Visible-light induced photoelectrochemical biosensor for the detection of microRNA based on Bi2S3 nanorods and streptavidin on an ITO electrode

Microchimica Acta - We demonstrate a photo-electrochemical biosensor for the sensitive and specific detection of microRNA using Bi2S3 nanorods as a photoactive material and streptavidin as the unit...     

Flame spray pyrolysis for the one-step fabrication of transition metal oxide films: Recent progress in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting

Developing large scale deposition techniques to fabricate thin porous films with suitable opto-electro nic properties for water catalysis is a necessity to mitigate climate change and have a sustainable environment.In this review,flame spray pyrolysis(FSP)technique,a rapid and scalable methodology to synthesize nanostructured transitional metal oxide films with designed functionalities,is firstly introduced.Furthermore,applications in electrochemical(EC)and photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting for the production of hydrogen fuel is also presented.The high combustion temperature and the aggregation of flame aerosol ensure that the FSP-made films possess high crystallinity,tunable porosity and high surface areas,making this method suitable either as catalysts for EC water splitting or as efficient semiconductor materials for PEC water splitting.Finally,a perspective on the next generation FSP engineered films with potential applications in energy storage and conversion is described.     

固相萃取富集高效液相色谱法测定烟草及烟草添加剂中的重金属元素

报道用固相萃取富集,高效液相色谱法测定烟草及烟草添加剂中镍、铜、锡、铅、镉、汞的方法。样品用微波消化,消化液中的镍、铜、锡、铅、镉、汞用四-(对甲氧基苯基)-卟啉(T4MPP)柱前衍生．用C18固相萃取小柱萃取富集镍、铜、锡、铅、镉、汞的T4MPP络合物,然后用甲醇和四氢呋喃为流动相梯度洗脱,Waters Xterra^TMRP18色谱柱分离二极管阵列检测器检测。镍、铜、锡、铅、隔、汞的捡出限在2～4ng／L之间,方法相对标准偏差为1．8％～2．4％,加标回收率为96％～103％。     

Molecular modeling on the recognition of DNA sequence and conformational repair of sheared DNA by novel chiral metal complex D, L-[Co(phen)_2hpip]~(3 )

Recent studies revealed that DNA, once considered as a very stable macromolecular, is rather unstable. Familiar factors, like heavy metal, microbe, high fre-quency electromagnetic radiation and so on, could easily damage the structure of DNA in different …     

A blue-green-emitting 3D supramolecular compound: synthesis,crystal structure and effect of solvents and temperature on the luminescent properties

A blue-green-emitting three-dimensional supramolecular compound (C₁₀O₂N₂H₈)(C₉O₇H₆) (1) was synthesised under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, ¹H NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to triclinic system with P 1¯ space group. The crystal structure is stabilised by O–H…O, O–H…N hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions (π–π stacking distance is 3.282 Å). Compound 1 exhibits intense green luminescence in solid state at 298 K (λ_em = 546 nm). In addition, absorption and fluorescence characteristics of compound 1 have been investigated in different solvents (DMSO, CH₃CN and CH₃OH). The results show that compound 1 exhibits a large red shift in both absorption and emission spectra as solvent polarity increases (polarity: DMSO>CH₃CN>CH₃OH), indicating a change in dipole moment of compound 1 upon excitation. Although the emission spectra of compound 1 in CH₃OH are close to it in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), it is revealed that the luminescence behaviour of compound 1 depends not only on the polarity of environment but also on the hydrogen bonding properties of the solvent. Meanwhile, temperature strongly affects the emission spectra of compound 1. Emission peaks of compound 1 were blue shift at 77 K than those at 298 K in both solid state (ca. 142 nm) and solution (ca. 6–23 nm), which was due to the non-radiative transition decreases at low temperature. Moreover, the quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime of compound 1 were also measured, which increased with increasing polarity of solvent, lifetime in DMSO at 298 K (τ₁ = 0.92 μs, τ₂ = 8.71 μs) was the longest one in solvents (298 K: τ₁ = 0.87–0.92 μs, τ₂ = 7.50–8.71 μs; 77 K: τ₁ = 0.72–0.90 μs, τ₂ = 6.88–7.45 μs), which was also shorter than that in solid state (298 K: τ₁ = 1.13 μs, τ₂ = 7.50 μs; 77 K: τ₁ = 0.97 μs, τ₂ = 8.97 μs). This was probably because of the weak polarity environment of compound 1 in solid state.     

Λ-、Δ-[Rh(bpy)2chrysi]3+对含C:T错配的DNA序列识别作用的分子模拟研究

通过分子模拟方法研究了手性金属配合物[Rh(bpy)2Chrysi]3 (bpy=2,2’- bipyridine;Chrysi=5,6-chrysenequinonediimine)对包含C:T错配碱基对的B-DNA序列的识别作用。结合类似的针对含G:A错配的和正常的B-DNA序列的识别作用研究,发现配合物[Rh(bpy)2Chrysi]3 可以对错配B-DNA序列进行序列特异性的识别．能量对比计算结果表明,该经典插入识别作用倾向于在错配碱基对附近进行,其中Δ-[Rh(bpy)2charysi]3 比其手性异构体更占优势．这同Barton教授工作组的实验结果是一致的。另外插入作用倾向于在错配序列中的正常双碱基对C3A4／G374(错配碱基对附近)中从小沟进行．与该配合物对含G:A错配的和正常的B-DNA序列的识别作用不同的是,对包含C:T错配碱基对的B-DNA序列的识别作用倾向于从小沟进行．这一点可能源于C:T碱基对结构的不同．     

Molecular modeling on the recognition of DNA sequence and conformational repair of sheared DNA by novel chiral metal complex D,L-[Co(phen)2hpip]3+

A study on the recognition of DNA sequence and conformational repair of sheared DNA by Novel Chiral Metal complex D,L-[Co(phen)₂hpip]³⁺ (phen=1,10 phenanthroline, hpip=2-[2-hydroxyphenyl] imidazole [4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline) is carried out with molecular simulations. The results reveal that two isomers of the complex could both recognize the normal DNA in the minor groove orientation, while recognize the sheared DNA in the major groove orientation and both isomers could convert the conformation of mismatched bases from sheared form to parallel form. Further analysis shows that the steric details of complex’s intercalation to base stack determine the results of recognition, which is induced by the steric collision among ancillary ligand phen, bases and DNA backbone, and by the steric crowding occurring in the process of structural expansion of bases and DNA backbone. Detailed analysis reveals that the conformational repair of mismatched bases relates not only to the steric interactions, but also the π-π stack among normal bases, mismatched bases and hpip ligand.     

Enhanced sensitivity by laser-induced fluorescence for the determination of calcitriol and other vitamin D3 metabolites in plasma

Summary A sensitive method for the determination of hydroxymetabolites of vitamin D₃, parficularly calcitriol (1,25-(OH)₂-D₃), in human plasma is reported. The method is based on the use of laser-induced fluorescence detection as an alternative to conventional fluorimetry in an integrated cleanup/preconcentration, HPLC separation and post-column derivatization system. The derivatization step is based on a dehydration reaction which takes place in secosteroid structures at high temperature in a strong-acid medium. A LOD of 0.01 pg mL⁻¹ (SNR=3) was obtained for each analyte with a linear dynamic range over 4 order of magnitude with excellent regression coefficients (≥0.9922) in all cases. The precision was studied at two concentration levels and the RSDs values (for n=5) were acceptable (between 2.6 and 4.7%). The method was also checked by applying it to human plasma spiked with the target analytes and excellent recoveries were obtained. This is the first time that these species have been determined at the sub-pg mL⁻¹ level.     

Synergetic effect of TeMo5O16 and MoO3 phases in MoTeOx catalysts used for the partial oxidation of propylene

A detailed study on the synergetic effect of TeMo5O16 and MoO3 phases in the MoTeOx catalysts for the partial oxidation of propylene to acrolein has been reported in this work. It was found that both propylene conversion and acrolein selectivity increased with the addition of MoO3 to TeMo5O16. Based on the results of N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, XPS, in-situ XRD, O2-TPO, and 2-propanol decomposition reaction, the higher catalytic performance and synergetic effect could be attributed to the enhancement of acidity and the oxygen transfer from TeMo5O16 to MoO3 phase.     

A new vapor generation system for mercury species based on the UV irradiation of mercaptoethanol used in the determination of total and methyl mercury in environmental and biological samples by atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A new vapor generation system for mercury (Hg) species based on the irradiation of mercaptoethanol (ME) with UV was developed to provide an effective sample introduction unit for atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Preliminary investigations of the mechanism of this novel vapor generation system were based on GC–MS and FT–IR studies. Under optimum conditions, the limits of determination for inorganic divalence mercury and methyl mercury were 60 and 50 pg mL⁻¹, respectively. Certified reference materials (BCR 463 tuna fish and BCR 580 estuarine sediment) were used to validate this new method, and the results agreed well with certified values. This new system provides an attractive alternative method of chemical vapor generation (CVG) of mercury species compared to other developed CVG systems (for example, the traditional KBH₄/NaOH–acid system). To our knowledge, this is the first systematic report on UV/ME-based Hg species vapor generation and the determination of total and methyl Hg in environmental and biological samples using UV/ME–AFS. Figure A new vapor generation system for mercury species using mercaptoethanol under UV irradiation was developed as an effective sample introduction unit for atomic fluorescence spectrometry     

Use of SDS micelles for improving sensitivity, resolution, and speed in the analysis of beta-lactam antibiotics in environmental waters by SPE and CE

This study dealt with the potential of MEKC with LIF detection involving derivatization with sulfoindocyanine succinimidyl ester (Cy5) for the separation and determination of beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephradine, and cephalexin) in environmental water samples. Water samples of 50 mL were enriched by SPE by passage through a weak base-cation Amberlite(R) IRA-93 exchange column. SDS micelles play important roles in the whole analytical process by improving the yield (sensitivity) and the kinetics of the labeling reaction, the elution of the retained antibiotics from the SPE preconcentration system and the electrophoretic resolution of their Cy5-derivatives. The optimum procedure includes a derivatization step of the antibiotics at 25 degrees C for 10 min and direct injection for MEKC analysis, which is conducted within about 15 min using 15 mM SDS in the running buffer (35 mM sodium borate at pH 9.3). LODs from 30 to 45 ng/L and RSDs (within-day precision) from 3.5 to 5.9% were obtained for the antibiotics in water samples with average recoveries ranging from 96.4 to 99.4%. These results indicate that the method proposed is a straightforward and sensitive tool for the determination of these antibiotics in environmental water samples providing similar quantitative results to those using more expensive equipment like LC-electrospray MS/MS.     

P改性对HZSM-5酸性及P-HZSM-5/CuO-ZnO-Al2O3混合催化剂二甲醚水蒸气重整制氢的影响

近年来,氢能作为清洁可再生新型能源越来越受到人们关注.然而,氢气储存和运输困难,制约了其广泛利用.因此,寻找一种高效的原位在线制氢技术成为解决这一难题的重要方案之一.二甲醚作为氢的载体,具有高H/C比、高能量密度、无毒和无致癌性等优点,而且二甲醚的物理性质与液化石油气(LPG)相类似,燃烧时不会产生污染性气体,且工业上已实现大规模生产.通过重整技术,可以使二甲醚有效地转化为H2.目前的重整技术主要包括部分氧化重整、自热重整、干重整以及水蒸气重整(SR).其中二甲醚水蒸气重整(DME SR)技术具有很高的氢气产率,被认为是一种非常有前途的在线制氢技术.
　　二甲醚水蒸气重整反应分两步进行,第一步是固体酸催化剂催化的二甲醚水解反应,第二步是金属催化剂催化的甲醇水蒸气重整反应.其中二甲醚水解反应是整个反应的控速步骤.g-Al2O3作为一种最常用的固体酸催化剂,因其在二甲醚水蒸气重整反应中的良好活性和稳定性,以及很少的副反应等优点,得到了国内外研究者的普遍青睐.但是,g-Al2O3催化二甲醚水解反应的温度较高(300–400 oC),极易导致用于重整的铜基催化剂烧结和失活.与g-Al2O3相比, H型分子筛催化剂(如HZSM-5)酸性较强,酸性位较多,催化二甲醚水解反应的温度要低得多(<300 oC).然而HZSM-5含有的强酸位在二甲醚水蒸气重整过程中极易导致催化剂因积碳而失活.因此,有必要对HZSM-5分子筛进行改性,去除不必要的强酸位,以降低积碳,提高催化剂的活性和稳定性.
　　本文利用HZSM-5良好的离子交换能力,在不改变分子筛骨架结构的前提下,通过一种简单的浸渍法制备了一系列不同P含量的P改性HZSM-5催化剂,并分别将其与传统的CuO-ZnO-Al2O3催化剂机械混合用于二甲醚水蒸气重整制氢.详细研究了P改性对HZSM-5分子筛酸性以及P-HZSM-5/CuO-ZnO-Al2O3混合催化剂二甲醚水蒸气重整制氢活性的影响.与未改性的HZSM-5相比, P改性的HZSM-5催化剂在重整反应中表现出更高的CO2选择性和更好的催化稳定性.通过N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温氧化(TPO)、氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、吡啶红外光谱(IR)和31P魔角旋转核磁共振光谱(MAS NMR)等技术对催化剂进行了表征. NH3-TPD结果表明, P改性可以显著影响HZSM-5的酸量和酸强度;随着P含量的增加,催化剂的强酸位密度明显降低,而弱酸量变化不大;当P含量达到5%时,催化剂的强酸量几乎消失;进一步增加P含量,催化剂的弱酸量也迅速减少. TPO等分析结果表明,积碳是导致催化剂失活的主要原因.5%P改性的HZSM-5催化剂由于其强酸位的消失,在催化反应中表现出更好的稳定性(与未改性的HZSM-5相比). IR结果显示,随着P含量的增加,催化剂的L酸量迅速减少,而B酸量变化相对缓慢.结合31P MAS NMR, NH3-TPD及IR表征结果,提出了P改性对HZSM-5酸性修饰的可能机理.     

Gradient elution mode for the troubleshooting of matrix effect on the determination of G004 in different tissues by LC‐MS/MS

A steep gradient elution mode was applied to reduce the risk of matrix effect (ME) for the determination of G004, a novel sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drug, in a tissue distribution study by LC‐MS/MS. The mass spectra of the total‐ion‐current chromatograms combined with the post‐column infusion traces enabled the ‘unseen’ interfering species to be directly detected, and ensured that the chromatography conditions and sample preparation method were adequate to overcome the ME. According to this, a steep gradient elution mode was designed to overcome the intense ME from different tissues. The analysis was performed by monitoring the transitions m/z 558.1 → 419.0 for G004 and m/z 489.3 → 364.1 for glimepiride used as the internal standard. Calibration curves recovered over a range from 0.1 to 10000 ng/mL for seven different tissues. Sex‐related difference was found in the tissue distribution. The drug levels in the tissues of female rats were about two to three times higher than those in male counterparts. The highest level was observed in liver, then in kidney, heart, pancreas, lung and spleen, but no G004 was detected in brain. G004 was slowly eliminated from female rats compared with male rats. There was no long‐term accumulation of G004 in male or female rat tissues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Leflunomide: Application to in vitro Drug Metal Interactions

Leflunomide is a leading drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The principle aim of this study was to develop and validate an RP‐HPLC method for the determination of leflunomide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using diclofenac sodium as an internal standard. For this purpose, chromatography was accomplished on a Purospher Start, C₁₈ (5 (m, 12.5 cm×0.46 cm) column at ambient temperature. Methanol:water (80:20, V/V) solvent system was selected as mobile phase, the pH of which was adjusted to 3.4 by ortho‐phosphoric acid and delivered at a flow rate of 1.2 mL·min⁻¹. Seperation of leflunomide and diclofenac sodium was carried out on a Purospher Start, C₁₈ equipped with a UV‐visible detector at 248 nm. The suitability of the method for the quantitative determination of the drugs is proven by validation in accordance with the requirements laid down by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method was accurate (99.55%–100.03%), specific, linear (R²>0.999) and precise (intra‐day precision 0.023%–0.93% and inter‐day precision 0.26%–0.944%) in the range of 0.5–20 (g·mL⁻¹. The minimum limit of detection and quantification in pharmaceutical formulation were 0.05 and 0.15 (g·mL⁻¹, respectively. Thus the proposed method is simple, accurate, reproducible and suitable for the routine analysis of leflunomide in pharmaceutical formulations and was applied to study in vitro drug‐metal interactions.     

高性能CdTe/CdS核壳型量子点的制备及应用于小麦面粉中呕吐毒素的荧光免疫检测研究

量子点荧光免疫法的广泛应用迫切需要提高量子点的发光强度和抗体的稳定性. 分别采用巯基乙酸和谷胱甘肽作稳定剂, 水相合成CdTe量子点, 再包覆CdS制备核壳型CdTe/CdS量子点. 以EDC/NHS作交联剂将CdTe/CdS量子点标记到呕吐毒素抗体上, 然后用牛血清蛋白封闭抗体. 研究发现, 谷胱甘肽稳定剂优于巯基乙酸. 与CdTe量子点相比, 谷胱甘肽修饰的CdTe/CdS量子点其荧光的强度和稳定性分别提高6倍和2倍以上. 谷胱甘肽碳链较长, 减少了量子点对抗体尤其是活性位点处的空间构型影响, 从而大大提高抗体的稳定性. 监测不同储藏时间(4 ℃)的CdTe/CdS量子点-抗体偶联复合物与呕吐毒素免疫反应前后荧光强度变化值, 结果显示抗体至少可以稳定7 d. 基于谷胱甘肽稳定的高性能CdTe/CdS量子点, 我们建立了一种新的呕吐毒素荧光免疫检测方法. 呕吐毒素浓度在0～0.9 ng•mL^－1之间相对荧光强度呈线性关系, 相关系数(R²)为0.9992, 检出限是0.038 ng•mL^－1. 方法的灵敏度高于文献报道的其它方法, 如GC-ECD, HPLC和HPLC-MS, 已成功应用于小麦面粉样品中痕量呕吐毒素的测定.     

NH3-SCR反应中Fe-ZSM-5的Fe物种分布和酸性位对其水热稳定性及抗硫和抗碳氢性能的影响

以Na+型和H+型ZSM-5为载体制备了Fe-ZSM-5催化剂并用于氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)氮氧化物. Fe-H-ZSM-5在新鲜时和750 oC含10%水的空气中老化后,其SCR活性均优于Fe-Na-ZSM-5.表征结果显示, Fe-H-ZSM-5和Fe-Na-ZSM-5的Fe物种分布和酸性位有所不同.高温水热老化后Fe-H-ZSM-5分子筛骨架的脱铝较Fe-Na-ZSM-5严重.水和硫的存在对Fe-H-ZSM-5和Fe-Na-ZSM-5的SCR活性的影响相似,即降低了低温活性,略提高了高温活性. Fe-Na-ZSM-5表现出比Fe-H-ZSM-5更好的抗碳氢中毒性能.这两种催化剂的SO2和碳氢中毒是可逆的.     

NH3-SCR反应中Fe-ZSM-5的Fe物种分布和酸性位对其水热稳定性及抗硫和抗碳氢性能的影响

以Na+型和H+型ZSM-5为载体制备了Fe-ZSM-5催化剂并用于氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)氮氧化物. Fe-H-ZSM-5在新鲜时和750 oC含10%水的空气中老化后,其SCR活性均优于Fe-Na-ZSM-5.表征结果显示, Fe-H-ZSM-5和Fe-Na-ZSM-5的Fe物种分布和酸性位有所不同.高温水热老化后Fe-H-ZSM-5分子筛骨架的脱铝较Fe-Na-ZSM-5严重.水和硫的存在对Fe-H-ZSM-5和Fe-Na-ZSM-5的SCR活性的影响相似,即降低了低温活性,略提高了高温活性. Fe-Na-ZSM-5表现出比Fe-H-ZSM-5更好的抗碳氢中毒性能.这两种催化剂的SO2和碳氢中毒是可逆的.     

Immobilization of Peroxo-Heteropoly Compound and Palladium on Hydroxyapatite for the Epoxidation of Propylene by Molecular Oxygen in Methanol

Peroxo-heteropoly compound PO₄[W(O)(O₂)₂] was synthesized on calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite using a reaction of surface [HPO₄]²⁻ groups on hydroxyapatite with a Na₂[W₂O₃(O₂)₄] aqueous solution. The vibration of [HPO₄]²⁻ at 875 cm⁻¹ became very weak, and the vibration of the peroxo-oxygen bond [O–O]²⁻ at 845 cm⁻¹ appeared in the FT-IR spectrum of the solid product, indicating that PO₄[W(O)(O₂)₂] was formed on the surface of hydroxyapatite. The formed solid sample was further reacted with PdCl₂(PhCN)₂ in an acetone solution to fix PdCl₂ between the O sites on the hydroxyapatite. Elemental analyses proved that the resultant solid contained 1.2 wt.% Pd, implying that PdCl₂ molecules were immobilized on the surface of hydroxyapatite. The hydroxyapatite-based hybrid compound containing Pd and PO₄[W(O)(O₂)₂] was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in a methanol solvent for propylene epoxidation by molecular oxygen in an autoclave batch reaction system. A propylene conversion of 53.4% and a selectivity for propylene oxide of 88.7% were obtained over the solid catalyst after reaction at 363 K for 8 h. The novel catalyst could be reused by a simple centrifugal separation, and the yield of propylene oxide did not decrease after the reaction for five runs. By prolonging the reaction time to 13 h, the highest yield of propylene oxide at 363 K over the solid catalyst was obtained as 53.8%, which was almost the same as that of the homogeneous catalyst containing PdCl₂(PhCN)₂ and [(C₆H₁₃)₄N]₂{HPO₄[W(O)(O₂)₂]₂} for the propylene epoxidation. Methanol was used as a solvent as well as a reducing agent in the propylene epoxidation by molecular oxygen. Small particles of Pd metal were formed on the surface of the hybrid solid catalyst during the reaction, and acted as active species to achieve the catalytic turnover of PO₄[W(O)(O₂)₂] in the propylene epoxidation by molecular oxygen in methanol.     

Determination of the neuropharmacological drug nodakenin in rat plasma and brain tissues by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Application to pharmacokinetic studies

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection using selected reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode was developed and validated for the quantification of nodakenin in rat plasma and brain. Pareruptorin A was used as internal standard. A single step liquid–liquid extraction was used for plasma and brain sample preparation. The method was validated with respect to selectivity, precision, accuracy, linearity, limit of quantification, recovery, matrix effect and stability. Lower limit of quantification of nodakenin was 2.0 ng/mL in plasma and brain tissue homogenates. Linear calibration curves were obtained over concentration ranges of 2.0–1000 ng/mL in plasma and brain tissue homogenates for nodakenin. Intra‐day and inter‐day precisions (relative standard deviation, RSD) were <15% in both biological media. This assay was successfully applied to plasma and brain pharmacokinetic studies of nodakenin in rats after intravenous administration.     

Ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction based on a solidified floating organic droplet for the rapid determination of 19 antibiotics as environmental pollutants in hospital drainage and Gomti river water

Antibiotics that are used excessively and disposed of improperly are categorized as emerging pollutants. The determination of micropollutants in water with an accurate and precise method is always a big challenge. Hence, a simple, rapid, sensitive, economical and almost eco‐friendly method is proposed for the quantitative determination of 19 antibiotics. The proposed method, ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction and solidified floating organic droplet coupled with liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, has only a 3 min chromatographic run time for the determination of the 19 antibiotics. We report for the first time the use of the developed method for the quantitative determination of the antibiotics in waste water samples with better results in terms of higher sensitivity, cost‐effectiveness, better detection limits and a greener approach compared to the earlier reported methods. The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.003–0.236 and 0.013–0.834 μg/L, respectively, with good linearity in the concentration range of 0.01–64.0 μg/L. The correlation coefficient was ≥0.987–0.99 for each analyte. The developed method has been successfully applied for the determination of antibiotics in water samples.