一种粒子谱仪用高均匀性高磁通密度永磁组件

研制的永磁组件采用主辅永磁体和匀场技术相结合的改进C型磁路结构,利用计算机仿真技术对组件磁路结构进行验证及优化。仿真分析及实验结果表明:采用这种磁路结构扩大了均匀区的范围,提高了磁场均匀性。按这种结构制造的永磁组件在20 mm气隙、中心平面200 mm120 mm均匀区内气隙磁通密度达到0.75 T,不均匀度为0.67%。另外,也对永磁组件在高低温下的磁性能进行了仿真计算,结果表明:在-55~70 ℃温度范围内均匀区的气隙磁通密度变化为4%左右。     

空间高频交变磁场对超导块材悬浮力影响研究

高温超导磁悬浮装置,如磁悬浮列车和磁悬浮轴承在高速运行时,空间磁场交变及不均匀性扰动会引发超导块材内部损耗并影响性能,传统均匀时变磁场实验研究及仿真模拟无法满足实际工程应用情况.本文通过设计不同永磁阵列得到不同波形,在高速系统驱动下得到不同交变频率下超导块材损耗特性,发现全波型损耗较半波型损耗高,并研究了不同磁场构型悬浮力衰减特性,可为高速超导磁浮应用提供实验依据.     

均匀磁化介质椭球的退磁因子及退磁场

在椭球坐标系中求解了均匀椭球磁介质在匀强磁场中的磁化问题,得到了空间磁标势、磁场、介质中退磁场和退磁因子的表达式,研究了椭球形状与退磁因子的关系,分析了介质磁化率对退磁场方向的影响.结论为:椭球磁介质内的退磁场是匀强磁场;退磁因子的大小与椭球形状有关,与椭球大小无关,沿椭球长轴方向的退磁因子较小;一般而言退磁场方向与外磁场方向既不相同也不相反.铁磁质椭球内的退磁场几乎与外磁场反向.     

高功率光隔离器永磁系统的理论研究与优化

基于Halbach阵列永磁体的特点以及光隔离器对磁场的需求,设计了两种适用于高功率隔离器的永磁系统,分析了其磁场分布、磁场非均匀性对隔离度的影响,研究了磁体装配误差对磁场的影响。研究结果表明:通过引入斜向磁化永磁体,选择合适的磁化角度和磁体长度,可以提高永磁体的磁场强度,大幅度减小旋转器所需磁光晶体长度;受磁场非均匀性影响的隔离度与磁光晶体的孔径、长度以及入射激光的光斑半径有关,当晶体长度一定时,减小晶体半径和入射光的半径可以显著提高隔离度。在入射光半径为1.5mm、磁光晶体半径5mm时,对应的隔离度分别为105.8dB和45.4dB。     

铁磁材料对永磁体磁场分布的影响及悬浮测试

为了研究铁磁材料对永磁体磁场分布的影响，以纯铁与钕铁硼永磁体为研究对象，对添加纯铁后不同组合永磁体磁场进行了测试。结果表明：对直径为80 mm厚度为5 mm的纯铁及边长为10 mm的方形永磁体而言，当纯铁底部永磁体对称排列时，纯铁上表面磁场呈规律性的均匀分布。当永磁体数目为9,边缘距为0时，纯铁上表面中心磁场较大，分布均匀度较高；当纯铁侧面固定永磁体时，组合体表面磁场增强，但增幅不同，表面磁场值越大，磁场增幅越小，磁场均匀度降低；随着距组合体表面高度的增加，纯铁表面中心磁场逐渐减小，磁场均匀度先减小后增加。另外，利用超导样品对均匀区磁场进行了磁悬浮测试，表明该结构实现磁场均匀化的可行性，对后续超导块材平面运动控制的研究具有重要意义。     

非均匀弱直流偏置磁场中CoFe-基非晶态合金丝的静磁化分布和退磁场分布

当前从事非晶态合金丝巨磁阻抗效应的理论研究均以忽略其内部退磁场为前提,该前提对于小尺寸非晶态合金丝不适用.本文提出一种用于计算Co Fe-基非晶态合金丝内部静磁化强度、退磁场分布的模型.该模型将非晶态合金丝内部划分成同轴、等宽、等厚、半径不同的相邻无交圆环,计算各圆环内磁化强度对场点r处退磁场冲激响应,得到冲激响应矩阵.利用该矩阵求解均匀/非均匀直流偏置磁场中非晶态合金丝内静磁化强度、退磁场分布.     

封面故事

磁场是自然界中最高效的能量转换媒体.以烧结Nd-Fe-B及烧结2-17型Sm-Co为代表的稀土永磁体具有极高的磁能积,因而用它们制作的永磁器件能产生强大的磁场.因此,稀土永磁体产品特别是烧结Nd-Fe-B永磁体,不仅支撑着当代手机、电脑     

永磁体在磁流体中的磁力学建模及自悬浮位置可控性

以球形永磁体和球形容器为对象,推导出永磁体磁浮力模型,分析磁导率、永磁体的剩余磁化强度和永磁体半径、容器半径以及永磁体相对于容器中心位置的位移对磁场力的影响,结论具有一定普遍性.计算结果表明各参数均遵循一定规律对磁场力产生影响,始终有满足自悬浮现象的条件存在.通过对悬浮平衡位置特征分析,论述各变化参数与自悬浮位置的关系,并讨论实现自悬浮位置的可控性途径. 关键词： 磁流体 磁场力模型 自悬浮     

利用轴向磁化的永磁环制造轴向梯度磁场

首先叙述了由单个轴向磁化环所产生的磁场,并就两个永磁环所产生的纵向磁场进行了分析.对于两个沿同一方向磁化的永磁体环,沿磁环中心线将会产生一个强度较为均匀的轴向磁场.如果两者的磁化方向相反,则在两磁铁间的区域将产生一个纵向的梯度磁场,其磁场强度介于-B₀到+B₀之间.设计制造了一个高梯度的轴向磁场,其磁场梯度为47.2Tm,测量结果与计算结果非常一致.文中还讨论了产生变梯度磁场的方法.由于永磁环所产生的磁场和螺线管的磁场较为相似,磁铁外部空间将有较大的漏场,最后还讨论了屏蔽漏场的问题.     

均匀磁化永磁棒的磁场

本文综合运用分子电流观点及磁荷观点,系统地计算了沿轴向、横向及其它任意方向均匀磁化的有限长永磁棒在轴线上的磁场以及无限长永磁棒在全空间的磁场.     

辅助永磁体厚度对单畴GdBCO超导体捕获磁场分布及其磁悬浮力的影响

研究了两种磁悬浮系统组态中圆台形辅助永磁体厚度对高温超导体捕获磁场和超导磁悬浮力的影响。结果表明,圆台形辅助永磁体的下表面和GdBCO超导体上表面同处在一个水平面上,磁化用圆台形辅助永磁体的厚度H从5 mm增加到45 mm时,超导体捕获磁场和磁悬浮力与圆台形辅助永磁体的厚度直接相关。（1）当圆台形辅助永磁体的北极垂直向上且用液氮冷却后移除辅助永磁体时,最大磁悬浮力从21.8 N增大到26.5 N,再减小到22.9 N;（2）当圆台形辅助永磁体的北极垂直向下且用液氮冷却后移除辅助永磁体时,最大磁悬浮力从20.5 N减小到11.9 N ,再增加到20.4 N;（3）两种磁悬浮系统组态中最大磁悬浮力不一致,与零场冷情况下的最大磁悬浮力14.6 N也不同。在超导磁悬浮应用系统设计中,只有科学选择辅助永磁体形状和尺寸,合理设计组合方式,才能获得较强的磁场强度,提高超导磁悬浮力特性,该结果对促进高温超导体的实际应用具有重要的指导作用。     

Phase distribution and computed magnetic properties of high-remanent composite magnets

Numerical micromagnetic calculations using finite-element techniques allow a quantitative treatment of the correlation between the microstructure and the basic magnetic properties of two-phase permanent magnets such as the remanence, the coercive field and the maximum energy product. For the investigation of (A) the role of the amount of the soft magnetic phase, and (B) the effect of grain shape, realistic three-dimensional grain arrangements have been used. The numerical results show that both short-range exchange and long-range magnetostatic interactions determine the magnetic properties. The optimal microstructure of an isotropic nanocrystalline permanent magnet was found to consist of soft magnetic particles with a large spontaneous magnetization embedded between hard magnetic grains. Exchange interactions than enhance the remanence of isotropic, composite magnets of Nd₂Fe₁₄B and -Fe by about 60%. Because of exchange hardening the soft magnetic phase can be increased up to 50% without a significant loss of coercivity. A uniform grain structure suppresses strong demagnetizing fields and this increases coercivity by 30% as compared with irregular shaped particles.     

380V电永磁控制器的设计与实现

设计了一个以STM32F103为控制核心的电永磁控制器,实现了在交流380V输入电压下, 对电永磁本体进行充退磁。系统输入电压经同步变压器降压处理后,由过零检测电路获取过零信号,然后通过STM32F103输出脉冲串,经脉冲变压器KCB6743加至可控硅,实现了半波整流电路精确的功率输出;灵活简单的按键操作以及完整的显示功能,很好的实现了人机互动。通过测试本系统能准确的对电永磁本体充退磁操作,并且能够通过按键设置充退磁电流,实现电永磁的磁力大小调整。该控制器具有成本低、易操作、通用性强以及高可靠性的特点,使其广泛应用于电磁领域。     

Development of a temperature-variable magnetic resonance imaging system using a 1.0T yokeless permanent magnet

A temperature variable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system has been developed using a 1.0 T permanent magnet. A permanent magnet, gradient coils, radiofrequency coil, and shim coil were installed in a temperature variable thermostatic bath. First, the variation in the magnetic field inhomogeneity with temperature was measured. The inhomogeneity has a specific spatial symmetry, which scales linearly with temperature, and a single-channel shim coil was designed to compensate for the inhomogeneity. The inhomogeneity was drastically reduced by shimming over a wide range of temperature from −5 °C to 45 °C. MR images of an okra pod acquired at different temperatures demonstrated the high potential of the system for visualizing thermally sensitive properties.     

Overhauser DNP and EPR in a Mobile Setup: Influence of Magnetic Field Inhomogeneity

Power-dependent Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhancements and continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of nitroxide radicals were measured in the magnetic field of a mobile Halbach-array permanent magnet and compared with results from a commercially available electromagnet. DNP saturation factors for varying microwave power were obtained from both measurement series and used to investigate how the increased magnetic field inhomogeneity present in the Halbach magnet affects the saturation efficiency. An EPR detection system was designed to allow continuous-wave EPR measurements at microwave power up to 20?W. Our results show that despite the lower magnetic field homogeneity, a Halbach-array magnet can be used for EPR and DNP-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance of high quality providing almost the same performance as a more homogeneous electromagnet.     

Single-sided sensor for high-resolution NMR spectroscopy

The unavoidable spatial inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field generated by open sensors has precluded their use for high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. In fact, this application was deemed impossible because these field variations are usually orders of magnitude larger than those created by the microscopic structure of the molecules to be detected. Recently, chemical shift resolved NMR spectra were observed for the first time outside a portable single-sided magnet by implementing a method that exploits inhomogeneities in the rf field designed to reproduce variations of the static magnetic field. In this communication, we describe in detail the magnet system built from permanent magnets as well as the rf coil geometry used to compensate the static field variations.     

永磁体空间磁场的分析计算及其在永磁磁力轴承中的应用

在介绍三种永磁体空间磁场计算模型的基础上,利用泛函理论分别推导出等效磁荷模型和等效电流模型对应的变分形式,并就等效磁荷模型详细地介绍了有限元法．由于等效磁荷模型使用仅有一个自由度的标量磁位,因而计算起来比具有三个自由度的矢量磁位的等效电流法更简便．从永磁磁力轴承磁场的计算算例中可以看出,用等效磁荷模型的有限元法计算永磁体空间磁场是非常简便和有效的．