多发射机在大气激光通信中的应用

大气湍流引起的光强闪烁会严重影响大气激光通信系统的性能,使误码率增加。研究表明误码率随对数振幅方差（湍流强度）的增加而上升,为了减小误码率,可以采用多点发射以减小大气湍流对系统的影响,从而提高系统的可靠性。     

大气闪烁对无线光CDMA通信系统性能的影响

将光CDMA技术应用到无线光通信中。提出了基于脉冲位置调制的二维大气无线光CDMA通信系统，并分析了该通信系统的性能。考虑多用户干扰、APD噪声以及热噪声等干扰因素的影响，采用数值分析的方法，详细分析了大气湍流引起的大气闪烁对二维无线光CDMA通信系统误码率的影响。结果表明，大气闪烁是影响二维无线光CDMA系统误码率性能的一个重要因素；当大气闪烁的对数方差较小(如σ2s=0.1)时，该系统可以实现高速率通信；当大气闪烁的对数方差较大(σ2s≥0.2)时，在有限的光功率条件下，该系统难以实现通信，需要采用信道编码技术来提高系统的误码率性能。     

空间激光通信中光强起伏尺度特征的数值分析

利用数值模拟的方法,定量地计算分析了空间激光通信中光强起伏问题,得到了准直光束与聚焦光束光强起伏相关距离（不均匀元半径）随大气相十长度变化的结果;进而分别从接收效率和性价比等不同的角度对激光通信系统接收孔径选取的参考因素进行了探讨。根据现代光通信对误码率的最低要求定义最佳接收孔径,计算分析了聚焦光束空间激光通信系统最佳接收孔径随大气相干长度r0的变化关系。结果表明,最佳接收孔径随大气相干长度的减小而迅速增大。对于聚集光束空间激光通信而言,在大气相干长度ro约为4cm的强湍流效应情况下,通信系统的接收孔径接近5倍艾里斑直径,才能满足国际电信联盟-电信标准部对光通信的最低要求。     

大气激光通信链路的性能仿真

大气衰减和大气湍流严重影响着大气激光通信的链路质量。建立了大气信道的激光通信链路模型，研究了衰减信道和湍流信道中光链路的传输影响，对最大通信速率、链路功率余量和误码率进行了分析和计算。结果表明，大气湍流严重影响系统误码率，当大气闪烁指数斫是0．07时，可达到的最小误码率为10^-9。分析结果可为系统设计提供参考依据。     

信号光束宽度对不同漂移误差的空间光通信系统误码率影响的研究

信号光束宽度直接影响着空间光通信系统误码性能,光束宽度的选择需要综合考虑多种因素。研究了激光在大气湍流中的光束漂移、光强闪烁和平均光强与光束宽度的关系,得到考虑漂移因素的光强闪烁和平均光强与光束宽度的关系。分析表明在弱湍流条件下,光强闪烁和平均光强与光束宽度和对准精度相关,讨论了在水平路径上未跟踪补偿和跟踪补偿的光束的光强闪烁和平均光强随光束宽度的变化趋势。利用数值方法得到光强闪烁最小、平均光强最大时的光束宽度取值区间,通过光强概率分布关系和实际应用要求实现了光束宽度的优化选取。结果表明,在相同系统信噪比情况下,跟踪光束与未跟踪光束相比,系统误码率低,光束宽度值相对较小,取值区间大。     

部分相干光通过强湍流对光强闪烁的影响

在Rytov方差的基础上，利用Andrews的唯像闪烁模型，推导出部分相干光通过强大气湍流后的对数光强起伏方差，并在此基础上进行了仿真。结果表明：与光源的相干性变差，即变为部分相干光后，对数光强起伏方差变小；当采用多束部分相干光通过大气湍流时，接收面上光强起伏方差得到明显改善，而且光束越多，改善越明显。但利用部分相干光通信时，传输距离受限制，所以，光源的相干参数选择要适当。     

斜程大气湍流中漫射目标的散射特性

根据推广的惠更斯-菲涅尔原理及ITU-R大气结构常数模型(2001年国际电信联盟提出的随高度变化的大气结构常数模型),考虑了大气湍流对激光从发射机到目标和从目标到接收机双程路径的影响,研究了大气湍流中漫射目标的激光波束散射问题,导出了考虑对数振幅起伏和相位占优情况下在斜程大气湍流中传输时激光波束散射场的互相关函数、强度协方差和强度方差的计算公式,并给出了数值计算结果.数值分析了波长、接收机高度和传播距离对强度协方差和归一化强度方差的影响. 关键词： 激光散射 斜程湍流 强度方差 强度协方差     

大气激光通信中多光束传输性能分析和信道建模

多光束传输技术是克服大气激光通信中大气湍流效应的有效途径之一。首先从理论上分析了大气湍流对多光束大气激光通信系统性能的影响和多光束大气传输的光强起伏特性,然后利用统计分析的方法,建立了一个以传输距离z、光束数目n、发射孔径之间的距离St、接收孔径Dr等为参量的多光束大气传输信道模型。最后,结合相关文献提供的实验结果对该信道模型进行了实验验证和误码性能分析。结果表明,当S1≥√λz或Dr远大于大气湍流相干长度ρo时,随着n的增大,接收光强将趋于对数正态分布．降低了大气激光通信系统的误码率,从而验证了多光束传输对于克服大气湍流影响的有效性。     

Gamma-gamma海洋各向异性湍流下脉冲位置调制无线光通信的误码率研究

采用脉冲位置调制(pulse position modulation, PPM)的水下激光通信系统模型,根据弱大气湍流球面波闪烁指数与弱海洋湍流球面波闪烁指数相等的关系,推导出海洋湍流参数和各向异性因子表示的结构参数,利用该结构参数结合已有大气湍流中的平均光功率公式,计算各向异性海洋湍流的平均光功率;此外,基于PPM通信系统误码率(bit error rate, BER)公式、gamma-gamma湍流信道和渐近Rytov理论,数值模拟研究了在不同的各向异性海洋湍流下,海洋湍流参数、平均雪崩光电二极管(avalanche photodiode, APD)增益、PPM调制阶数M、数据比特率对误码率的影响.结果表明,随着温度与盐度对功率谱变化贡献之比、温度方差耗散率和比特率的增加,误码率增大;当黏度系数增加时,误码率减小;但是随着平均APD增益的增加,误码率先减小后增大;当海洋湍流各向异性增大到一定程度时,误码率并不随着湍流动能耗散率的增加而一直减小;海洋湍流的各向异性因子越强,误码率越小.     

部分相干光在大气湍流中的光强闪烁效应

以修正Rytov方法为基础,利用部分相干高斯-谢尔(GSM)光束模型并结合Andrews的唯像闪烁模型,研究部分相干光在大气湍流中的光强闪烁效应。推导出适用于不同湍流情形的部分相干光对数光强起伏方差表达式,系统分析了部分相干光在大气湍流中的光强起伏方差。结果表明:在同等的湍流环境下,部分相干光比完全相干光的光强起伏方差要小;光束相干性越差,光强起伏越小,抗湍流能力越强。在不同大气湍流情形下,光源相干性、大气折射率常数等参数对光强起伏都有不同程度的影响。     

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be, ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 μBq m⁻³ on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of ¹³⁷Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of ¹³⁷Cs — are discussed.     

Scale-free phenomenon in industries in China

In this paper, we investigate the data of industries in China and find that the frequency distributions of fixed assets and fixed-assets’ investment of industries obey power laws. We show that these power-law modes can be explained by the rules of the Simon Model, rather than the existing investment theories such as the classical investment theory or acceleration principle. Moreover, the mechanism of the investment distribution may be similar to the forest-fire model of self-organizing criticality. By introducing the complex system methods, this research changes the traditional opinion of the investment and gains some meaningful understanding in the dynamics of industries and the economic cycle.     

国内CIDEP研究进展

化学诱导动态电子极化（CIDEP）是检测瞬态顺磁粒子并表征其特征的强有力的手段,对于研究光化学和光物理瞬态过程的微观机理和规律有重要意义. 本文较为详细地总结了4种常见的CIDEP机理,讨论了各种极化谱及相应的极化条件;简要介绍了国内研究小组在CIDEP理论以及在均相溶液和微复相体系中光化学过程的CIDEP研究成果.      

On phase-coherence in rescattering in multiphoton ionization and in higher-order harmonic generation

Summary  The recently discovered plateau and rings in high-order multiphoton ionization apparently have their origin in rescattering. Similarly, rescattering is involved in higher-order harmonic generation. Using a simple one-dimensional model, it is shown that the phase-coherence in this rescattering process is of considerable importance. The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction. This work has been supported by the East-West Program of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and by the Austrian Ministry of Science and Transportation under project no. 45.372/2-IV/6/97. One of us (JZK) acknowledges the support of the Polish Committee of Scientific Research (grant KBN 2 P03B 007 13).     

Absorption in the final state in reactions and decays in the medium

The role of strong absorption of particles in intermediate and final states has been considered. The range of applicability of phenomenological models of absorption has been studied. This model is nonuniversal. Its applicability depends on the type of interaction Hamiltonian and matrix element used. We also demonstrate that the violation of the unitarity condition can produce a qualitative error in the results. The absorption (decay) in the final state does not tend to suppress the total process probability as well as the probability of the channel corresponding to absorption. This is true for the reactions, decays and nˉ conversion in the medium.     

室内声学中散射研究进展

近20年,界面散射研究在声场预测、定量测量和产品研发等方面取得了重要进展,加深了我 们对散射及其作用的认识。人们可以定量地评估、设计和优化散射产品,用更加丰富的手法进行室内 音质设计。     

Synergism in electron gas in crossed fields

An electron gas in crossed electric and magnetic fields of arbitrary strength is considered in the framework of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It is known that more than one independent frequency existing in a system, which are of comparable magnitude, can generate coherent synergic radiation. In the present system three independent frequencies exist: viz the synchrotron frequency due to the magnetic field, the hopping frequency due to the electric field, and the plasma frequency. It is shown that all these can combine to generate a new synergic coherent radiation. The results also show the possibility of interpreting the quantum nature of Hall conductance as due to density function alone. Besides these, the solution admits the Schubnikov-de Haas oscillation of the electrical conductivity due to change in the fields.     

Intermolecular interactions in acetonitrile in a liquid and in a low-temperature argon matrix

IR spectra of acetonitrile embedded in an argon matrix and in a liquid are recorded. IR spectra of specimens obtained with different concentrations of acetonitrile in argon are analyzed. The spectral region of C≡N vibrations of 2200–2300 cm⁻¹ with bands of monomers and possible associates is investigated. Overlap with the band of a hot transition on the low-frequency side is responsible for the pronounced asymmetry of the band ν(C≡N). To whom correspondence should be addressed. St. Petersburg State Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics (Technical University), 14, Sablinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 627–631, September–October, 1999.     

Frequency-doubling in self-induced waveguides in lithium niobate

Efficient frequency-doubling is experimentally demonstrated in presence of beam self-trapping in congruent lithium niobate crystal. The self-trapping is induced by the generated second harmonic beam via photorefractive effect under an external applied field. The local space charge field distribution, formed by the second harmonic beam, is shown to efficiently trap both wavelengths. The dynamics of self-focusing is studied along with the power evolution of the second harmonic beam. Fast tuning of phase matching conditions in the written waveguide is realized by an externally applied voltage also used for the photorefractive confinement.