太阳能电池光敏剂的比较

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)对四种二氢吲哚染料进行研究, 从中筛选出相对优秀的染料敏化太阳能电池光敏剂. 对前线分子轨道的计算表明, 二氢吲哚染料的前线分子轨道结构非常有利于染料激发态向TiO2电极的电子注入. 对真空中的紫外和可见光吸收光谱的计算表明, 二氢吲哚染料的吸收光谱与太阳辐射光谱匹配较好. 对染料分子的能级计算表明, 二氢吲哚染料的能级结构比较适合于I-/I-3作电解液的TiO2纳米晶太阳能电池的光敏剂. 二氢吲哚染料最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO) 能级均比TiO2晶体导带边能级高, 能够保证激发态染料分子高效地向TiO2电极转移电子. 二氢吲哚染料最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)的能级比I-/I-3能级低, 保证了失去电子的染料分子能够顺利地从电解液中得到电子. 与实验数据比较, 得出在提高染料敏化太阳能电池转换效率方面, 对染料的关键要求是LUMO能级的位置. 染料分子的稳定性是染料敏化太阳能电池使用寿命的关键因素. 通过对化学键键长的比较表明, 二氢吲哚染料的分子稳定性基本相同. 对计算结果的分析表明, 二氢吲哚染料1(ID1)的LUMO能级最高, 分子稳定性最好, 在酒精溶液中的吸收光谱与太阳辐射光谱匹配很好, 在同类染料中是较好的染料敏化太阳能电池光敏剂.