关注数学活动 提升数学素养——以《勾股定理》应用为例

在新课程的指导下,数学教学中越来越关注学生数学综合实践能力的培养,基于此,在教学中可以开展一些拓展性课程,多让学生参加一些数学活动,让学生在活动中发现,在发现中探究,在探究中解决,在解决中积累,进而培养学生发现问题、提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力,以此促进学生综合能力和数学素养不断提升.     

用类比方法培养学生问题意识

有资料研究表明:我国中小学生提出数学问题的能力令人担忧.为了改变学生提出数学问题能力低下的现状,我们开始重视学生数学问题意识和提出数学问题能力的培养.教师在课堂中的任务不仅要教会学生学会解决数学问题,且还应重视学生提出数学问题能力的培养.国内外很多研究表明,在解决数学问题过程中,一个独创性数学问题的解决离不开数学问题的提出.一、类比方法是培养学生提出问题意识的有效途径类比是由两个或两类思考对象在某些属性上的相同或相似从而推出它们在另一属性上也相同或相似的一种逻辑推理方法.它具有两个特征:一是丰富的想象力,二…     

我国高校数学教学方法、手段及考评内容和方法改革的思考

本文论述了我国高等教育中数学教学方法、手段及考评内容和方法改革的必要性,并提出了构建以培养学生综合素质;提高学生数学能力与创新能力为中心的多样化教学模式的思路．     

例谈初中学生数学应用能力的培养

党的十八大报告提出全面实施素质教育，深化教育领域综合改革，着力提高教育质量，培养学生创新精神．因此在数学教育中应该教给学生有用的数学，让学生认识到数学在生活、经济和科技中的作用，培养学生使用数学理论、数学方法解决实际问题的能力．     

初中数学应用题解题能力培养策略

应用题是初中数学重要教学内容.培养初中生应用题解题技巧能力能帮助学生理解题意,强化学生数学思维,有利于培养学生利用数学思维解决实际问题的能力.基于此,本文对初中数学应用题解题技巧能力培养策略进行分析.首先,本文对初中生解决数学应用题遇到的阻碍进行分析.其次,本文对初中数学应用题解题技巧进行分析.最后,提出有效的初中数学应用题解题技巧能力培养策略.     

简析高中生数学深度阅读能力的培养路径

在新高考背景下,高考数学题目类型有所转变,其中大量具有长题干的综合题目频频出现,这无疑增加了学生的解题难度.为此教师必须培养学生的数学阅读能力,帮助学生在长题干综合题目中快速、准确提取关键信息,建立数学深度阅读能力培训体系.本文首先阐释了高中数学阅读教学的基本概念理论,分析高中生的数学阅读能力现状,最后深度探讨了高中生数学深度阅读能力的培养路径.     

高中数学解题过程中学科核心素养培养探索

<正>新时代素质教育改革提出中小学教育要以培养学生学科素养为教育教学价值导向,通过多元化学科课堂教学途径培养学生科学的学科学习思维、正确的人生价值观念以及高质量的自主学习能力.基于此,在高中数学教育教学过程中教师要充分利用数学学科核心素养,以培养学生综合学科素养为教学价值导向,进而全面提升学生综合素质.数学学科核心素养是学生数学学习思维、方法、能力的统称,也是历年来高考命题考查的热点.培养与提升学生数学学科核心素养,     

我国高校数学教学方法、手段及考评的内容和方法改革的思考

本论述了我国高等教育中数学教学方法、手段及考评内容和方法改革的必要性，并提出了构建以培养学生综合素质；提高学生数学能力与创新能力为中心的多样化教学模式的思路。     

核心素养视域下学生解题能力培养——以相似三角形解题为例

数学解题能力集中体现了学生的数学综合素养,是数学基础知识、数学思维、数学能力的浓缩.培养学生的数学解题能力,是发展学生数学核心素养的关键.本论文就以此切入,以相似三角形中常见题目出发,从审题、解题等方面展开了详细的探究,旨在强化学生数学解题能力,并促进数学核心素养的“落地生根”.     

数学自学能力培养例谈

数学自学能力是以思维能力为核心的多层次、多因素的一种综合能力．数学教师在教学活动中，应把培养学生数学自学的能力放在首位，笔者结合教学实践，对如何培养初中生数学自学能力进行了思考．     

On Sums of Coefficients of Products of Polynomials

We study the nilpotency of the sums of all coefficients of some sorts of products of polynomials over reversible, IFP, and NI rings, and introduce an SCN ring as a generalization. We characterize SCN rings in relation with related ring properties, and also provide several useful properties and ring extensions of SCN rings.     

Axiomatizability of reducts of algebras of relations

In this paper, we prove that any subreduct of the class of representable relation algebras whose similarity type includes intersection, relation composition and converse is a non-finitely axiomatizable quasivariety and that its equational theory is not finitely based. We show the same result for subreducts of the class of representable cylindric algebras of dimension at least three whose similarity types include intersection and cylindrifications. A similar result is proved for subreducts of the class of representable sequential algebras. Received October 7, 1998; accepted in final form September 10, 1999.     

Computer approximation of families of curves of physically nonlinear creep of polymer materials

The determination of confidence intervals of deformations was studied for an individual measurement and arithmetical mean common for all points of an experimental family of curves. From the experimental data on the creep of polyamide resin and five different analytical equations of physically nonlinear creep, the problems of the computer approximation of families of creep curves and the determination of the material parameters are discussed. A method is proposed for a quantitative evaluation of the degree of correspondence of the initial data to the similarity of isochronous creep curves and the similarity of the creep curves.Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 2, pp. 220–229, March–April, 1976.     

Stability estimates of solutions of systems of functional-differential equations of neutral type

A system of linear functional-differential equations of neutral type is considered. Investigation of stability is carried out by the method of Lyapunov functions of quadratic form. Sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability and estimates of the exponential decay of solutions for an arbitrary and a small deviation of the argument are obtained.Candidate of the Physicomathematical Sciences.Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 43. No. 9, pp. 1123–1135, September, 1991.     

白骨化尸体死亡时间的推断

本文分析了15具白骨化尸体标本的股骨汞(Hg),铅(Pb),镉(Cd)元素含量数据,在三年的时间内采集了3次,一共收集到45个数据。首先将这组数据看着纵向数据,利用线性随机效应混合模型、Cox随机混合效应模型进行分析,结果显示,如果对每个白骨化尸体标本建立线性模型,可以精确预测出死亡时间,而且不需要采集铅元素含量数据。混合效应模型的预测效果也很好,最大误差不会超过1个月。其次我们对数据不作任何假设,利用机器学习中随机森林方法分析数据,并利用5折交叉验证方法来判断结果的可靠性,训练集和测试集的NMSE分别为0.1205944,0.5604286,因此可以用训练出的模型来预测死亡时间。     

Approximation of classes of smooth functions of several variables

The paper deals with imbedding theorems and harmonic approximation for classes of periodic functions of several variables. Necessary and sufficient conditions for imbedding are found for various classes of smooth functions. The paper contains asymptotic estimates for fractional order derivatives of multidimensional Dirichlet and Favard kernels, for Fourier best approximation and for the Kolmogorov diameter of smooth function classes.Translated from Trudy Seminara imeni I. G. Petrovskogo, No. 10, pp. 207–226, 1984.     

Definition of boundary values of thickness of chrome coverings of piston rings

An approach to the definition of adhesion and cohesion stresses that appear in a piston ring after chroming and its mounting on the piston, its performance in a motor, and corresponding conditions of the critical thicknesses of the covering on the basis of a representation of the ring as a two-layer beam is described.Translated from Dinamicheskie Sistemy, No. 9, pp. 72–76, 1990.     

Comparisons of models for estimation of safe doses using measures of the heaviness of tail of a distribution

Summary Procedures to estimate a dose of which the incidence probability is very small (e.g. 10⁻⁶) have been developed to evaluate the safety of chemical compounds. To compare models for estimation of safe doses quantitatively, a measure of the heaviness of tail of a distribution and a measure of tail at the origin are introduced. These measures have a theoretical basis for the comparison of tail behavior between distributions. Using the two measures, a tail ordering is defined to present a criterion for the comparison of models and is discussed for the probit, the logit, the Weibull, the (generalized) multihit, the (generalized) multitarget and the multistage models. The multistage model is most conservative among them, while the probit model has the reverse property. The Weibull model is more conservative than the logit. The multihit and multitarget models are found to be more sensitive than the Weibull and the logit. The Institute of Statistical Mathematics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences     

Birational aspects of the geometry of Varieties of Sums of Powers

Varieties of Sums of Powers describe the additive decompositions of a homogeneous polynomial into powers of linear forms. The study of these varieties dates back to Sylvester and Hilbert, but only few of them, for special degrees and number of variables, are concretely identified. In this paper we aim to understand a general birational behavior of VSP. To do this we birationally embed these varieties into Grassmannians and prove the rational connectedness of many VSP in arbitrary degrees and number of variables.     

Bases of the identities of products of certain varieties of groups

The following theorem is proved: The product of any variety of two-step solvable groups and a variety having a finite basis of identity relations has a finite basis of identity relations.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 137–144, January, 1969.