综合研究性实验试题:高温超导体特性测量综合实验

为了全面考察大学生的综合物理实验的水平,设计了高温超导体特性研究实验试题.实验提供了3个条带样品,要求学生根据超导体的特性,快速地找出其中的高温超导样品,并且设计实验方案,测量超导体样品的电阻随温度变化的关系曲线,确定该超导样品的临界温度.介绍了竞赛试题的实验内容并且给出解答,分析了参赛学生的实验考试结果.     

高Tc超导材料YBCO临界温度测量方法

本文讨论了高温超导材料临界温度的测量原理和方法,采用动态法测量了钇钡铜氧(YBCO)超导体材料的电阻—温度特性,文中给出了测量结果并对其进行了讨论分析。     

高温超导体环流演示仪

利用永磁铁对超导样品进行激励,产生的超导环流不衰减,由此原理制做了高温超导环流演示仪,该仪器可演示零电阻现象、环流磁场及超导体电阻与温度的关系.     

高温超导带材最优焊接长度设计北大核心CSCD

高温超导体在需要高磁场的环境中变得越来越有吸引力,其相较于低温超导体有更高的临界磁场上限.在现今高温超导研究领域,高温超导带材以及线圈之间大多都需要焊接,而焊接电阻的存在严重影响了高温超导体工作时的稳定性与持续性.本文针对两种不同规格的第二代高温超导带材YBCO,在同种焊锡下设计不同的焊接长度进行实验,对实验的结果进行分段分析,根据实验结果,得到不同焊接长度下第二代高温超导带材YBCO的焊接电阻分布,利用最小二乘法拟合出焊接电阻-焊接长度的分布函数.提出了一个新的指标Rd用以表征焊接电阻随焊接长度的变化趋势,并且用黄金分割法求出随着焊接长度的增加,焊接电阻变化率的分布情况.进一步得出了各种焊接电阻变化率条件下的最优焊接长度.着重分析了两种规格的高温超导带材YBCO分别在不同的焊接长度条件下的焊接电阻变化情况,最终得到不同规格高温超导带材YBCO分别的最优焊接长度选择方案.     

高温超导带材最优焊接长度设计

高温超导体在需要高磁场的环境中变得越来越有吸引力,其相较于低温超导体有更高的临界磁场上限.在现今高温超导研究领域,高温超导带材以及线圈之间大多都需要焊接,而焊接电阻的存在严重影响了高温超导体工作时的稳定性与持续性.本文针对两种不同规格的第二代高温超导带材YBCO,在同种焊锡下设计不同的焊接长度进行实验,对实验的结果进行分段分析,根据实验结果,得到不同焊接长度下第二代高温超导带材YBCO的焊接电阻分布,利用最小二乘法拟合出焊接电阻-焊接长度的分布函数.提出了一个新的指标Rd用以表征焊接电阻随焊接长度的变化趋势,并且用黄金分割法求出随着焊接长度的增加,焊接电阻变化率的分布情况.进一步得出了各种焊接电阻变化率条件下的最优焊接长度.着重分析了两种规格的高温超导带材YBCO分别在不同的焊接长度条件下的焊接电阻变化情况,最终得到不同规格高温超导带材YBCO分别的最优焊接长度选择方案.     

基于LabVIEW的高温超导材料特性测试实验

高温超导体临界特性的测量是近代物理实验中最为经典的实验之一,本文通过使用GM制冷机,利用Lab-VIEW虚拟仪器软件和高性能采集卡,改进了传统的测量高温超导材料临界特性的实验装置.本测试系统不仅可以测量高温超导体在不同温度下的临界电流,还可以测量其失超传播特性.该实验对于学生了解超导体特性和培养严谨的科学作风十分有益.     

高临界温度超导体研究进展介绍

1987年2月20日,中国科学院物理研究所赵忠贤、陈立泉等获得新的Ba基氧化物超导体,经过多次反复实验,表明该超导体的起始转变温度高达100K以上,从而在高临界温度超导体研究方面又一次获得重大突破. 新的超导体的主要成分包括钡、钇、铜、氧四种元素[Ba_xY_(5-x)　Cu_5　O_5(3-y)]。样品的制备采用了新的工艺和新技术[1].超导转变温度的测量采用标准四引线电阻法和低频交流互感法.图1是采用这两种方法得到的超导转变曲线.由图1可以看出,样品的电阻起始转变温度在100K以上(电阻由线性变化过渡到非线性变化时的温度在 110K附近),中点转变温…     

非线性电阻特性实验的探讨

采用两种方法和两种电表研究非线性电阻特性的实验,使学生了解磁电式仪表和数字式仪表的结构和性能,了解电表内阻、电路本身的电阻及接点电阻产生的误差及其消除方法,了解采用各种方法和电表的优缺点.     

准各向同性高温超导股线的弯曲特性研究

主要研究了各向同性高温超导股线在77K、自场下的弯曲特性。首先阐述了各向同性高温超导股线的结构特点,分析了在弯曲状态下股线内部超导体不同区域的弯曲情况并建立了单根带材侧向弯曲的几何模型。在此基础上,对单根带材样品进行侧向弯曲实验,测量其在不同弯曲半径下的临界电流并分析其衰减情况,得到带材的临界弯曲半径。然后对各向同性高温超导股线样品进行弯曲特性实验,确定了超导股线的最小弯曲半径,该超导股线在电力传输及大型超导磁体方面具有潜在应用价值。     

电力系统动模实验用50kJ高温超导储能磁体的设计研究

介绍了 2 0 K下对电力系统动模实验用 5 0 k J高温超导储能磁体的设计步骤 ,给出了用 Bi- 2 2 2 3单根超导带进行5 0 k J磁体线圈的设计和优化结果 ,分析了高温超导体的各向异性对磁体临界电流的影响和磁体漏磁的分布 ,并讨论了用单根高温超导带组成的超导体和用多根高温超导带组成的超导体设计的储能磁体的特性参数对改善电力系统动态特性的能力的影响。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.