A new terpene ketone,a component of the essential oil ofElsholtzia ciliata

A new terpene ketone which has been called dehydroelsholtsia ketone has been isolated from the essential oil ofElsholtzia ciliata (Thumb.) Hyl. The structure of dehydroelsholtzia ketone as 3-methyl-2-(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)furan has been proposed on the basis of a study of its IR, PMR, mass and¹³C spectra and has been confirmed by its conversion into elsholtzia ketone.     

A new terpene ketone, a component of the essential oil ofElsholtzia ciliata

A new terpene ketone which has been called dehydroelsholtsia ketone has been isolated from the essential oil ofElsholtzia ciliata (Thumb.) Hyl. The structure of dehydroelsholtzia ketone as 3-methyl-2-(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)furan has been proposed on the basis of a study of its IR, PMR, mass and¹³C spectra and has been confirmed by its conversion into elsholtzia ketone.Institute of Chemical Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata. Siberian State Medical Institute, Tomsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 823–824, November–December, 1993.     

Fumigant and repellent activities of essential oil extracted from Artemisia dubia and its main compounds against two stored product pests

The major chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from Artemisia dubia wall. ex Bess. (Family: Asteraceae) were found as terpinolene (19.02%), limonene (17.40%), 2,5-etheno[4.2.2]propella-3,7,9-triene (11.29%), isoelemicin (11.05%) and p-cymene-8-ol (5.93%). Terpinolene and limonene were separated as main components from the essential oil. The essential oil showed fumigant toxicity against Tribolium castaneum and Liposcelis bostrychophila with LC₅₀ values of 49.54 and 0.74 mg/L, respectively. The essential oil and isolated compounds of A. dubia showed repellency activities against both insects. Terpinolene and limonene showed the fumigant toxicity against T. castaneum. Terpinolene showed obvious fumigant toxicity against L. bostrychophila. The results indicated that the essential oil of A. dubia had potential to be developed into natural insecticides for controlling stored product pests.     

Antimicrobial,Mosquito Larvicidal and Antioxidant Properties of the Leaf and Rhizome of Hedychium coronarium

The essential oil, methanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves and rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium Koen. (Zingiberaceae) were assayed for their antimicrobial, mosquito larvicidal and antioxidant properties. The chemical composition of the essential oil of two organs was analyzed by GC/MS analysis. β‐Pinene (33.9%), α‐pinene (14.7%), 1,8‐cineole (13.3%), r‐elemene (11.0%) and carotol (9.1%) were the main components in the leaf oil, including 82.0% terpenoid compounds. The major constituents of the rhizome oil were 1,8‐cineole (37.3%), β‐pinene (23.0%), α‐terpineol (10.4%) and α‐pinene (9.9%), comprising 80.6% of the oil. The leaf and rhizome essential oil displayed significant antimicrobial activity, as determined by the disc‐diffusion method, inhibiting the growth of all five fungal and four bacterial strains tested. The antimicrobial nature of the essential oil is related to high terpenoid contents. The leaf oil exhibited the mosquito larvicidal activity with 2 h and 24 h LC₅₀ values of 111 and 90 ppm, respectively, while the rhizome oil showed the larvicidal activity with 2 h and 24 h LC₅₀ values of 86 and 47 ppm, respectively. β‐Pinene, α‐pinene and 1,8‐cineol in H. coronarium serve as the principal larvicidal components of both oils. The individual antioxidant assays such as DPPH scavenging activity, chelating effect of ferrous ions and reducing power have been used. The present study demonstrated that the polar extracts of H. coronarium possessed anti‐oxidant. Appreciable total phenolic content (18.5‐26.3 mg/g) was also detected by Folin‐Ciocalteu test.     

Comparative efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) hydrodistilled essential oil and temephos as mosquito larvicide

Abstract

In this study Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was tested on major mosquito species and toxicity was compared with temephos. Mortality was calculated after 24?h and 48?h post treatment. In 24?h treatment essential oil show strong larvicidal activity with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were 30.198ppm, 103.389ppm for Anopheles stephensi, 13.578ppm, 106.755ppm for Aedes aegypti; and, 7.469ppm, 32.454ppm for Culex quinquefasciatus and 48?h post treatment LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were, 12.576, 49.380ppm for Anopheles stephensi, 7.926, 34.470ppm for Aedes aegypti and 4.408, 21.048ppm for Culex quinquefasciatus. Chemical composition of essential oil using GC-MS and FT-IR analysis shows the presence of 1,8-cineol, (71.7%); α-pinene, (9.14%) as a major compounds. Our findings suggest that essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus leaves can be used for control of mosquito larvae.     

Essential oil and fractions isolated of Laurel to control adults and larvae of cattle ticks

Abstract

This study, was to evaluate the acaricidal effect of the essential oil (EO) and fractions (FR) obtained from Laurus nobilis leaves on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Eight fractions were obtained, however FR1: sabinene (37.83%), β-pinene (13.50%), 1,8-cineole (12.66%), α-pinene (12.56%) and FR8: α-terpineol (79.19%) were highlighted as to the larvicidal potential when submitted by Larval Packet Test. The EO was tested by the Adult Immersion Test, at concentrations of 200.00; 100.00 and 50.00?µL/mL caused mortality of engorged females, egg mass reduction and hatching inhibition. Two fractions are shown to be efficient in controlling larvae FR8 (LC₅₀?=?0.13?µL/mL, LC₉₉?=?0.51?µL/mL) and FR1 (LC₅₀?=?0.20?µL/mL, LC₉₉?=?0.56?µL/mL). The fractionation of EO was determinant to elucidate which compounds were responsible for the larvicidal potential. This study opens new perspectives to direct new bioassays with the compounds obtained in the fractionation, since they present high potential on cattle tick larvae.     

Insecticidal properties of essential oils against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase and adenosine triphosphatases

Essential oils from 20 Egyptian plants were obtained by using hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the isolated oils was identified by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. Fumigant and contact toxicities of the essential oils were evaluated against the adults of Tribolium castaneum. In fumigation assays, the oil of Origanum vulgare (LC₅₀ = 9.97 mg/L air) displayed the highest toxicity towards the adults of T. castaneum. In contact assays, the oils of Artemisia monosperma (LC₅₀ = 0.07 mg/cm²) and O. vulgare (LC₅₀ = 0.07 mg/cm²) were the most potent toxicants against the adults of T. castaneum. Biochemical studies showed that the tested oils caused pronounced inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) isolated from the larvae of T. castaneum. The oil Cupressus macrocarpa (IC₅₀ = 12.3 mg/L) was the most potent inhibitor of AChE, while the oil of Calistemon viminals (IC₅₀ = 4.4 mg/L) was the most potent inhibitor of ATPases.     

Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of the essential oil from different parts of Datura metel L.

The essential oil from different parts of Datura metel L. were extracted using hydrodistillation and GC–MS was used to analyse the essential oil. The main components of flowers were ketone (23.61%) and ethyl palmitate (15.84%). The main components of leaves were ketone (18.84%) and phytol (18.71%). Ketone (39.45%) and phytol (31.32%) were the major components of petioles. Palmitic acid (30.60%) and ethyl linoleate (21.56%) were the major components of seeds. The major ingredient of roots was palmitic acid (52.61%). The main ingredients of the stems were palmitic acid (38.38%) and ethyl linoleate (17.38%). All the different parts of essential oil were screened for cytotoxicity. The roots and stems showed the inhibitory effects against HepG-2 with IC₅₀ levels of 613.88 and 341.12 mg/L. The leaves and roots showed the inhibitory effects against HeLa with IC₅₀ levels of 267.76 and 348.35 mg/L. All the six parts have inhibitory effects against SGC-7901 cell lines.     

Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oil from Helichrysum faradifani endemic to Madagascar

Helichrysum faradifani (Asteraceae) is a perennial shrub growing in rocky and sandy places of Madagascar. The plant is used in the Malagasy traditional medicine as a wound-healing agent, disinfectant and for the treatment of syphilis, diarrhea, cough and headache. In the present work, we analysed the chemical composition of the essential oil distilled from the aerial parts of H. faradifani by GC-MS and evaluated its insecticidal activity against 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of the lymphatic filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus by acute toxicity assays. The most sensitive were 2nd instar (LC₅₀ = 85.7 μL L^?1) larvae. For the 3rd and 4th instar larvae, the estimated LC₅₀ were 156.8 and 134.1 μL L^?1, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (51.6%) were the major fraction of the essential oil, with the bicyclic α-fenchene (35.6%) as the predominant component. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (34.0%) were the second major group characterising the oil, with γ-curcumene (17.7%) as the most abundant component.     

Antiprotozoal Activity and Cytotoxicity of Novel 1,7‐Dioxadispiro[5.1.5.2]pentadeca‐9,12‐dien‐11‐one Derivatives from Amomum aculeatum

Cytotoxicity against the KB cancer cell line as a lead bioactivity‐guided fractionation of the petroleum ether extract of rhizomes of Amomum aculeatum Roxb. led to the isolation of three novel dioxadispiro[5.1.5.2]pentadeca‐9,12‐dien‐11‐one derivatives. The structures of aculeatin A ( 1 ), aculeatin B ( 2 ), and aculeatin C ( 3 ) were established as rel‐(2R,4R,6S)‐ and rel‐(2R,4R,6R)‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐tridecyl‐1,7‐dioxadispiro[5.1.5.2]pentadeca‐9,12‐dien‐11‐one ( 1 and 2 , resp.) and rel‐(2R,4R,6R)‐2‐[4‐(3‐dodecyl‐2‐heptyl‐3‐hydroxy‐6‐oxocylohexa‐1,4‐dienyl)‐2‐oxobutyl]‐4‐hydroxy‐1,7‐dioxadispiro[5.1.5.2]pentadeca‐9,12‐dien‐11‐one ( 3 ) by extensive spectroscopic analyses, particularly ¹³C‐NMR, inverse‐gated ¹³C, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY, and INADEQUATE NMR experiments as well as mass spectrometry. The aculeatins represent a novel type of natural products. All compounds showed high cytotoxicity against the KB cell line: 1 , IC₅₀=1.7 μM ; 2 , IC₅₀=2.0 μM ; 3 , IC₅₀=1.6 μM . Additional testing against two Plasmodium falciparum strains as well as against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma cruzi showed strong activities, particularly against P. falciparum strain K1 ( 1 , IC₅₀=0.18 μM ; 2 , IC₅₀=0.43 μM ; 3 , IC₅₀=0.37 μM ).     

Synthesis and α‐Mannosidase Inhibitory Evaluation of (2R,3R,4S)‐ and (2S,3R,4S)‐2‐(Aminomethyl)pyrrolidine‐3,4‐diol Derivatives

The synthesis of 46 derivatives of (2R,3R,4S)‐2‐(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine‐3,4‐diol is reported (Scheme 1 and Fig. 3), and their inhibitory activities toward α‐mannosidases from jack bean (B) and almonds (A) are evaluated (Table). The most‐potent inhibitors are (2R,3R,4S)‐2‐{[([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐ylmethyl)amino]methyl}pyrrolidine‐3,4‐diol ( 3fs ; IC₅₀(B)=5 μM , K_i=2.5 μM ) and (2R,3R,4S)‐2‐{[(1R)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylamino]methyl}pyrrolidine‐3,4‐diol ( 3fu ; IC₅₀(B)=17 μM , K_i=2.3 μM ). (2S,3R,4S)‐2‐(Aminomethyl)pyrrolidine‐3,4‐diol ( 6 , R?H) and the three 2‐(N‐alkylamino)methyl derivatives 6fh, 6fs , and 6f are prepared (Scheme 2) and found to inhibit also α‐mannosidases from jack bean and almonds (Table). The best inhibitor of these series is (2S,3R,4S)‐2‐{[(2‐thienylmethyl)amino]methyl}pyrrolidine‐3,4‐diol ( 6o ; IC₅₀(B)=105 μM , K_i=40 μM ). As expected (see Fig. 4), diamines 3 with the configuration of α‐D ‐mannosides are better inhibitors of α‐mannosidases than their stereoisomers 6 with the configuration of β‐D ‐mannosides. The results show that an aromatic ring (benzyl, [1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl, 2‐thienyl) is essential for good inhibitory activity. If the C‐chain that separates the aromatic system from the 2‐(aminomethyl) substituent is longer than a methano group, the inhibitory activity decreases significantly (see Fig. 7). This study shows also that α‐mannosidases from jack bean and from almonds do not recognize substrate mimics that are bulky around the O‐glycosidic bond of the corresponding α‐D ‐mannopyranosides. These observations should be very useful in the design of better α‐mannosidase inhibitors.     

Chemical composition of the essential oils and headspace volatiles of Ferulago sylvatica (Besser) Reichenb. from Serbia

Abstract

Chemical composition of the headspace volatiles and essential oils isolated from different parts of Ferulago sylvatica was determined by GC and GC/MS analyses. The results showed that headspace volatiles obtained from the aerial parts and roots were similar regarding the number of identified compounds and main components. However, essential oils obtained from different plant organs showed significant differences in chemical composition. Myrcene was the most abundant component of the inflorescences and shoots volatiles, while α-pinene make up over 50% of the root volatiles. Only three components were identified in the root essential oil with 2,3,6-trimethyl benzaldehyde (92.7%) as the main component. In the shoots sample the terpenoid fractions represented 56% of the oil, unevenly distributed between monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids with germacrene D (32.5%) recognized as the main constituent. On the other hand, more than 94% of the inflorescences oils were monoterpenoids with myrcene as the most abundant contributor (29.2%).     

Biofabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles by leaf extract of Rhamnus virgata: Characterization and evaluation of cytotoxic,antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials

In the present study, plant‐mediated synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using leaves extract of Rhamnus virgata (Roxb.) as a potential stabilizing, reducing and chelating agent is reported. The biogenic IONPs are extensively characterized for their physical and biological properties. The morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of biogenic IONPs were characterized using ultraviolet spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform‐infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The Scherrer equation deduced a mean crystallite size of ~20 nm for IONPs. Detailed in vitro biological activities revealed significant therapeutic potentials for IONPs. Potential antibacterial and antifungal activities are reported for IONPs. Bioinspired IONPs have shown potential results against HepG2 cells (IC₅₀: 13.47 μg/ml). Dose‐dependent cytotoxicity assays were revealed against Leishmania tropica (KMH₂₃) promastigotes (IC₅₀: 8.08 μg/ml) and amastigotes (IC₅₀: 20.82 μg/ml) using different concentrations of IONPs (1–200 μg/ml). The cytotoxic activity was also studied using brine shrimps, and their IC₅₀ value was calculated as 32.41 μg/ml. Significant antioxidant [TAC (51.4%), DPPH (79.4%) and total reducing power (62%)], protein kinase and alpha amylase inhibition assays were revealed. The biocompatibility assays using red blood cells (> 200 μg/ml) and macrophages (> 200 μg/ml) confirmed the biosafe nature of IONPs. In conclusion, bioinspired IONPs have shown potential biological applications and should be subjected to further research work to develop their nano‐pharmacological relevance in biomedical applications.     

The Antimicrobial Activity,Mosquito Larvicidal Activity,Antioxidant Property and Tyrosinase Inhibition of Piper Betle

The essential oil and methanolic and aqueous extracts of Piper betle L. were assayed for their antimicrobial activity, mosquito larvicidal activity, antioxidant property and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition. The methanolic and aquaous extracts showed strong activity against the yeasts: C. albicans, and M. pachydermatis. The crude essential oil exhibited a broad‐spectrum strong antimicrobial activity against all test organisms. The strongest activity was observed against C. albicans, followed by S. aureus and M. pachydermatis. The chemical composition of the essential oil and its fractions was analyzed by GC/MS analysis. Eugenol (36.2%), chavibetol acetate (16.9%), 4‐allylphenyl acetate (9.4%) and 4‐allylphenol (7.2%) were the main components, comprising 69.7% of the oil. The fractionation of the essential oil gave two fractions. Fraction I was rich in eugenol (71.3%) and fraction II in eugenol (46.4%), chavibetol acetate (19.4%) and 4‐allylphenyl acetate (11.8%). The essential oil exhibited the mosquito larvicidal activity with 2 h and 24 h LD₅₀ value of 86 and 48 ppm, respectively. The methanolic extract of P. betle showed larvicidal activity with 2 h and 24 h LD₅₀ value of 153 and 125 ppm, respectively, whereas the aqueous extract showed slight active. The individual antioxidant assays such as DPPH scavenging activity, chelating effect of ferrous ions and reducing power have been used. P. betle showed remarkable antioxidant activity in DPPH and reducing power assays. The activity observed can be attributed to the presence of the phenolic compounds. The essential oil exhibited concentration‐dependent inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase, giving an IC₅₀ value of 126 ppm. The fraction I showed a strong inhibition of tyrosinase activity, giving an IC₅₀ value of 115 ppm. The presence of 4‐allylphenolic components in the essential oil may play an important role in the inhibition of tyrosinase. In conclusion, the results presented here show that Piper betle essential oil could be considered as a natural antimicrobial, mosquito larvicidal, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition source.     

On the Reactivity of (−)‐(R)‐Carvone and (−)‐4aα,7α,7aβ‐Nepetalactone: Synthesis of New Heterocycles

The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 4‐chlorobenzonitrile oxide to the unsaturated system of (?)‐(R)‐carvone occurred exclusively at C(8) to give a new isoxazoline derivative. This derivative reacts with NH₂OH to yield a new heterocycle, observed for the first time. On the other hand, the addition of 4‐chlorobenzonitrile oxide to the unsaturated lactone (?)‐4aα,7α,7aβ‐nepetalactone gave, in a good yield, also a new heterocycle, again obtained for the first time. The terpenoid (?)‐(R)‐carvone and iridoid (?)‐4aα,7α,7aβ‐nepetalactone were isolated from Moroccan species Mentha viridis (L.) and Nepeta tuberosa (L.), respectively. The new heterocycles obtained were identified by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.     

Design,synthesis, insecticidal,and acaricidal activities of novel pyrimidinamine derivatives containing a biphenyl ether

A series of original pyrimidinamine derivatives containing a biphenyl ether moiety were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. Their insecticidal activities against lepidopteran and hemiptera insects and acaricidal activities were tested. The results of bioassay demonstrated that 9k showed the best activity (LC₅₀ = 2.08 mg/L) against Tetranychus urticae, which is comparable with the positive control, spirotetramat (LC₅₀ = 2.27 mg/L), and 9g showed better activity (LC₅₀ = 0.52 mg/L) against Aphis fabae than the positive control, imidacloprid (LC₅₀ = 1.02 mg/L), and relatively good activity (LC₅₀ = 2.49 mg/L) against T urticae. Their structure‐activity relationships indicated that both an ethyl group on the 4‐position of the pyrimidine ring and alkyl chain as a para‐substituent group of the benzene ring showed good biological activity.     

Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of oxime,methyloxime, and amide‐containing quinazolinones

Certain oxime, methyloxime, and amide‐containing quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC‐TW01), lung carcinoma (NCI‐H226), and leukemia (Jurkat). Quinazolinone 2 was inactive against all three cell lines tested, while quinazolinone 4 was weakly active against both Jurkat and H226 cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 6.55 and 12.27 μM, respectively, indicating that the oxime derivative 4 is more favorable than its ketone precursor 2 . Our results have also indicated that quinazolinone 8g and its biphenyl counterpart 8f exhibited more potent antiproliferative activities than the positive control methotrexate against all three cancer cell lines tested. Among these quinazolinone derivatives, 8g was the most active against NPC‐TW01 with an IC₅₀ value of 4.78 μM. Further study on NPC‐TW01 cell cycle distribution indicated that the compound 8g induced cell arrest at the G1/G0 phase in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. Moreover, a characteristic hypo‐diploid DNA content peak (sub‐G1) was found to increase from 1 to 4% in NPC‐TW01 cells treated with 8g for 72 hr. These results indicate that 8g can induce cells arrest in the G1/G0 phase and cause cell death. Further structural optimization of 8g and detailed study of its antiproliferative mechanism are going on.     

Essential oil composition,antioxidant activity and phenolic content of endemic Teucrium alyssifolium Staph. (Lamiaceae)

The present study was designed to examine the chemical composition of the essential oil, in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts from plant parts (leaf, flower and stem) of Teucrium alyssifolium. The principle components of the essential oil were trans-β-caryophyllene (16.87%), ar-curcumene (11.43%) and bisabolene (11.06%), representing 39.36% of the oil. The total phenolic contents ranged between 13.99 and 41.54 mg of GAE/g of extract. The concentrations of flavonoids varied from 16.82 to 49.52 mg of Ru/g of extract. Antioxidant activity was determined in vitro using DPPH reagent and expressed as concentration of each extract required to inhibit radical by 50% (IC₅₀) values that ranged from 13.52 to 132.55 μg/ml. Our results have indicated that water extract of T. alyssifolium (part leaf) with a total content of polyphenols (41.54 mg of GAE/g) and an IC₅₀ of 13.52 μg/ml is more antioxidant.     

Chemical composition and in vitro anticancer,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and methanol extract from Rumex nervosus

Chemical composition, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimacrobial activities of essential oil obtained from leaves of Rumex nervosus has been evaluated here for the first time. GC/MS analysis reveals the presence of Palmitoleic Acid (28.35%) and Palmitic acid, (25. 37%) as their methyl ester as major components. The essential oil showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity (94.907 ± 0.1089% and 94.003 ± 0.0749%) at concentration (100 and 80) μg/mL respectively. The oil showed promising activity against staph aureus, while showed weak activity against (Hela and 3T3) cell lines. The crude extract / fractions of R. nervosus (leaves) showed significant antioxidant activity at dose (100 and 80) μg/mL. Futhermore the crude showed significant activity against (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cell lines with IC₅₀ (20.5138 ± 0.933 and 25.1728 ± 0.9176) μg/mL respectively, and chloroform fraction showed good activity against (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cell lines with IC₅₀ (31.154 ± 0.965 and 42.269 ± 2.1045) μg/mL.     

RP‐HPLC determination of phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids in Rhodiola rosea and identification by LC‐ESI‐TOF

An HPLC method permitting the simultaneous determination of fourteen analytes (phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids) from the roots of Rhodiola rosea was developed. A separation was achieved within 35 min using C₁₈ column material and a water–acetonitrile mobile phase, both containing a 0.05% phosphoric acid gradient system and a temperature of 53°C. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection and limits of quantification. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of 14 phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids were found to be 0.20–1.0 and 0.5–3.5 µg/mL, respectively. The wavelengths used for quantification of phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids with a diode array detector were 205, 220 and 251 nm. The method was used to analyze the roots of two species of Rhodiola and commercial extracts of R. rosea and provides preliminary evidence of phytochemical differences between North American and Eurasian populations of R. rosea. LC–mass spectrometry coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) interface method is described for the identification of phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids in various Rhodiola samples. This method involved the use of the [M + H]⁺, [M + NH₄]⁺ and [M + Na]⁺ ions in the positive ion mode with extractive ion monitoring (EIM). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.