Cu∶KNSBN晶体光折变参量的温度特性研究

本文研究了Cu∶KNSBN晶体光折变材料参量的温度特性.用光折变理论分析了文献6给出的Cu∶KNSBN晶体两波耦合增益系数Γ随2θ在不同温度下的变化关系.得出了该晶体有效电荷密度Neff,有效电光系数和电子-空穴对抗因子乘积Rreff随温度的变化关系.     

Ce:Co:LiNbO3晶体光折变性能研究

在LiNbO₃中掺进CeO₂和Co₃O₄,以Czchralski技术首次生长Ce:Co:LiNO₃, Ce:LiNbO₃, Co:LiNbO₃晶体.通过测试Ce:LiNbO₃, Co:LiNbO₃和Ce:Co:LiNbO₃晶体的指数增益系数, 位相共轭反射率和响应时间,计算晶体的有效载流子浓度和光电导.Ce离子能提高LiNbO₃晶体光折变灵敏度,Co离子能提高LiNbO₃晶体的响应速度和抗光致散射能力,从而Ce:Co:LiNbO₃晶体具有较高的指数增益系数,位相共轭反射率,响应速度.Ce:Co:LiNbO₃晶体具有优良的光折变性能.     

Cu∶KNSBN晶体衍射效率的角度选择性研究

耦合波理论是分析光折变晶体的基本方法,由耦合波理论可以得到光折变晶体的衍射效率具有角度选择性。针对这一结论,利用Cu:KNSBN晶体中的双光束耦合,从理论和实验两个角度做了分析,实验结果和理论分析基本吻合。结果表明,对于一定厚度的Cu∶KNSBN晶体,双光束的写入角存在着一个最佳值,使得Cu:KNSBN晶体的衍射效率最大。     

光折变晶体η-2θ曲线峰值位置明显偏移的研究

实验发现在Ce:(K_0.5Na_0.5)_0.2(Sr_0.61Ba_0.39)_0.9Nb₂O₆(Ce:KNSBN)光折变晶体的同一点记录两幅光栅时,其中一幅光栅的衍射效率(η)相对于两光束夹角(2θ)的关系曲线峰值位置由仅存储一幅光栅时的36°变为44°.采用跳跃模型的微扰分析方法解释了这一现象.     

基于KNSBN:Cu晶体的光折变联合变换相关器

给出基于KNSBN:Cu晶体的光折变二波耦合联合变换相关器(TBJTC).以KNSBN:Cu晶体作为平方律转换器,将强度较大且携带参考图象和待识别图象联合频谱的信号光波与一强度较弱的相干平面参考光波同时输入于KNSBN:Cu晶体,通过光折变二波耦合过程的非线性能量转移,实现功率谱转换,进而实现相关识别.理论分析和实验结果表明,除输入输出外,该光学相关器无需CCD、LCLV等器件和相应的数字处理,是一个全光光学相关器.     

掺杂的铌酸钾钠锶钡晶体的二波耦合增益系数的研究

对多种掺杂的铌酸钾钠锶钡(KNSBN)单晶样品进行了二波耦合测量,着重研究了二波耦合中各样品的增益系数Γ与两光束入射夹角2θ的关系,以及Γ与光强I的关系。用光折变理论公式拟合Γ-2θ关系的实验结果,求得不同样品的有效光折变电荷密度、有效电光系数和电子-空穴对抗率等参数值。采用一种模型,推导出测定与光强有关的增益系数的解析表达式,并应用于Γ-I关系的实验结果分析。测量结果显示,一些掺杂的KNSBN晶体具有很大的Γ值(>15cm^-1)。     

入射光强比对Ce:KNSBN晶体两波耦合特性影响的研究

实验测量了Ce:KNSBN双光束耦合信号光有效增益G随入射光强比m的变化关系.用中间段光折变理论对此变化关系进行了参量理论分析.结果表明,理论和实验结果定性符合.     

基于KNSBN∶Cu晶体的光折变联合变换相关器

给出基于KNSBN∶Cu晶体的光折变二波耦合联合变换相关器(TBJTC).以KNSBN∶Cu晶体作为平方律转换器,将强度较大且携带参考图象和待识别图象联合频谱的信号光波与一强度较弱的相干平面参考光波同时输入于KNSBN∶Cu晶体,通过光折变二波耦合过程的非线性能量转移,实现功率谱转换,进而实现相关识别.理论分析和实验结果表明,除输入输出外,该光学相关器无需CCD、LCLV等器件和相应的数字处理,是一个全光光学相关器.     

偏振控制的Ce:KNSBN类光纤光折变光开关

在Ce:KNSBN光折变类光纤晶体中,用不同偏振的读出光控制衍射光强的大小从而实现光折变光开关的开－关功能.实验结果表明e光读出时的光栅衍射效率是o光读出的310倍,而且衍射效率比不随写入光光强比的变化而变化.与块状晶体做了比较,并用理论进行了分析,在光折变类光纤中的衍射效率比是块状晶体的10倍,光折变类光纤晶体有着更好的光开关性能.     

入射光强比对Ce∶KNSBN晶体两波耦合特性影响的研究

实验测量了 Ce∶KNSBN双光束耦合信号光有效增益 G随入射光强比 m的变化关系 .用中间段光折变理论对此变化关系进行了参量理论分析 .结果表明 ,理论和实验结果定性符合     

光折变晶体BaTiO3中二波混频的温度效应

研究了光折变晶体钛酸钡中相向传输的二波混频的温度效应,得到在 BaTiO₃中增益耦合系数随温升而增加、并在85℃左右反向.说明其主要载流子的类型在此温度时发生改变.给出了有效陷阱浓度N(T)的温升模型,其理论预期值与实验数据符合较好.     

Low-temperature thermal fixing of holograms in photorefractive La(3)Ga(5)SiO(14):Pr(3+) crystal

Thermal fixing in a La(3)Ga (5)SiO (14):Pr (3+) photorefractive crystal is demonstrated all the way down to room temperature. This, to our knowledge, is the first report of such an effect in any photorefractive material. From the temperature dependence of the process the activation energy of the carriers involved in the fixing process is measured to be E(A)=0.89 eV . Further, an effective photorefractive charge density of (1.4+/-0.2)x10(16) cm (-3) and Debye screening length of (6.8+/-0.7)x10(-6) cm is measured.     

Effect of photoconductivity and dielectric constant of the photorefractive materials on two-beam coupling gain and phase-shifts for a single unidirectional photorefractive ring resonator

Photoconductive dependence of two-beam coupling between the pump beam and the signal beam in photorefractive materials have been analyzed in case of non-degenerate wave mixing under the undepleted pump approximation method. During the two-wave mixing in photorefractive materials, steady state amplification of the signal beam and oscillation characteristics of a single unidirectional ring resonator has been studied. The domination of the two-beam coupling gain over the combined absorption and resonator losses such as Fresnel reflections from the crystal and imperfect mirrors builds up unidirectional oscillation. The buildup of such an oscillation leads to a saturation of the gain, which can be explained in terms of the photorefractive phase-shift. The existence of this phase-shift between the photorefractive index grating and the illumination intensity pattern, which is of characteristic of the photorefractive effect, leads to an energy transfer between the two beams. For a single unidirectional ring resonators, the effects of photoconductivity of the materials, two-beam energy coupling coefficient, dielectric constant, crystal thickness, and material's absorption coefficient on amplification of the two-beam coupling gain and photorefractive phase-shifts of the signal beam have also been studied in detail. It has been found that amplification of the signal beam and phase-shift can be enhanced by taking the photorefractive crystal having higher photoconductivity and lower dielectric constant, which improves performance of the resonators.     

INVESTIGATION OF PHOTOREFRACTIVE TWO-WAVE COUPLING IN Cr-DOPED STRONTIUM BARIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL

We present here the experimental results of photorefractive two-wave coupling in the congruent strontium barium niobate (SBN:61) crystal doped with 1000ppm Cr. Employing a He－Ne laser (632.8nm), we observed the coupling characteristics under different conditions. The crystal shows excellent photorefractive properties, with a high coupling coefficient nearly 6cm^-1 as the beam intensity ratio m is less than 100. The saturated coupling coefficient of SBN:61:Cr shows a maximum at a certain external beam crossing angle 2θ_peak, which varies with different m, showing a nearly linear dependence on m. The saturated coupling response time τ is measured to be less than 0.8 s. The response time decreased with increasing beam crossing angles no matter how large m is. We also observed the behaviour of the probe beam in reversed experimental procedures. We found that the probe beam shows a bistable state in both procedures.     

Temporal behavior of two-wave-mixing in photorefractive InP:Fe versus temperature

The temporal response of two-wave-mixing in photorefractive InP:Fe under a dc electric field at different temperatures has been studied. In particular, the temperature dependence of the characteristic time constant has been studied both theoretically and experimentally, showing a strongly decreasing time constant with increasing temperature.     

光折变Fe:LiNbO3晶体中质子与热激发电子之间的竞争

研究了Ｆｅ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体的光折变性能随晶体温度变化的动态性质,实验结果显示,质子与热激发电子之间存在着强烈的竞争,在较低的温度下（低于１２０℃）,在晶体光折变响应时间内,质子对晶体的光折变性能的很小,而电子的热激发速率Ｂ随晶体温度的变化将是影响晶体光折变性能的主要因素;而在较高温度时（高于１２０℃）,质子地迁移率的增大而开始显著地影响晶体的光折变性能。     

Ce:KNSBN晶体中光擦除双光束耦合放大系数的温度特性

用耦合波方程和带导模型建立了光擦除双光束耦合的理论.引入了信号光放大系数定义并研究了其温度特性.实验发现,当晶体温度从320K提高到370K时,在波长为632.8nm的光束情况下,Ce:KNSBN晶体中信号光的放大系数提高1.7倍.实验结果和理论分析定性符合.通过改变晶体温度可提高放大系数.     

Temperature dependence of two-beam coupling and dark decay in photorefractive BaTiO3

The temperature dependence of two-beam coupling and dark decay in photorefractive BaTiO₃ is reported. We show that the competition between deep and shallow traps depends on temperature and writing intensity, and influences two-beam coupling and dark decay. The dynamics of dark decay, characterized by a fast decay of partial erasure and a subsequent slow decay, is influenced by the presence of deep and shallow traps. Partial erasure, due to thermal excitation of charges from the shallow traps, decreases with temperature and increases with writing intensity. The time constant of the slow decay, due to thermal excitation of charges from the deep traps, depends strongly on temperature, but not on the writing intensity. At room temperature, the existence of deep and shallow trap leads to intensity-dependent photorefractive gains. As temperature increases, the influence from the shallow trap decreases, and the photorefractive gain becomes independent of the intensity. However, at much higher temperatures (100°C), the photorefractive gain resumes its dependence on intensity due to an increase in dark conductivity at elevated temperature.     

Reduction-induced polarons and optical response of Mg-doped LiNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript> crystals

We studied the visible and IR dispersion of absorption coefficient and refractive index for congruent LiNbO₃ and Mg:LiNbO₃ crystals before and after chemical reduction at different annealing temperatures. The concentration of Mg in Mg:LiNbO₃ samples was just below or above the photorefractive threshold. The reduction-induced changes in the absorption coefficient reveal the formation of polarons typical for doped LiNbO₃ crystals. It was shown that the polaron concentration is maximal when the Mg concentration is just below the photorefractive threshold and the annealing temperature is near 500 °C. This temperature is optimal for the most efficient polaron formation at all considered concentrations of Mg. The fitting of the experimental absorption dispersion curves indicates that intermediate polarons are formed in LiNbO₃:Mg crystals preferably. The spectral dependence of transmission for samples of lithium niobate of various thicknesses was studied. The results indicate that there are spatial regions with much greater absorption than that of bulk crystals. We assume that, in general, polarons are localized in thin near-surface regions. The spectral dependence of the refractive index in the vicinity of the phonon absorption edge indicates some essential changes of the phonon subsystem taking place after reduction. The infrared contribution into the dispersion of the dielectric function real part increases considerably after reduction. PACS 71.38.Ht; 71.38.-k; 78.20.Ci