Bounded differential forms,generalized Milnor–Wood inequality and an application to deformation rigidity

We establish sufficient conditions for a cohomology class of a discrete subgroup Γ of a connected semisimple Lie group with finite center to be representable by a bounded differential form on the quotient by Γ of the associated symmetric space; furthermore if \(\rho : \Gamma\to\mathrm{PU}(1,q)\) is any representation of any discrete subgroup Γ of SU (1, p), we give an explicit closed bounded differential form on the quotient by Γ of complex hyperbolic space which is a representative for the pullback via ρ of the Kähler class of PU(1,q). If G,G′ are Lie groups of Hermitian type, we generalize to representations \(\rho : \Gamma\to G'\) of lattices Γ < G the invariant defined in [Burger, M., Iozzi, A.: Bounded cohomology and representation variates in PU (1,n). Preprint announcement, April 2000] for which we establish a Milnor–Wood type inequality. As an application we study maximal representations into PU(1, q) of lattices in SU(1,1).     

On a question of Külshammer for representations of finite groups in reductive groups

Let G be a simple algebraic group of type G₂ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. We give an example of a finite group Γ with Sylow 2-subgroup Γ₂ and an infinite family of pairwise non-conjugate homomorphisms ρ: Γ → G whose restrictions to Γ₂ are all conjugate. This answers a question of Burkhard Külshammer from 1995. We also give an action of Γ on a connected unipotent group V such that the map of 1-cohomologies H¹(Γ, V) → H¹(Γ_p, V) induced by restriction of 1-cocycles has an infinite fibre.     

Invariant random subgroups of linear groups

Let Γ < GL _n (_F) be a countable non-amenable linear group with a simple, center free Zariski closure. Let Sub(Γ) denote the space of all subgroups of Γ with the compact, metric, Chabauty topology. An invariant random subgroup (IRS) of Γ is a conjugation invariant Borel probability measure on Sub(Γ). An IRS is called non-trivial if it does not have an atom in the trivial group, i.e. if it is non-trivial almost surely. We denote by IRS⁰(Γ) the collection of all non-trivial IRS on Γ.

Theorem 0.1: With the above notation, there exists a free subgroup F < Γ and a non-discrete group topology on Γ such that for every μ ∈ IRS⁰(Γ) the following properties hold:

μ-almost every subgroup of Γ is open

• F ·Δ = Γ for μ-almost every Δ ∈ Sub(Γ).
• F ∩ Δ is infinitely generated, for every open subgroup. In particular, this holds for μ-almost every Δ ∈ Sub(Γ).
• The map

Φ: (Sub(Γ), μ) → (Sub(F),Φ*μ) Δ → Δ ∩ F is an F-invariant isomorphism of probability spaces.A more technical version of this theorem is valid for general countable linear groups. We say that an action of Γ on a probability space, by measure preserving transformations, is almost surely non-free (ASNF) if almost all point stabilizers are non-trivial.Corollary 0.2: Let Γ be as in the Theorem above. Then the product of finitely many ASNF Γ-spaces, with the diagonal Γ action, is ASNF.Corollary 0.3: Let Γ < GL_n(F) be a countable linear group, A Δ Γ the maximal normal amenable subgroup of Γ — its amenable radical. If μ ∈ IRS(Γ) is supported on amenable subgroups of Γ, then in fact it is supported on Sub(A). In particular, if A(Γ) = <e> then Δ = <e>, μ almost surely.     

Different prime <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-ideals and IFP <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Ideals

We provide some characterizations of completely prime (completely semiprime) and 3-prime (3-semiprime) N-groups. The relationship between a 3-prime (completely prime) N-ideal P of an N-group Γ and the ideal (P: Γ) of the near-ring N is investigated. Moreover, the notion of IFP N-ideal is defined. We prove that the concept of IFP N-ideal occurs naturally where N is a left permutable (left self distributive, subcommutative) near-ring and Γ a monogenic N-group. Also, we obtain some relationships between an IFP N-ideal P of an N-group Γ and the ideal (P: Γ) of the near-ring N.     

Properly discontinuous group actions on affine homogeneous spaces

Let G be a real algebraic group, H ≤ G an algebraic subgroup containing a maximal reductive subgroup of G, and Γ a subgroup of G acting on G/H by left translations. We conjecture that Γ is virtually solvable provided its action on G/H is properly discontinuous and ΓG/H is compact, and we confirm this conjecture when G does not contain simple algebraic subgroups of rank ≥2. If the action of Γ on G/H (which is isomorphic to an affine linear space Aⁿ) is linear, our conjecture coincides with the Auslander conjecture. We prove the Auslander conjecture for n ≤ 5.     

Weighted Norm Inequalities for Spectral Multipliers on Graphs

Let Γ be a graph endowed with a reversible Markov kernel p, whose associated operator P is defined by \(Pf(x) = {\sum }_{y} p(x, y)f(y)\). We assume that the kernels p_n(x, y) associated to Pⁿ satisfy Gaussian upper bounds but do not assume they satisfy the Hölder continuity property and the temporal regularity. Denote by L = I ? P the discrete Laplacian on Γ. This article shows the weighted weak type (1, 1) estimates and the weighted L^p norm inequalities for the spectral multipliers of L. We also obtain the weighted L^p norm inequalities for the commutators of the spectral multipliers of L with BMO functions which are new even for the unweighted case.     

Martin Boundary of a Fine Domain and a Fatou-Naïm-Doob Theorem for Finely Superharmonic Functions

Let Γ be a graph with the doubling property for the volume of balls and P a reversible random walk on Γ. We introduce H¹ Hardy spaces of functions and 1-forms adapted to P and prove various characterizations of these spaces. We also characterize the dual space of H¹ as a BMO-type space adapted to P. As an application, we establish H¹ and H¹- L¹ boundedness of the Riesz transform.     

Quasirecognition by prime graph of <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript>10</Subscript>(2)

Let G be a finite group. The prime graph of G is denoted by Γ(G). The main result we prove is as follows: If G is a finite group such that Γ(G) = Γ(L ₁₀(2)) then G/O ₂(G) is isomorphic to L ₁₀(2). In fact we obtain the first example of a finite group with the connected prime graph which is quasirecognizable by its prime graph. As a consequence of this result we can give a new proof for the fact that the simple group L ₁₀(2) is uniquely determined by the set of its element orders.     

The Folded (2<Emphasis Type="Italic">D</Emphasis> + 1)-cube and Its Uniform Posets

Let Γ denote the folded (2D + 1)-cube with vertex set X and diameter D ≥ 3. Fix x ∈ X. We first define a partial order ≤ on X as follows. For y, z ∈ X let y ≤ z whenever ?(x, y) + ?(y, z) = ?(x, z). Let R (resp. L) denote the raising matrix (resp. lowering matrix) of Γ. Next we show that there exists a certain linear dependency among RL², LRL,L²R and L for each given Q-polynomial structure of Γ. Finally, we determine whether the above linear dependency structure gives this poset a uniform structure or strongly uniform structure.     

Quasirecognition by prime graph of the simple group <Superscript>2</Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">G</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>)

Let G be a finite group. The main result of this paper is as follows: If G is a finite group, such that Γ(G) = Γ(²G₂(q)), where q = 3²ⁿ⁺¹ for some n ≥ 1, then G has a (unique) nonabelian composition factor isomorphic to ² G ₂(q). We infer that if G is a finite group satisfying |G| = |² G ₂(q)| and Γ(G) = Γ (² G ₂(q)) then G ? = ² G ₂(q). This enables us to give new proofs for some theorems; e.g., a conjecture of W. Shi and J. Bi. Some applications of this result are also considered to the problem of recognition by element orders of finite groups.     

Existence of the Boundary Value of a Polyharmonic Function

We establish a criterion for existence of an L₂-limit and a weak L₂-limit of a polyharmonic function on a regular analytic boundary of a bounded plane domain.     

The number of Hamiltonian decompositions of regular graphs

A Hamilton cycle in a graph Γ is a cycle passing through every vertex of Γ. A Hamiltonian decomposition of Γ is a partition of its edge set into disjoint Hamilton cycles. One of the oldest results in graph theory is Walecki’s theorem from the 19th century, showing that a complete graph K _n on an odd number of vertices n has a Hamiltonian decomposition. This result was recently greatly extended by Kühn and Osthus. They proved that every r-regular n-vertex graph Γ with even degree r = cn for some fixed c > 1/2 has a Hamiltonian decomposition, provided n = n(c) is sufficiently large. In this paper we address the natural question of estimating H(Γ), the number of such decompositions of Γ. Our main result is that H(Γ) = r ^(1+o(1))nr/2. In particular, the number of Hamiltonian decompositions of K _n is \({n^{\left( {1 + o\left( 1 \right)} \right){n^2}/2}}\).     

2-Recognizability by prime graph of <Emphasis Type="Italic">PSL</Emphasis>(2, <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript>)

Let G be a finite group and let Γ(G) be the prime graph of G. Assume p prime. We determine the finite groups G such that Γ(G) = Γ(PSL(2, p ²)) and prove that if p ≠ 2, 3, 7 is a prime then k(Γ(PSL(2, p ²))) = 2. We infer that if G is a finite group satisfying |G| = |PSL(2, p ²)| and Γ(G) = Γ(PSL(2, p ²)) then G ? PSL(2, p ²). This enables us to give new proofs for some theorems; e.g., a conjecture of W. Shi and J. Bi. Some applications are also considered of this result to the problem of recognition of finite groups by element orders.     

A Note on Time-Decay Estimates for the Compressible Navier–Stokes Equations

In the recent work, we have developed a decay framework in general L~p critical spaces and established optimal time-decay estimates for barotropic compressible Navier–Stokes equations. Those decay rates of L~q-L~r type of the solution and its derivatives are available in the critical regularity framework, which were exactly firstly observed by Matsumura Nishida, and subsequently generalized by Ponce for solutions with high Sobolev regularity. We would like to mention that our approach is likely to be effective for other hyperbolic/parabolic systems that are encountered in fluid mechanics or mathematical physics. In this paper, a new observation is involved in the high frequency, which enables us to improve decay exponents for the high frequencies of solutions.     

Cannon–Thurston maps for hyperbolic free group extensions

This paper gives a detailed analysis of the Cannon–Thurston maps associated to a general class of hyperbolic free group extensions. Let F denote a free group of finite rank at least 3 and consider a convex cocompact subgroup Γ ≤ Out(F), i.e. one for which the orbit map from Γ into the free factor complex of F is a quasi-isometric embedding. The subgroup Γ determines an extension E_Γ of F, and the main theorem of Dowdall–Taylor [DT14] states that in this situation E_Γ is hyperbolic if and only if Γ is purely atoroidal.     

On low discrepancy sequences and low discrepancy ergodic transformations of the multidimensional unit cube

In this paper we describe a third class of low discrepancy sequences. Using a lattice Γ ? ? ^s , we construct Kronecker-like and van der Corput-like ergodic transformations T _1,Γ and T _2,Γ of [0, 1) ^s . We prove that for admissible lattices Γ, (T _ν,Γ ⁿ (x))_n≥0 is a low discrepancy sequence for all x ∈ [0, 1) ^s and ν ∈ {1, 2}. We also prove that for an arbitrary polyhedron P ? [0, 1) ^s , for almost all lattices Γ ∈ L _s = SL(s,?)/SL(s, ?) (in the sense of the invariant measure on L _s ), the following asymptotic formula

$\# \{ 0 \le n < N:T_{v,\Gamma }^n(x) \in P\} = NvolP + O({(\ln N)^{s + \varepsilon }}),N \to \infty$

holds with arbitrary small ? > 0, for all x ∈ [0, 1) ^s , and ν ∈ {1, 2}.

     

Some properties of Van Koch’s curves

We investigate the properties of an integral operator T with a Cauchy kernel. The operator acts from L ^∞(Γ, μ), where Γ is a Van Koch curve, to the space of functions ? → ?. We prove that the range of T is nontrivial and lies in the space AC(Γ) of functions continuous in ?, vanishing at ∞, and analytic outside Γ. We also show that T is injective and compact while satisfying some special functional equation. These results may be regarded as a natural continuation of our research on the problem of AC-removability of quasiconformal curves whose solution was announced in [1] for the first time and supplemented later with some other properties of Van Koch’s curves [2, 3]. In this paper the problem is discussed in a more general setting and, in particular, all important details lacking in [1] are given. Some open problems are formulated.     

On the commutation graph of cyclic <Emphasis Type="Italic">TI</Emphasis>-subgroups in linear groups

We study the commutation graph Γ(A) of a cyclic TI-subgroup A of order 4 in a finite group G with quasisimple generalized Fitting subgroup F*(G). It is proved that, if F*(G) is a linear group, then the graph Γ(A) is either a coclique or an edge-regular graph but not a coedge-regular graph.     

Tangential polynomials and matrix KdV elliptic solitons

Let (X, q) be an elliptic curve marked at the origin. Starting from any cover π: Γ → X of an elliptic curve X marked at d points {π _i } of the fiber π ^?1(q) and satisfying a particular criterion, Krichever constructed a family of d × d matrix KP solitons, that is, matrix solutions, doubly periodic in x, of the KP equation. Moreover, if Γ has a meromorphic function f: Γ → P¹ with a double pole at each p _i , then these solutions are doubly periodic solutions of the matrix KdV equation U _t = 1/4(3UU _x + 3U _x U + U _xxx ). In this article, we restrict ourselves to the case in which there exists a meromorphic function with a unique double pole at each of the d points {p _i }; i.e. Γ is hyperelliptic and each pi is a Weierstrass point of Γ. More precisely, our purpose is threefold: (1) present simple polynomial equations defining spectral curves of matrix KP elliptic solitons; (2) construct the corresponding polynomials via the vector Baker–Akhiezer function of X; (3) find arbitrarily high genus spectral curves of matrix KdV elliptic solitons.