新型金属胶束模拟酶对羧酸酯与磷酸酯的催化水解

报道了三种新的含醇羟基、胺基或咪唑基长链配体与铜锌离子构成的金属胶束对几种羧酸酯与磷酸酯底物催化水解动力学。结果表明,设计的金属胶束N-十四烷基-2-(N-2'-羟乙基氨基甲基)咪唑锌铜(2a,2b)在共胶束CTAB(溴化十六烷基三甲铵)存在下,对强配位羧酸酯对硝基苯酚-2-吡啶甲酸酯具有很强的催化水解能力,对磷酸酯对硫磷具有很高的反应性,2a,2b的醇羟基参与了对弱配位底物羧酸酯及磷酸酯的进攻,对不同电荷性质的羧酸酯底物具有较强的静电选择性。     

聚乙二醇及其单醚类在咪唑N-烷基化反应中的相转移催化效应

本文报道聚乙二醇(PEG)及其单醚类化合物在咪唑N-烷基化反应中的催化效应,它是以组成聚乙二醇的(CH_2CH_2O)单元中的氧同Im~-Na~+形成离子对参与反应的.催化剂活性与分子量关系不大,主要取决于分子链中有效的(CH_2CH_2O)单元个数,并以不少于5的单元个数组成配合基元通过界面传递阴离子.在一定的催化剂浓度下,遵循假一级反应动力学关系.由此求得的不同碳链(C_4～C_(16))烷基溴和咪唑发生N-烷基化反应的速度常数,显示碳链的空间结构对反应有明显的影响.咪唑和正-丁基溴发生N-正丁基化反应的活化能为12.4±0.5kcal/mol,还求取了该反应的活化参数△S、△H、△G,并与使用季铵盐和冠醚类化合物作相转移催化剂(PTC)的反应结果进行了对比.     

2-（1H-咪唑-1-基）-1-（2，3，4-三甲氧基）苯乙酮肟酯新化合物合成与生物活性研究

首次合成了12个2-（1H-咪唑-1-基）-1-（2，3，4-三甲氧基）苯乙酮肟酯新 化合物，并经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征，初步生物 活性测试表明，有些化合物具有杀菌活性。研究了这些新化合物结构与光谱特征之 间的关系。     

聚乙二醇及其单醚在咪唑N-烷基化反应中的应用

本文报道了在咪唑N-烷基化反应中以聚乙二醇(PEG)及其单醚作为相转移催化剂合成C_4-C_(16) N-烷基咪唑及咪唑N-烷基衍生物的新方法。该法反应条件温和,操作简便,收率可达70％左右。测定了N-烷基咪唑化合物的物理性能,~1H NMR和红外光谱,并讨论了反应条件和烷基化试剂的碳链结构对反应的影响。     

2-烷氧基-4H-咪唑啉-4-酮衍生物的合成与杀菌活性

应用烯基膦亚胺（1）与芳基异氰酸酯的氮杂Wittig反应，得到的碳二亚胺2再 与醇在醇钠催化下反应，合成了新的2-烷氧基-4H-咪唑啉-4-酮衍生物（3），探讨 了成环反应的条件以及所合成的新型杂环化合物的杀菌活性，结果表明部分化合物 表现出较好的抑菌活性，其中以3b活性最好，在50 mg/L浓度时，对水稻纹枯菌和 苹果轮纹菌的抑制率达81%以上。     

E-、Z-2’-(1-咪唑基)-O-(α-甲基-二氯苄基)-2,4-二氯苯乙酮肟硝酸盐的合成与抑菌活性

以间二氯苯、氯乙酰氯和咪唑为原料 ,利用成肟和引入咪唑基顺序不同 ,首先合成了 E-,Z-2 -(1 -咪唑基 ) -2 ,4 -二氯苯乙酮肟 ( E、IZ) ,从二氯苯合成了 α-氯 -二氯取代乙苯 ( A、 B和 C) ,咪唑基 -二氯苯乙酮肟顺反异构体 ( Z、 E)分别与 α-氯 -二氯乙苯反应 ,生成 E-、Z-2 -(1 -咪唑基 ) -O-(α-甲基 -二氯苄基 ) -2 ,4 -二氯苯乙酮肟硝酸盐共 6种新化合物 ,产率为 5 7.5 %～ 64 .5 %,新化合物结构经元素分析、IR和 1H NMR表征 .初步实验表明 ,各化合物对水稻苗腐根有不同程度抑制活性 .     

1-(2-咪唑啉酮基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑衍生物的合成与杀菌活性

研究了应用烯基膦亚胺（1）与芳基异氰酸酯、1H-1,2,4-三唑的串联欢氮杂 Wittig反应，合成1-(2-咪唑啉酮基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑衍生物（3）的方法，探讨了 成环反应的条件以及所合成的新型杂环化合物的杀菌活性。结果表明部分化合物表 现出良好的抑菌活性，其中以3d活性最好，在50 mg/L浓度时，对稻瘟菌、水稻纹 枯菌、棉花枯萎菌、苹果轮纹菌及小麦赤霉菌的抑制率均达100%，对芦笋褐斑菌的 抑制率亦达81%。     

氟芳胺基、氟磺酰胺基磷酸酯的合成

首次合成了氟芳胺基磷酸酯和氟磺酰胺基磷酸酯.对氟苯胺、α-氯-4-三氟甲基吡啶胺、α-氯-4-三氟甲基氧化吡啶胺与二乙氧基磷酰氯在乙腈或DMF中反应,得到氟芳胺基磷酸酯.氟烷基磺酰甲胺与二乙氧基磷酰氯反应,以金属钠处理,相应钠盐在乙腈或DMF中,于室温下反应将得到氟烷磺酰胺基磷酸酯.     

活性酯固化邻甲酚环氧树脂反应机理的研究

采用交叉反应研究在促进剂2-甲基咪唑存在下活性酯固化邻甲酚环氧树脂的反 应机理，用傅立叶转换红外（FTIR）原位测量技术，NMR，气-质联用（GC-MS）等 手段研究了模型化合物的反应动力学，并提出了其反应机理。结果表明，在促进剂 2-甲基咪唑存在下活性酯固化邻甲酚环氧树脂的反应是通过分子内机理进行的。     

光学活性N-N-二烷基-β-氨基醇硼烷配合物对酮肟醚的不对称还原反应(Ⅱ)

光学活性(S)-(-)-2-(1-吡咯烷基)-1,1-二苯基-丙醇-1(1a)和(S)-(-)-2(1-吡咯烷基)-1,1,3-三苯基-丙醇-1(1b), 分别与过量的硼烷反应, 生成相应的硼烷-手性翁唑硼烷配合物, 可用于脂肪酮肟醚和芳香酮肟醚的碳-氮双键的不对称还原反应, 得到光学活性伯胺, 化学收率则为52~76%, 光学收率为6~99%, 讨论了不同还原底物的结构对立体选择性的影响作用。     

Syntheses and anti-inflammatory activity of novel oximes and O-acyloximes.

Novel oximes were prepared from the corresponding aldehyde or ketone in the usual way, and a number of oxime esters, O-lauroyl, O-2-pyridinecarbonyl, O-nicotinoyl, and O-isonicotinoyl oximes were synthesized by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI)-4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) method or a mixed anhydride method, in our search for potent anti-inflammatory compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was assessed by the carrageenan-induced paw edema assay in rats. The oximes (4, 5, and 13), O-lauroyloxime 1L, O-nicotinoyloximes (1N, 2N, 3N, and 4N), O-isonicotinoyloxime 1I, and O-2-pyridinecarbonyloxime 7P showed higher anti-inflammatory potency than aspirin, a prostaglandin cyclooxygenase inhibitor.     

疏水-亲脂相互作用对化学反应性的影响 7: 十四元和十八元环的邻基参与

本工作研究了不同链长的ω-取代羧酸对硝基苯酯p-NO2-C6H4OCO(CH2)n-1Y(简称n-Y,n=17,13,11;Y=SH,H,OH,Br和SCH3)在Me2SO-H2O溶剂体系(有机溶剂体积组成分数φ=0.40,0.45,0.50,0.55)中的水解动力学,观察到疏水-亲脂作用影响下,由于13-SH和17-SH长链分子自身绕曲,可以实现十四元环和十八元环的大环邻基参与,至于11-SH的水解,则观察不到十二元环的邻基参与.因此,这些受物的邻基助效确与链长有关.溶剂组成对此现象也有影响.     

(Z)-3,4,4,4-Tetrachlorobut-2-enoates of Certain Natural Alcohols, Phenols, and Oximes

Previously unknown (Z)-3,4,4,4-tetrachlorobut-2-enoates 1b-20b were prepared in 77-88% yields by reaction in the presence of pyridine of 3,3,4,4,4-pentachlorobutanoic acid chloride with cetyl alcohol (1a), terpenols and terpenone oximes (2a-13a), sterols (14a and 15a), diosgenin (16a), and plant phenols and their oximes (17a-20a).     

Quinone-sensitized steady-state photolysis of acetophenone oximes under aerobic conditions: kinetics and product studies

Oxidation of oximes via photosensitized electron transfer (PET) results in the formation of the corresponding ketones as the major product via oxime radical cations and iminoxyl radicals. The influence of electron-releasing and electron-accepting substituents on these reactions was studied. The observed substituent effect strongly supports formation of iminoxyl radicals from the oximes via an electron transfer-proton transfer sequence rather than direct hydrogen atom abstraction. Correlation of the relative conversion of the oximes with Hammett parameters shows that radical effects dominate for the meta-substituted acetophenone oximes (rho(rad)/rho(pol) = 5.4; r2 = 0.93), whereas the para-substituted oximes are influenced almost equally by radical and ionic effects (rho(rad)/rho(pol) = -1.1; r2 = 0.98). From these data sets we conclude that the follow-up reactions proceed through a number of intermediates with both radical and ionic character. This was confirmed by product studies with the use of an isotopically labeled nucleophile. In addition to the major oxidation product (ketone), a chlorine-containing product was often identified as well. Studies on the formation of this product show that the most likely pathway is either via a direct nucleophilic addition in a complex formed between the oxime radical cation and the chloranil radical anion or via a radical substitution (SH2) mechanism. These studies show that with the increasing use of oximes as drugs and pesticides, intake of these chemicals followed by enzymatic oxidation may result in the formation of a variety of reactive intermediates, which may lead to cell and tissue damage.     

Hydrolysis of carboxylate and phosphate esters using monopyridinium oximes in cationic micellar media

The reactions of p‐nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA) with a series of monopyridinium oximes, viz. 2‐PAM (2‐hydroxyiminomethyl‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide), 3‐PAM (3‐hydroxyiminomethyl‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide), and 4‐PAM (4‐hydroxyiminomethyl‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide) have been studied in the presence of cationic surfactants of same hydrophobic chain length (C₁₆) within the concentration range of 0.5–6.0 mM at pH 8.0 under the pseudo‐first‐order condition. The observed rate constant (k_obs) increases with increasing surfactant concentration culminating into a maximum, and this has been analyzed in detail following the concepts of micellar catalysis. The structure–activity relationship of the investigated oximes has been discussed, and 2‐PAM was found to be the most reactive among all the three investigated oximes for the cleavage of PNPA. Esterolytic decomposition of p‐nitrophenyldiphenyl phosphate with oximate ions (? CH?NO^?) was followed in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles at pH 9.0, and 4‐PAM was the most reactive oxime for the micellar hydrolysis of phosphate ester. The apparent acid dissociation constants (pK_a) of the investigated oximes have been determined spectrophotometrically. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 569–578, 2011     

Synthesis of 3,4‐Dialkyl‐5‐(1‐oxo‐ethyl)‐3H‐thiazole‐2‐thiones Derivatives and Their Pesticidal Activity

By interaction of N‐methyl(ethyl)‐dithiocarbamate sodium salt with 3‐chloro‐pentane‐2,4‐dion the 1‐(3‐alkyl‐4‐methyl‐2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐thiazol‐5‐yl)‐ethanones 1 , 2 and corresponding oximes 7 , 8 were synthesized. On the basis of the mentioned compounds hydrazono ( 3 , 4 ), ureayl and thioureayl ( 5 , 6 ) derivatives, substituted oximes ( 9 , 10 ) and azinyl oximes ( 11 , 12 ) were obtained. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The pesticidal activities of synthesized compounds were studied. Some of the synthesized compounds simultaneously have shown growth stimulant and fungicidal activity.     

Efficient and divergent synthesis of fully substituted 1H-pyrazoles and isoxazoles from cyclopropyl oximes

Efficient and divergent one-pot synthesis of fully substituted 1H-pyrazoles and isoxazoles from cyclopropyl oximes based on reaction conditions selection is reported. Under Vilsmeier conditions (POCl3/DMF), substituted 1 H-pyrazoles were synthesized from 1-carbamoyl, 1-oximyl cyclopropanes via sequential ring-opening, chlorovinylation, and intramolecular aza-cyclization. In the presence of POCl3/CH2Cl2, substituted isoxazoles were obtained from the cyclopropyl oximes via ring-opening and intramolecular nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV) reactions.     

多羟乙基双核大环多胺La(III)配合物对双对硝基苯酚磷酸二酯和DNA 催化水解作用研究

合成了一类新型多羟乙基双核大环多胺La(III)配合物, 其结构经1H NMR, MS, 元素分析等表征. 通过紫外分光光谱法和琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术, 研究了双核大环多胺La(III)配合物催化双对硝基苯酚磷酸二酯的水解反应和对质粒DNA(pUC18)的催化水解作用. 结果表明: 双核大环多胺La(III)配合物可以有效催化双对硝基苯酚磷酸二酯水解和促进质粒DNA在生理条件下的水解裂解. 双对硝基苯酚磷酸二酯的水解速率提高了2.36×104倍. 讨论了配合物结构对水解反应的影响.     

Effect of structure in benzaldehyde oximes on the formation of aldehydes and nitriles under photoinduced electron-transfer conditions

The mechanistic aspects of the photosensitized reactions of a series of benzaldehyde oximes (1a-o) were studied by steady-state (product studies) and laser flash photolysis methods. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis studies have shown that the reaction of the oxime with triplet chloranil (3CA) proceeds via an electron-transfer mechanism provided the free energy for electron transfer (DeltaG(ET)) is favorable; typically, the oxidation potential of the oxime should be below 2.0 V. Substituted benzaldehyde oximes with oxidation potentials greater than 2.0 V quench 3CA at rates that are independent of the substituent and the oxidation potential. The most likely mechanism under these conditions is a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism as this reaction should be dependent on the O-H bond strength only, which is virtually the same for all oximes. Product studies have shown that aldoximes react to give both the corresponding aldehyde and the nitrile. The important intermediate in the aldehyde pathway is the iminoxyl radical, which is formed via an electron transfer-proton transfer (ET-PT) sequence (for oximes with low oxidation potentials) or via a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway (for oximes with larger oxidation potentials). The nitriles are proposed to result from intermediate iminoyl radicals, which can be formed via direct hydrogen atom abstraction or via an electron-transfer-proton-transfer sequence. The experimental data seems to support the direct hydrogen atom abstraction as evidenced by the break in linearity in the plot of the quenching rates against the oxidation potential, which suggests a change in mechanism. The nitrile product is favored when electron-accepting substituents are present on the benzene ring of the benzaldehyde oximes or when the hydroxyl hydrogen atom is unavailable for abstraction. The latter is the case in pyridine-2-carboxaldoxime (2), where a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed. Other molecules that form weaker intramolecular hydrogen bonds such as 2-furaldehyde oxime (3) and thiophene-2-carboxaldoxime (4) tend to yield increasing amounts of aldehyde.     

Investigation of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and syn-and anti-isomers of 5-substituted 2-(4-chlorobutyryl)-aminobenzophenones oximes

By the reaction of syn-isomers of 5-substituted 2-(4-chlorobutyryl)aminobenzophenones oximes with NaOH syn-isomers of 5-substituted 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzophenones oximes were obtained. Similarly the anti-isomers of 5-substituted 2-(4-chlorobutyryl)aminobenzophenones oximes treated with NaOH underwent cyclization into anti-isomers of 5-substituted 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzophenones oximes. Crystal and molecular structures were investigated of the syn-isomer of 5-methyl-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzophenone oxime, the anti-isomer of 5-bromo-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzophenone oxime, and the syn-isomer of 5-methyl-2-(4-chlorobutyryl)aminobenzo-phenone oxime. The fragmentation features under the electron impact of syn-and anti-isomers of 5-substituted 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzophenones oximes are discussed.