Stilbene crystalline powder in polymer base as a new fast neutron detector

A new organic scintillation material consisting of stilbene grains in a polymer glue base is presented. The crystalline grains of stilbene are obtained by mechanical grinding of stilbene single crystals. The resulting composite scintillators have been studied as detectors for fast neutrons.     

Dynamic compressibility,release adiabats,and the equation of state of stilbene at high energy densities

The shock adiabat of porous stilbene (1,2-diphenylethylene) up to the pressure P = 41 GPa and the dynamic compressibility of this material in reflected shock waves up to 77 GPa are studied experimentally. The run of the expansion isentropes of stilbene down to 0.1 GPa is determined. The experimental findings are used to construct a semi-empiric equation of state of stilbene for a wide range of high-energy states.     

Characteristics of a stilbene scintillation crystal in a neutron spectrometer

Various organic scintillators are commonly used as the detecting material for neutrons, but these detectors are less sensitive to gamma rays. In particular, stilbene crystals and BC501A (NE213, EJ301) have good pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) between neutron and gamma-ray events, and have been selected as the media for fast-neutron detection among the organic, inorganic and plastic materials in a mixed radiation field. Although some of the scintillation characteristics of stilbene crystals have been studied, the detailed scintillation characteristics of the crystal are not completely understood. In this study, the light yield, decay time and pulse shape discrimination capability of a stilbene crystal were measured because this crystal is an optimized detector in a large flux of neutrons such as those might be found in cyclotron and charged particle accelerator facilities. The pulse-shape discrimination of neutrons and gamma rays with a stilbene crystal was measured using a ²⁵²Cf neutron source at room temperature. A neutron tagger module was used for the neutron and gamma separation using the charge comparison method in real time. The total pulse width for the charge integration and the delay from the peak-to tail start time were optimized for a better neutron and gamma separation. The relative light yield and decay time of the stilbene crystal scintillator were also measured.     

脉冲激光在有机分子材料中的共振传播

利用麦克斯韦-布洛赫耦合方程,研究了激光脉冲在4,4′-二甲氨基二苯乙烯分子材料中的共振传播,探讨了激光脉冲在传播中的时空演化情况.在数值计算中考虑了各种阻尼效应.     

芪3在铅-锡-氟磷酸盐玻璃中的聚集及光谱特性

采用低温熔融法制备了有机染料芪3掺杂的不同浓度的铅-锡-氟磷酸盐玻璃,通过对掺杂玻璃激发光谱、发射光谱和吸收光谱的测试,研究了芪3在无机玻璃中的聚集状态和光谱性能。 结果表明,有机染料芪3以单体和二聚物的形式共存于无机玻璃中,和芪3单体分子的激发峰相比,二聚物的激发峰位于短波段,随掺杂浓度的增加,掺杂玻璃的发射峰发生红移,同时在荧光光谱中观察到浓度猝灭现象;芪3分子与无机玻璃通过亲水作用发生了键合,从而导致芪3在无机玻璃中的吸收光谱和发射光谱比在乙醇溶液中出现较大红移;与芪3在乙醇溶液中的荧光强度相比,芪3分子受无机玻璃的“笼”化作用有效的提高了其荧光强度。     

Stilbene composite scintillators as detectors of fast neutrons emitted by a 252Cf source

The results of the measurements are presented of the relative efficiency ε for ²⁵²Cf fast neutron detection by composite detectors based on stilbene crystalline grains. The effects of the grain size and height of the composite detector on its scintillation properties were studied. It is shown that the efficiency of fast neutron detection of stilbene composite scintillators ranges up to 60% of that of bulk single crystals. The results are also presented for relative light output measurements of stilbene composite detectors irradiated by gamma photons of ¹³⁷Cs, as well as transmittance data of samples in the range of their transparency absorption.     

Quantum-chemical study of the spectral properties of stilbene isomers

Calculations of absorption spectra of cis-and trans-forms of stilbene by the quantum-chemical method of intermediate neglect of differential overlap with spectroscopy parametrization were carried out. The electron structure of a stilbene molecule was studied and energy-level diagrams were drawn and analyzed. Rate constants of different photophysical processes occurring in a stilbene molecule after absorption of a photon were calculated in relation to the molecule conformation. On the basis of the obtained results, possible configurations of photoisomer molecules were considered and the most probable configurations of excited stilbene molecules were determined. It was shown how the change in the configurations of cis-and trans-forms of stilbene affects its spectral properties.     

Nonlinear optical properties of stilbene and azobenzene derivatives containing azaphosphane groups

We have studied the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of some donor–acceptor molecules with stilbene and azobenzene molecules as backbone. We have used the nitro group as the acceptor and azaphosphane (R₃P=N–) as the donor group. To study the effect of variation of NLO properties, we have replaced the substituents (Rs) connected to the phosphorus atom by methyl, amine and phenyl groups. We find that both first-order polarizability and hyperpolarizabilities are larger for stilbene derivatives and is maximum for the phenyl substitution. Second-order polarizability is higher for methyl substitution. We have also obtained the two-photon absorption cross-section for these molecules. We find that both one-photon and two-photon absorption cross-sections are maximum for the same excited state (first excited state in the case of stilbene and second excited state in the case of azobenzene derivatives).     

Two-photon absorption and broadband optical limiting with bis-donor stilbenes

Large two-photon absorptivities are reported for symmetrical bis-donor stilbene derivatives with dialkylamino or diphenylamino groups. These molecules exhibit strong optical limiting of nanosecond pulses over a broad spectral range in the visible. Relative to bis(di-n-butylamino)stilbene, bis(diphenylamino)stilbene exhibits a 90-nm red shift of its optical limiting band but only a minimal shift of ~13 nm of its lowest one-photon electronic absorption band. Mixtures of these compounds offer an unprecedented combination of broad optical limiting bandwidth and high linear transparency.     

可逆光异构化双分子层及结构转变的振动光谱

通过吸收,荧光,FT红外,示差扫描量热和X光研究了双链二苯乙烯两亲分子的聚集和光异构化,获得了固态和两个溶液相的双分子层厚度,振动光谱显示在反式二苯乙烯双层的固态和溶液相中存在反式排列的氢键,而在用365nm光照后的溶液相中氢键主要是顺式排列的。亚甲基链伸缩振动则表明烷基链非常有序的排列。     

Photoinduced chirality in a photochromic stilbene-molecule-doped polymeric liquid crystal film

Photoinduced chirality has been demonstrated in thin films of a main-chain polymeric liquid crystal (PLC) system doped with photochromic stilbene molecules by irradiation with circularly polarized light (CPL). CPL-induced chirality was observed in the intrinsically achiral films which were doped with low-molecular-weight stilbene molecules. It was found that the level of photoinduced chirality of the stilbene-molecule-doped system is comparable to that of the azobenzene-molecule-doped system. Moreover, reversible photo-rewriting property for the stilbene-doped system was also demonstrated by alternating irradiation with right- and left-CPL.     

级联三能级模型下超短脉冲激光与分子相互作用的动力学研究

通过求解麦克斯韦-布洛赫方程，研究了超短脉冲激光和一维对称π共轭分子材料(4,4′-二甲氨基二苯乙烯分子)的相互作用.该分子材料具有较强的非线性光学性质，其分子的电子结构和电偶极矩是在密度泛函理论水平上利用从头计算方法得到的.研究结果表明，慢变幅近似和旋波近似不能很好地描述超短脉冲在该分子介质中的传播.在单光子共振情况下，保持入射脉冲的脉冲宽度不变，当小面积脉冲在该分子介质中传播时，二能级模型可以较好地描述脉冲激光与该分子体系的相互作用过程.但对于大面积脉冲激光，由于较明显地产生了分子的二次激发，此时分子 关键词： 超短脉冲激光 4′-二甲氨基二苯乙烯分子 三能级模型 麦克斯韦-布洛赫方程     

Luminescence and the migration of the energy of electron excitation in stilbene crystals

The dependence of the quantum luminescence yields on the concentration of impurities in crystals of stilbene with admixtures of anthracene is investigated. On the basis of the experimental results a diffusion length is calculated for the excitons as well as the probability of their capture by impurity molecules.     

硅烷偶联剂改性的芪3掺杂铅-锡-氟磷酸盐玻璃发光性能的研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KBM403对SnF2粉末进行表面改性,改性粉末的IR透射谱显示KBM403已经吸附在SnF2粉末表面,这种改性除了物理吸附外还存在微弱的化学吸附。采用溶有芪3的硅烷偶联剂KBM403对SnF2粉末进行改性,经改性的SnF2粉末有利于提高有机染料芪3掺杂的分散性。将含有芪3的改性SnF2粉末掺入低熔点铅-锡-氟磷酸盐玻璃,获得了芪3掺杂的有机/无机杂化玻璃。对玻璃的吸收、透射谱和激发发射谱进行分析,表明KBM403的介入改善了芪3在玻璃中的溶解性和分散性,减少了芪3二聚物的产生,提高了玻璃的透射率和均匀性。由于KBM403的改性减少了芪3二聚物所带来的荧光猝灭,同时KBM403与染料分子的相互作用增加了染料分子的刚性,玻璃的发光强度显著提高。     

基于DVD光头的双光子光致漂白三维光存储

基于现有的DVD光头物镜与音圈电机，根据光致漂白的双光子吸收气维光信息存储原理，以钛蓝宝石飞秒脉冲激光进行双光子光信息写入和读出，利用音圈电机进行选层，在新型光致漂白材料二苯乙烯衍生物中进行光致漂白二进制编码信息的存储和读出实验研究；实现了三层光信息存储，信息点间距和信息层间距分别为4μm和15μm；用Matlab软件读出信息的信号强度并对其进行了识别，识别结果与写入的二进制编码信息完全一致。实验证明了用DVD光头进行双光子三维光数据存储的可行性，表明双光子吸收光致漂白技术可以与现有CD／DVD兼容，为实现多层高密度和超高密度光信息存储打下基础。     

Dendrimer molecules with record large two-photon absorption cross section

We report what is to our knowledge a record high value for an intrinsic two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section, sigma(2) = 11 x 10(-47)> cm>(4)> s photon(-1) molecule(-1), measured with femtosecond pulses in a new dendrimer molecule comprising 29 repeat units of 4, 4(?)-bis(diphenylamino)stilbene chromophore. We measure the dependence of TPA on excitation wavelength in three consecutive generations of the dendrimer and show that the maximum sigma(2) value increases faster than the total number of stilbene chromophores. This result indicates that it is possible to obtain even larger sigma(2) values in higher generations of this dendrimer family.     

Die Richtungsabhängigkeit der Szintillations-Lichtausbeute von dünnen Anthrazen- und Stilben-Kristallen beim Beschuß mit α-Strahlen

The scintillation light yield of thin anthracene and stilbene crystals bombarded with α particles of ThB is investigated. A strong dependence of the light yield on the direction of incidence with respect to the crystal axes is found, confirming the results of previous measurements with thick anthracene crystals. For anthracene, maximum light yield occurs for α particles incident approximately parallel to thec′ axis. With stilbene crystals a minimum of the light output is found in thec′ direction. Furthermore, for thin anthracene crystals the direction of maximum light output depends slightly on the crystal thickness.     

Theory of Direct Photoisomerization of Stilbene

A microscopic model for describing the direct trans-cis photoisomerization of stilbene is developed and an interpretation of the experimental results found from time-resolved fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy of stilbene in solution is given. According to this model the photoisomerization of trans-stilbene is proposed to involve the radiationless transition from the trans singlet state S₁(trans), prepared by direct optical excitation, into the perp singlet state S₁ (perp) and the radiationless decay of this state into the quasi-isoenergetic trans triplet state T₄ (trans).     

Specific features of photoprocesses in molecules with a styryl group

Rate constants of photophysical processes are calculated for molecules with a styryl group (stilbene (styrylbenzene), 4-trans-styrylbiphenyl, 4-trans-styrylterphenyl, and 1,4-distyrylbenzene) using an original method based on the theory of nonradiative transitions. The values for calculations are obtained using a software package based on the method of intermediate neglect of differential overlap with spectroscopic parametrization. The results make it possible to numerically estimate the molecular parameters and effect of substituents. Torsional and twist rotations are simulated in the fluorescence structure of trans-stilbene, and the effect of these rotations on the rates of photoprocesses is analyzed. The results additionally contribute to the interpretation of excitation-energy relaxation and photoisomerization of stilbene.