Vernier阳极设计与成像模拟

光子计数成像探测器作为探测微弱光的重要手段,由微通道板,解码阳极以及后续的读出电路组成,其中解码阳极的性能直接影响着探测器的成像质量。作为一种电荷分割型阳极,Vernier阳极利用周期性的正弦电极区域替代了楔条形阳极(WSA)的线性电极,可获得高的成像分辨率和大的电极活动区域。根据Vernier阳极的设计原理对Vernier阳极进行了仿真和设计,首先,介绍了矢量形式的阳极解码,确定了阳极设计参量为阳极周期长度,电极振幅及电极波长;其次,分析了各阳极设计参量对探测器成像的影响,利用Labview软件分别模拟了电子云,Vernier阳极板以及其相互作用成像情况,确定了Vernier阳极周期长度与粗调波长之间的关系以及设计参数一定时,成像达到最佳的电子云大小,依照模拟结果和实际的加工条件,设计和制备了周期为891 μm,绝缘沟道为25 μm,振幅为50 μm,粗调数为5的九路Vernier阳极。     

Vernier型光子计数探测器阳极电容仿真与试验研究

根据Vernier型光子技术探测器的工作原理, 论述了电子云质心解码与阳极面板形成的微小极间电容和电路前端噪声有着密切的关系; 根据泊松方程, 建立了Vernier阳极的数学模型. 利用有限元软件ANSYS计算出同面多电极不规则图形的电容值与极间电容值, 解决了如何计算不规则形状电容值的问题; 利用皮秒激光器在镀有金膜的石英基底上刻蚀出与仿真参数一致的Vernier型阳极, 并测量其电容值. 将测量电容值与仿真值进行比较, 验证了建立模型的正确性, 优化了Vernier阳极的设计参数.     

Research on front-end electronics gain compensation of MCP imaging detector北大核心CSCD

基于微通道板电子倍增电荷分割型阳极的成像探测器常用于行星大气、气辉等微弱信号探测。针对探测器读出电路增益不相等导致探测器成像产生畸变的问题,利用理论分析结合MATLAB仿真揭示了不同畸变图像的形成机制,在该基础上提出了一种探测器读出电路增益补偿方法减小探测器成像畸变。通过MATLAB仿真和实验测试结果表明该文提出的方法能够有效减小由于读出电路增益不相等导致的探测器成像畸变。     

电荷云尺寸对紫外光子计数成像探测器性能的影响

微通道板出射电荷云尺寸与微通道板增益、微通道板输出面和楔条形阳极间距离以及阳极加速电压等因素有关.到达阳极的电荷云尺寸对紫外光子计数探测器的成像性能有重要影响.本文研究了电荷云尺寸对紫外光子计数成像系统成像性能的影响,论述了调制畸变和"S"畸变两种图像畸变及其产生的原因,采用蒙特卡洛方法模拟了不同尺寸的电荷云对阳极解码的影响.实验测试了微通道板和阳极间距离、微通道板增益以及阳极加速电压对紫外光子计数成像系统成像性能的影响,并给出了实际解决调制畸变和"S"畸变的有效方法. 关键词： 光子计数成像 楔条形阳极 微通道板 阳极探测器     

楔条形阳极探测器的性能测试与分析

对研制出的楔条形阳极探测器进行了性能分析与实验测试,分析了引起成像畸变的三个重要因素：到达阳极的电子云半径大小、阳极的电容耦合效应和电子读出电路的性能.电子云半径的过大或过小会相应引起成像的 “S”畸变或调制畸变,电容耦合效应和电路噪音也均会引起成像的畸变.此外,测试了探测器的暗计数率、线性度以及空间分辨率等性能,同时分析了微通道板在光照情况下的增益特性和暗计数的一般特性及其产生原因.测试结果表明探测器的成像畸变很小、线性关系较好,空间分辨率优于150 μm,微通道板的暗计数率低于0.4 count/s*cm2.     

基于微通道板的二维成像探测器

本文介绍了基于微通道板的二维成像探测器的基本原理、结构,制作了有效面积直径达70毫米的微通道板延迟线探测器,并利用辐射源对研制的探测器位置分辨等性能进行了测试,得到的最好位置分辨为0.1毫米;讨论了进一步优化探测器性能的方法.     

光子计数成像探测器位敏阳极研究

楔条形位敏阳极属于电荷分割型阳极,其在光子计数成像探测器中的作用是对光子事件进行位置解码,阳极性能参数对探测器的成像性能有重要影响。对楔条形位敏阳极的极间电容进行研究,通过理论模型得到了阳极极间电容的计算表达式;设计并制作了不同参数的阳极面板,测试分析了阳极周期长度、绝缘沟道宽度、阳极收集面积和衬底材料等因素与阳极极间电容间的关系。阳极极间电容测试结果与理论计算值相符,极间电容计算值与测试值之间的偏差在10%以内。     

基于电容分割的光子计数成像探测器读出阳极优化设计及仿真

本文提出了一种基于电荷电容分割位置分辨原理的光子位置读出阳极,能够大幅提高该类探测器的空间分辨率和光子计数率。首先,介绍了影响现有光子计数成像探测器成像性能的关键因素,分析了采用电容分割位置分辨方法的优势;其次,对电荷电容分割原理展开了理论推导,分析了光子位置与阳极读出信号变化的空间位置的相关性;再次,在理论推导的基础上,分析了电容分割读出阳极相关物理参数对其空间位置分辨能力的影响;然后,提出了电容分割位置分辨阳极的优化设计原则,并设计了一种新型的基于电容分割的二维光子位置读出阳极。最后,利用有限元仿真工具COMSOL建立了该电容阳极的模型,进行了位置分辨原理仿真,并评估了空间分辨的准确性。仿真结果表明:阳极的位置分辨误差小于50μm,中心区域的位置分辨误差小于5μm,阳极的位置分辨性能优良。     

基于微通道板的二维成像探测器

本介绍了基于微通道板的二维成像探测器的基本原理、结构，制作了有效面积直径达70毫米的微通道板延迟线探测器，并利用辐射源对研制的探测器位置分辨等性能进行了测试，得到的最好位置分辨为0．1毫米；讨论了进一步优化探测器性能的方法。     

感应读出方式紫外光子计数成像技术的研究

搭建了感应读出方式紫外光子计数成像系统,详细介绍了该系统的组成、工作原理和分辨率性能测试.紫外光经过减光和滤光后入射微通道板,产生的光电子在微通道板内倍增后形成电子云,由呈高阻特性的半导体Ge薄膜收集后,通过电荷耦合感应到Ge膜衬底背面的位敏阳极.阳极输出的信号经过电荷灵敏前置放大器、整形放大器后由计算机进行数据采集和处理,最后得到不同位置的光子计数图像.通过分辨率板,测得了该系统分辨率为150 μm,并通过对比试验和分布式RC网络理论模型分析了Ge膜电阻及其衬底厚度对系统性能的影响.该系统在生物超微 关键词： 光子计数成像 电荷感应 Ge膜 位敏阳极     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.