HgI2晶体溅射Au电极与化学镀Au电极的I-V特性

利用Agilent4155型CVIV测试仪测定了分别采用溅射Au和涂敷氯金酸(AuCl3溶液)作为电极材料时HgI2晶体的I-V特性.测试表明,Au/HgI2和AuCl3/HgI2的欧姆接触特性值b分别为0.89和1.06,HgI2晶体的电阻率为109 Ω·cm.计算接触电阻Rc的结果表明,Au/HgI2与AuCl3/HgI2接触电阻为1.6×107 Ω和4.3×106 Ω;AuCl3/HgI2更容易产生较低的接触电阻,形成良好的欧姆接触.分析认为AuCl3/HgI2接触中电极本质上是氯金酸分解产生Au单质并形成电极.由于电极制备工艺没有显著影响晶体表面质量,使AuCl3/ HgI2具有良好的欧姆接触特性.溅射Au电极在制备工艺中的温度升高和真空度造成晶体表面质量下降,使Au/HgI2欧姆接触特性较差.     

n型IBC太阳电池选择性发射极工艺研究

为提升n型叉指背接触(IBC)太阳电池的光电转换效率,采用丝网印刷硼浆和高温扩散的方式形成选择性发射极结构,研究了硼扩散和硼浆印刷工艺对电池发射极钝化性能和接触性能的影响。实验结果表明,在硼扩散沉积时间和退火时间一定的条件下,硼扩散通源(BBr₃)流量为100 mL/min,沉积温度为830 ℃,退火温度为920 ℃时,发射极轻掺杂(p⁺)区域的隐开路电压达到710 mV,暗饱和电流密度为12.2 fA/cm²。发射极局部印刷硼浆湿重为220 mg时,经过高温硼扩散退火,重掺杂(p⁺⁺)区域的隐开路电压保持在683 mV左右,该区域方块电阻仅46 Ω/□,金属接触电阻为2.3 mΩ·cm². 采用该工艺方案制备的IBC电池最高光电转换效率达到24.40%,平均光电转换效率达到24.32%,相比现有IBC电池转换效率提升了0.28个百分点。     

全TOPCon电池正面多晶硅层硼掺杂工艺

为提升隧穿氧化层钝化接触(TOPCon)电池光电转换效率,本文通过高温扩散在n型TOPCon电池正面制作p型隧穿氧化层钝化接触结构,提升发射极钝化性能,减少正面金属复合。本文研究了不同沉积时间、推进温度、推进时间等工艺参数对实验样品钝化性能及掺杂曲线的影响。实验结果表明,当沉积时间为1 500 s,推进温度为920℃,推进时间为20 min时,掺硼多晶硅层可获得较优的钝化性能及掺杂浓度,其中样品多晶硅层硼掺杂浓度达到1.40×10²⁰ cm^-3,隐开路电压(iV_oc)大于720.0 mV。依据该参数制备的TOPCon电池光电转换效率可达23.89%,对应的短路电流密度为39.36 mA/cm²,开路电压(V_oc)达到726.4 mV,填充因子(FF)为83.54%。     

Ti/Au复合电极在CdZnTe (111)B面上的表面结构与性能研究

近年来,碲锌镉(CdZnTe)材料制成的探测器已经成为研究热点,适当的接触特性已经成为提高探测器性能的关键问题。本文主要探讨了弱n型CdZnTe晶体(111)B面Ti/Au复合电极的欧姆接触性能,采用两步沉积工艺制备Ti/Au复合电极。通过AFM、FIB/TEM、XPS、I-V等测试方法研究了电极与CdZnTe的界面结构、化学成分和电学性能。结果表明,Ti过渡层的引入可以减轻和改善晶片抛光过程中形成的损伤层,增加了电极与晶体之间的欧姆特性。相比于CdZnTe (111)B面上的Cr/Au复合电极,Ti/Au复合电极的粗糙度更低、接触界面更平整,晶格失配层厚度也更低。Ti中间层促进了金/半界面的互扩散现象, 有利于增加黏附性和降低肖特基势垒,并且在Ti/Au复合电极与CdZnTe接触的界面上没有观察到氧元素的存在。I-V测试表明Ti/Au复合电极具有更加良好的欧姆特性和更低的肖特基势垒。     

后退火气氛对磁控溅射制备β-Ga2O3薄膜材料的影响

近年来,宽禁带半导体材料β-Ga₂O₃越来越多地受到关注,在材料制备、掺杂、刻蚀等方面都有广泛研究。射频磁控溅射是常用的β-Ga₂O₃薄膜制备方法之一,后退火处理往往是提高薄膜质量的关键工艺步骤。本文研究后退火工艺中退火温度和退火气氛对射频磁控溅射在C面蓝宝石基底上制备得到的β-Ga₂O₃薄膜材料的影响。X射线衍射和原子力显微镜表征结果表明:在氮气气氛下退火,退火温度为1 000 ℃时得到的β-Ga₂O₃薄膜质量较优;相同的温度下,氧气气氛退火比氮气气氛退火更有利于提升薄膜的结晶性能、降低表面粗糙度;在氧气气氛下,1 000 ℃退火得到的薄膜质量相对比900 ℃退火得到的薄膜质量好。     

电极材料对碘化汞(α-HgI2)晶体Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性的影响

利用Aligent4155型CVIV测试仪分别对Au/HgI2、AuCl3(Au)/HgI2、C(石墨)/HgI2接触的,Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性进行了测定,对比研究了不同电极材料与α-HgI2晶体所形成的接触特性,并利用热电子发射理论对实验结果进行了分析.结果表明,AuCl3和C均能与HgI2形成良好的欧姆接触,其欧姆特性系数分别为1.0291和0.9380,接触电阻分别为3.0×108Ω和1.0×108Ω;而溅射Au与Hg2接触的欧姆特性较差,欧姆系数约为0.8341,接触电阻为3.5×109Ω.这说明AuCl3,在HgI2表面形成了重掺杂,产生显著的隧道电流,从而形成了较理想的欧姆接触.C(石墨)化学性能稳定,电极制备工艺没有影响晶体表面质量,因此C(石墨)/HgI2接触电阻最小,并具有良好的欧姆特性.而溅射Au过程中由于温度升高引起晶体表面HgI2分子的挥发,造成晶体表面质量下降,导致Au/HgI2接触的欧姆特性变差.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备LaNiO3薄膜及其电学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在SiO2/Si衬底上制备了LaNiO3薄膜,并通过改变退火温度和薄膜厚度对其微结构和电学性能进行了表征测试.X射线衍射(XRD)和电阻率测试结果表明,随着退火温度和厚度的增加,LaNiO3薄膜的结晶质量明显提高,薄膜电阻率也逐渐下降.当退火温度为800℃时,厚度为630 nm的LaNiO3薄膜电阻率最小,达到了1.37 mQ·cm.此外,利用LaNiO3薄膜作为下电极制备的2; Nb-Pb(Zr06Ti0.4)O3薄膜呈良好的钙钛矿相结构,且经过1010铁电循环测试周期以后,2; Nb-Pb(Zr06Ti0.4)O3薄膜的铁电性能未出现明显下降,表明该LaNiO3薄膜是生长PNZT铁电薄膜的优良下电极材料.     

高Al组份AlGaN/GaN异质外延材料生长及肖特基势垒二极管制备

采用MOCVD制备了带有AlN插入层的高Al组份AlGaN/GaN异质结构外延材料,在此外延材料的基础上利用磁控溅射Ti/Al/Ti/Au欧姆接触电极,利用EB蒸镀Ni/Au肖特基接触电极制备了AlGaN/GaN SBD,对外延材料和器件的性能进行了相关测试,测试结果表明:器件开启电压约为1.1V,-10 V时反向漏电流小于0.5 μA,反向击穿电压68.3 V,器件具有非常明显的整流特性,同时有AlN插入层的器件的正向、反向特性均优于不带AlN的器件,AlN插入层可以有效地提高器件的性能.     

TiN、Ti插入层对ITO与GaN欧姆接触性能影响的研究

透明半导体铟锡氧化物(ITO)作为电极能够降低光导开关电极边缘电流集聚效应和提高脉冲激光的利用率。本文通过在ITO与GaN界面之间分别插入10 nm的Ti与TiN,研究Ti、TiN对ITO与GaN欧姆接触性能的影响。I-V测试结果表明，随着退火温度升高，插入TiN的光导开关一直保持欧姆接触特性，而插入Ti的光导开关由欧姆接触转变为肖特基接触。通过TEM测试发现，当以Ti作为插入层时，ITO通过插入层向插入层与GaN的界面扩散，在接触界面形成Ti的氧化物及空洞。透射光谱显示，不同退火温度下插入Ti层的透过率均低于38.3%,而以TiN作为插入层时透过率为38.8%～55.0%。因此含有TiN的光导开关具有更稳定的电学性能和更高的透过率，这为GaN光导开关在高温高功率领域的应用提供了参考。     

电极材料对碘化汞（α-HgI2）晶体I-V特性的影响

利用Aligent4155型CVIV测试仪分别对Au／HgI2、AuCl3（Au）／HgI2、C（石墨）／HgI2接触的I-V特性进行了测定,对比研究了不同电极材料与α—HgI2晶体所形成的接触特性,并利用热电子发射理论对实验结果进行了分析。结果表明,AuCl3和C均能与HgI2形成良好的欧姆接触,其欧姆特性系数分别为1．0291和0．9380,接触电阻分别为3．0×10^8Ω和1．0×10^8Ω;而溅射Au与HgI2接触的欧姆特性较差,欧姆系数约为0．8341,接触电阻为3．5×10^9Ω。这说明AuCl3在HgI2表面形成了重掺杂,产生显著的隧道电流,从而形成了较理想的欧姆接触。C（石墨）化学性能稳定,电极制备工艺没有影响晶体表面质量,因此C（石墨）／HgI2接触电阻最小,并具有良好的欧姆特性。而溅射Au过程中由于温度升高引起晶体表面HgI2分子的挥发,造成晶体表面质量下降,导致Au／HgI2接触的欧姆特性变差。     

Diode characteristics of Li3N-diffused ZnSe grown by MOVPE

We have fabricated a ZnSe diode using Li₃N diffusion technique for the purpose of forming p-type ZnSe. The maximum hole concentration in the Li₃N-diffused ZnSe layer, which has been grown on a GaAs substrate by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, was as high as 10¹⁸ cm⁻³. The ohmic contact to the p-type ZnSe has been demonstrated and the specific contact resistance of Au/p-ZnSe was 1 × 10⁻² Ω · cm². The Li₃N diffusion technique is useful for the bfabrication of ohmic contacts to p-ZnSe.     

Te溶剂Bridgman法CdMnTe晶体核辐射探测器的制备和表征

碲锰镉(CdMnTe)作为性能优异的室温核辐射探测器材料,可用于环境监测和工业无损检测领域。本文中采用Te溶剂Bridgman法生长In掺杂Cd_0.9Mn_0.1Te晶体,制备成10 mm×10 mm×2 mm大小的室温单平面探测器,研究了该探测器对²⁴¹Am@59.5 keV γ射线源的能谱响应。通过表征红外透过率、电阻率以及探测器能谱响应等参数,综合评定了探测器用CdMnTe晶体的质量、电学和探测器性能。结果表明,晶片的红外透过率均在55%以上,最好可达到60%。采用湿法钝化,100 V偏压下的漏电流由钝化前的9.48 nA降为钝化后的7.90 nA,钝化后的电阻率为2.832×10¹⁰ Ω·cm。在-400 V反向偏压下,CdMnTe探测器对²⁴¹Am@59.5 keV γ射线源的能量分辨率在钝化前后分别为13.53%和12.51%,钝化后的电子迁移率寿命积为1.049×10^-3 cm²/V。研究了探测器的能量分辨率随电压的变化特性,当偏压≤400 V时,探测器的能量分辨率主要由载流子的收集效率决定,而当偏压>400 V时,能量分辨率由漏电流决定。本文研究结果表明,Te溶剂Bridgman法生长的CdMnTe晶体质量较好,电阻率和电子迁移率寿命积满足探测器制备需求。     

Silicon compensation and scattering mechanisms in two-dimensional electron gases on (110)GaAs

A study of the MBE growth of (001) and (110) (Al,Ga)As is reported, and the efficiency of Si as an n-type dopant in (110)GaAs is accessed. A 40 nm spacer two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) structure grown on (110)GaAs gives a mobility of 540,000 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 4 K after illumination. The dominant scattering mechanisms in 2DEGs on (110) and (001)GaAs grown under the separate optimum growth conditions for the two orientations are compared.     

Investigation of defects in low-temperature-grown GaAs using optical transient spectroscopy

Optical transient current spectroscopy (OTCS) has been used to investigate defects in the low-temperature-grown GaAs after postgrowth rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Two samples A and B were grown at 220°C and 360°C on (0 0 1) GaAs substrates, respectively. After growth, samples were subjected to 30 s RTA in the range of 500–800°C. Before annealing, X-ray diffraction measurements show that the concentrations of the excess arsenic for samples A and B are 2.5×10¹⁹ and 1×10¹⁹ cm⁻³, respectively. It is found that there are strong negative decay signals in the optical transient current (OTC) for the annealed sample A. Due to the influence of OTC strong negative decay signals, it is impossible to identify deep levels clearly from OTCS. For a comparison, three deep levels can be identified for sample B before annealing. They are two shallower deep levels and the so-called As_Ga antisite defect. At the annealing temperature of 600°C, there are still three deep levels. However, their structures are different from those in the as-grown sample. OTC strong negative decay signals are also observed for the annealed sample B. It is argued that OTC negative decay signals are related to arsenic clusters.     

The behaviour of copper on gallium arsenide

Cu has been reported to diffuse rapidly in GaAs at low temperatures (2.3×10^-5 cm² s^-1 at 600°C). The rapid diffusion is attributed to the interstitial movement of Cu atoms. The present investigation was undertaken to examine preferential diffusion of Cu⁺ along dislocations and grain boundaries in GaAs. The experiments consisted of depositing ⁶⁴Cu on a GaAs water surface, annealing in vacuum, and observing the Cu distribution by autoradiography. From these observations no preferential diffusion along dislocations or grain boundaries was detected in SI GaAs annealed between 600 and 1000°C. In the sample annealed above 800°C, the deposited Cu reacted with the GaAs forming a liquid on the sample surface, which solidified into complex Cu-Ga-As compounds. The liquid also produced Cu-rich pipes which extended through the GaAs wafer.     

Growth of GaAs/AlGaAs HBTs by MOMBE (CBE)

In this paper, we will discuss how the unique growth chemistry of MOMBE can be used to produce high speed GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The ability to grow heavily doped, well-confined layers with carbon doping from trimethylgallium (TMG) is a significant advantage for this device. However, in addition to high p-type doping, high n-type doping is also required. While elemental Sn can be used to achieve doping levels up to 1.5×10¹⁹ cm^-3, severe segregation limits its use to surface contact layers. With tetraethyltin (TESn), however, segregation does not occur and Sn doping can be used throughout the device. Using these sources along with triethylgallium (TEG), trimethylamine alane (TMAA), and AsH₃, we have fabricated Npn devices with 2 μm×10 μm emitter stripes which show gains of ≥ 20 with either ƒ_t = 55 GHz and ƒ_max = 70 GHz or ƒ_t = 70 GHz and ƒ_max = 50 GHz, depending upon the structure. These are among the best RF values reported for carbon doped HBTs grown by any method, and are the first reported for an all-gas source MOMBE process. In addition, we have fabricated a 70 transistor decision circuit whose performance at 10 Gb/s equals or exceeds that of similar circuits made from other device technologies and growth methods. These are the first integrated circuits reported from MOMBE grown material.     

无位错Te-GaSb(100)单晶抛光衬底的晶格完整性

采用液封直拉(LEC)法批量生长的直径2英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)n型Te-GaSb(100)单晶的位错腐蚀坑密度(EPD)通常低于300 cm^-2,达到无位错水平。本文利用X射线摇摆曲线以及倒易空间图(RSM)对这种GaSb单晶抛光衬底的晶格完整性和亚表面损伤情况进行了分析表征,结果表明经过工艺条件优化的化学机械抛光处理,GaSb单晶衬底表面达到原子级光滑,不存在亚表面损伤层。利用分子束外延在这种衬底上可稳定生长出高质量的Ⅱ类超晶格外延材料并呈现出优异的红外探测性能。在此基础上,对CaSb衬底材料的物性、生长制备和衬底加工条件之间的内在关系进行了综合分析。     

Tin as an n-type dopant in the molecular beam epitaxial growth of GaAs(111)A

We have made a systematic study of the tin doping of GaAs layers grown on GaAs(111)A substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A series of samples were grown with a range of substrate temperatures (from 460 to 620°C), As:Ga flux ratios (5:1 to 25:1) and tin concentrations (10¹⁶ to 10²⁰ atoms cm⁻³). Layers grown on (111)A surfaces were n-type (in contrast to silicon doping) but with carrier concentrations dependent on growth conditions. We have used secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements to confirm the concentration of tin incorporated and its distribution within the layers.